10th Grade

Statistical
Mini –
Research
What will we learn in this topic?
Define Research
and Its Key Importance of
01 Componets
02 Research

Identify Parts of a Conduct a

Statistical Mini- Statistical Mini-
03 Research
04 Research
 ACTIVITY: PAPER BALL GAME
1. The objective of the activity is to play catch or pass the
paper ball.
2. When a student catches the ball, he/she has to answer
the question written on the first layer of the paper ball.
3. If you drop the ball, then you get to throw it back at
your classmates.
4. Continue the game until all the questions have been
answered.
5. Scoring Guide:
DID YOU KNOW THAT WE
ENCOUNTER STATISTICS
EVERYDAY?
 There is a wide application of statistics in
different field such as astronomy, business,
education, sciences, and other fields.
 WHAT IS STATISTICS?
 We define Statistics as a branch of
mathematics that examines and
investigates ways to process and analyze
the data gathered.
 Statistics provides procedure in data
collection, presentation, organization, and
interpretation to have a meaningful idea
that is useful to decision-makers.
In conducting a mini-research, it should be
planned carefully and done in a very
organized manner.
You should consider the following:

1. What is the issue or problem that you would like to

study?
2. Why are you conducting the mini-research?
3. Where will you collect data?
4. Who will be your respondents?
5. How will you collect data?
6. What is the time frame to conduct the mini-research.
GUESS WHAT?
R E E S H R E

S R C L B A T

A V K C V S T
GUESS WHAT?
S E

R C L B A T

V K V S T

R E S E A R C H
What is 01
Research and
Its Key
Components?
Research is defined as…
● It is a process used to collect and
analyze information to increase our
understanding of a topic or issue.
● It is a systematic investigation into
and study of materials and sources
in order to establish facts and
arrive at a new conclusion.
● It is said to be open-ended because
we continually come up with
questions based on curiosity or on
observation.
Research is defined as…
● Research is a systematic inquiry to
describe, explain, predict, and
control the observed phenomenon.
It involves inductive and deductive
methods.” – Earl Robert Babbie
● It comes from two words RE(again)
and SEARCH(to seek for). –
Etymology
● It means to look for something. –
Chapman, 1979
 02
Importance of
Research
 Importance of Research
1. It expands your knowledge base.
2. It gives you the latest information.
3. It helps you know what you are up against.
4. It builds your credibility.
5. It helps you narrow your scope.
6. It teaches you better discernment.
7. It helps you with problem-solving.
8. It introduces you to new ideas.
9. It helps you reach new people.
10. It encourages curiosity.
 While it is true that doing or
engaging in research provides
a lot of benefits, it does come
at a cost. A researcher needs
to sacrifice breadth for depth
since doing research is time-
intensive and needs a full
span of knowledge to achieve
the extent of his study.
GUESS WHAT?
R E E S H I E

S R C T A A T

A I K C L S T

I M L N P I U
GUESS WHAT?
E

K
L P U

S T A T I S T I C A L
M I N I
R E S E A R C H
Statistical Mini-Research is defined
● A as…
statistical mini-research is a small-
scale study that involves the
collection, analysis, and interpretation
of numerical data to identify patterns,
trends, or relationships. It typically
focuses on a specific research
question, uses basic statistical
methods, and involves a limited
sample size. This type of research is
often used for quick insights,
classroom projects, or preliminary
Statistical Mini-Research is defined
as…
● It is a simplified study of
materials and sources.
● Unlike formal research, it only
has three important steps:
identify the problem; search for
solution; and present the
solution.
 COMPARE AND CONTRAST
• The main difference between statistical mini-research and
research lies in their scope, depth, and methodology.
STATISTICAL MINI RESEARCH
RESEARCH
• Scope: Limited in scale, • Scope: Broader, involving in-
focusing on a specific depth study and multiple
problem or question. variables.
• • Objective: Seeks to explore,
Objective: Often aims to
gather and analyze explain, or establish theories
and relationships beyond just
numerical data to find
patterns or trends. numerical analysis.
• Methodology: Uses both
• Methodology: Uses basic qualitative and quantitative
statistical tools like surveys, methods (e.g., interviews,
experiments, or secondary case studies, experiments,
 COMPARE AND CONTRAST
STATISTICAL MINI RESEARCH

RESEARCH 
Data Collection: Involves Data Collection: Larger
small sample sizes. sample size for more reliable
 Analysis: results.
Relies on
 Analysis: Involves complex
statistical methods such as
techniques such as
mean, median, mode,
percentages, or correlation. hypothesis testing,
regression analysis, or
 Time Frame: Shorter thematic analysis.
duration, usually completed  Time Frame: Takes longer,
• within a few weeks or often
A statistical mini-research is a smaller, spanning
data-driven several
study that
months.
focuses on numerical analysis, whilemonths
fullorresearch
years. is a more
comprehensive study that may combine different research
methodologies to explore deeper insights.
Statistical Questions

● Statistical questions are

questions that require data
collection and analysis, and
their answers vary depending
on the data collected. These
questions involve variability,
meaning different responses
can be obtained from different
sources or individuals.
 Characteristics of Statistical
Questions
1. Require Data Collection
Answers are based on gathered data.

