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The document discusses the critical role of Battery Management Systems (BMS) in electric vehicles, highlighting their functions in monitoring, cell balancing, thermal management, and fault detection to ensure battery safety and longevity. It emphasizes the importance of BMS in optimizing battery performance through real-time data sharing and predictive maintenance. A case study on BYD's BMS illustrates advanced techniques for managing battery systems effectively.

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8 views15 pages

CC Group-15

The document discusses the critical role of Battery Management Systems (BMS) in electric vehicles, highlighting their functions in monitoring, cell balancing, thermal management, and fault detection to ensure battery safety and longevity. It emphasizes the importance of BMS in optimizing battery performance through real-time data sharing and predictive maintenance. A case study on BYD's BMS illustrates advanced techniques for managing battery systems effectively.

Uploaded by

vc52425
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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BATTERY MANAGEMENT

SYSTEM FOR ELECTRIC


VEHICLES
UNDERSTANDING THE ROLE AND IMPORTANCE OF
BMS IN EVS

I. Aditya by:
Presented Chavan -278
II. Shivam Billure -282
III. M.Saad Attar -283
IV. Rupali Jivtode -296
V. Tahajib Sayyad -297
INTRODUCTION

• A Battery Management System (BMS) ensures the safety, performance, and longevity of
the battery pack in electric vehicles. It monitors critical parameters and takes actions to
prevent battery failures or hazards.

• A BMS also plays a key role in cell balancing, which helps prevent performance
degradation and extends the battery’s lifespan.

• it detects and responds to abnormal conditions, such as overheating, short circuits, or


overcharging, to protect the battery and the system. By managing the battery’s temperature
and ensuring optimal charging and discharging, the BMS maximizes energy efficiency
and enhances overall system reliability.
Literature review
Authors Year Title Findings Remark
Plett, G. L. 2004 Extended Introduction A
Kalman the Extended foundational
Filtering for Kalman Filter work in real-
Battery (EKF) method time SoC
Management of charge estimation.
Systems (SoC)
estimation in
dynamic
conditions.
Zhang Et al. 2011 Review on Analysed and Ideal for
State of compared understandin
Charge SoC g complete
Estimation estimation BMS
Methods for techniques structure
Lithium-ion like Coulomb
Batteries counting,
neural
networks,
and Kalman
Filters.
KEY FUNCTIONS OF BMS

• 1. Monitoring and Data Collection


• 2. Cell Balancing
• 3. Protection from Overcharging and Over-discharging
• 4. Thermal Management
• 5. Fault Detection and Diagnostics
• 6. Charge and Discharge Control
• 7. State Estimation (SOC and SOH)
• 8. Communication with External Systems
MONITORING AND PROTECTION

• BMS constantly monitors voltage, current, temperature, and state of charge. It protects the
battery by taking actions to prevent overheating, short circuits, and overcharging, ensuring
safe operation.

• BMS tracks current flow during charging and discharging, preventing overcurrent situations
that could damage the battery.

• BMS monitors temperature to detect overheating or freezing, ensuring the battery operates
within its optimal thermal range.
CELL BALANCING

• Ensures Uniform Charge: BMS balances the charge across all cells to maintain
consistent voltage levels, preventing overcharging or undercharging of
individual cells.

• Maximizes Battery Life: By equalizing cell voltages, BMS reduces stress on


individual cells, extending the overall lifespan of the battery pack.

• Improves Performance: Cell balancing ensures optimal energy utilization, enhancing


the efficiency and reliability of the battery system.
THERMAL MANAGEMENT

Prevents Overheating: BMS monitors battery temperature and activates cooling


systems (e.g., fans, liquid cooling) to prevent overheating and thermal
runaway.

Maintains Optimal Temperature: Ensures the battery operates within its


ideal temperature range, maximizing efficiency and performance.

Protects Against Extreme Conditions: Detects and mitigates risks from high
or low temperatures, safeguarding battery health and safety.
STATE OF CHARGE (SOC) AND STATE
OF HEALTH (SOH)
•SOC indicates the remaining battery capacity, while SOH reflects the battery's
overall health and expected lifespan. BMS uses these metrics to optimize
battery performance and longevity.

•SOC helps BMS maintain safe charge levels, extending battery life and
ensuring safety.

•SOH provides early warnings for battery replacement or servicing,


reducing downtime and costs.
FAULT DETECTION AND SAFETY
FEATURES

Detects Abnormal Conditions: BMS identifies faults such as overvoltage,


undervoltage, overcurrent, and short circuits, ensuring timely
intervention.

Prevents Safety Hazards: Mitigates risks like thermal runaway, fire,


or explosion by disconnecting the battery during critical failures.

Enables Predictive Maintenance: Provides real-time diagnostics and alerts


for potential issues, reducing downtime and improving reliability.
COMMUNICATION AND REPORTING

Real-Time Data Sharing: BMS communicates with vehicle systems (e.g., via CAN
bus) to provide real-time data on voltage, current, temperature, and SOC.

Enables Diagnostics and Alerts: Sends fault reports and warnings to the driver
or maintenance team for quick troubleshooting and repairs.

Supports Remote Monitoring: Integrates with IoT systems for remote tracking of
battery performance, enabling predictive maintenance and fleet management.
Case study
Case study

 BYD's Battery Management SystemBYD's battery management systems handle


multiple critical functions across interconnected subsystems, managing individual cell
voltages from 2.5V to 4.2V while coordinating pack-level responses to thermal,
electrical, and mechanical conditions. The system processes thousands of real-time
measurements per second across parameters including cell temperature gradients,
state of charge variations, and isolation resistance values.The fundamental challenge
lies in balancing granular cell-level monitoring and control against the computing and
communication constraints of a vehicle-scale battery system.This page brings together
solutions from recent research—including cascaded sampling architectures that
eliminate wire harnesses, predictive thermal management systems that respond to
environmental forecasts, intelligent cell equalization based on actual capacity curves,
and distributed fault isolation mechanisms. These and other approaches demonstrate
how BYD addresses both immediate safety requirements and long-term battery
performance optimization.
CONCLUSION

•The Battery Management System (BMS) is the backbone of electric vehicle


(EV) battery performance, ensuring safety, efficiency, and reliability.
•By continuously monitoring critical parameters like voltage, current,
temperature, and state of charge, the BMS protects the battery from
risks such as overheating, overcharging, and short circuits.
•It also enhances battery lifespan through cell balancing and
thermal management while providing real-time diagnostics for
predictive maintenance.
REFFERENCES

• https://menaevshow.com/battery-management-system-in-electric-vehicles/
• https://www.researchgate.net/publication/382126615_Powering_the_Future_
Advanced_Battery_Management_Systems_BMS_for_Electric_Vehicles

• https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/17/14/3360
• https://scholar.google.com/scholar?hl=en&as_sdt=0%2C5&q=BMS+for+EV
 %27s&btnG=

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