2. Involve Variability
The answers are not fixed or
deterministic.

3. Can Be Analyzed Using Statistics

The data collected can be summarized
using statistical measures (mean, median,
range, etc.).
 Formulating Statistical Questions
1. Identify a topic of Interest
Choose a subject where data can be gathered. It
could be about students, sports, social media, health,
environment, or any real-world issue.
Example: You want to study students’ study habits.

2. Ensure the Question Requires Data Collection

Your question should require multiple responses from
a group of people or observations.
Example:
• Bad Question (Non-statistical): Do I study for 2 hours
every night? (Only one answer)
• Good Question (Statistical): How many hours do
students in my school study each night? (Answers will vary)
 Formulating Statistical Questions
3. Include Variability in Answers
A strong statistical question should not have a fixed
answer. Instead, the data collected should show differences.
Example:
❌What is the temperature in New York today? (Single answer)
✅ What is the average temperature in New York in March?
(Answers vary by day)
4. Use Quantitative or Categorical Data
• Quantitative (Numerical Data) → Involves numbers (e.g.,
height, weight, hours, test scores).
Example: How many hours do students sleep per night?
• Categorical (Group Data) → Involves categories (e.g.,
colors, preferences, brands).
Example: What is the most common favorite school subject
among students?
Formulating Statistical Questions

5. Be Specific and Clear.

Avoid vague or overly broad questions.
Instead, define the who, what, when, and where
when necessary.
Example:
❌ How much do people exercise? (Too broad)
✅ How many minutes do high school students
exercise per week? (More specific)
Examples of Statistical Questions
 What is the average number of text messages
sent by teenagers daily?

 What percentage of students prefer online

learning over face-to-face learning?

 How many cups of coffee do adults drink in a

week?

 What is the most popular social media platform

among high school students?
 EXAMPLES OF STATISTICAL VS.
NON-STATISTICAL QUESTIONS
STATISTICAL NON-STATISTICAL
• QUESTIONS
What is the average height • QUESTIONS
What is my height? (Only
of students in my class? one answer, no variability)
• How many hours do • How many days are there in
students spend on a week? (Fixed answer, no
homework each week? need for data collection)
• What is the most common • Is 5 a prime number? (A
favorite sport among factual, non-variable
teenagers? answer)
• How much time do people
spend on social media
 Two Sources of Data

Secondary
Pimary Data
These are data that come These areData
data that are
from an original source, taken from previously
and are intended to recorded data. These are
answer specific research information in research
questions. conducted, industry
It can be taken by financial statements,
interview, mail-in business, periodicals,
questionnaire, survey or and government reports.
experimentation.
 03
Parts of the
Statistical Mini-
Research
Title Page

● The title page is the very first

page of the research paper. It
should contain the paper’s title,
the author’s name, the name of
the school in which you have
written and are submitting the
paper and the completion date.
 I. Introduction/Rationale

● This is the first part of research and where

the researcher introduces the topic.
● One of the key goals of the
introduction/rationale is to get the reader’s
attention and interest. It should give some
background information and should set the
context.
 I. Introduction/Rationale
a. Background of the
Study
●The background of the study establishes the
context of the research. This includes both
important and relevant studies that support
or refute the research.
● A brief explanation of why the topic is
important.
 I. Introduction/Rationale
b. Statement of the
Problem
● The statement of the problem contains
research question/s the researcher is/are
trying to answer. This should be stated clearly
with contextual detail.
● It is the specific statistical question you aim to
answer.
 I. Introduction/Rationale
c. Significance of the
Study
● The significance of the study explains the
importance and impact of the research. It
highlights who benefits from the findings and
how the study contributes to knowledge,
decision-making, or problem-solving.
 II. Methodology

● The methodology section describes how the

research was conducted, including the
participants, data collection methods, and
statistical tools used for analysis.
 II. Methodology
a. Population and Sample
● Population – The entire group of individuals or items
that a researcher wants to study. It includes all possible
subjects relevant to the research.
Example: All high school students in a city.
● Sample – A smaller group selected from the population
to represent it. Researchers study the sample because
studying the entire population is often impractical.
Example: 100 students selected from different schools in the
city.
 II. Methodology
a. Population and Sample
● Population (N) – the entire group where samples are
drawn
● Sample (n) – subset of the population
● The size of the sample is always less than the total size of
the population. N

n
 II. Methodology
a. Population and Sample
i. Sampling Method/ Systematic
Random Sampling
● Slovin’s formula is used to determine the sample size. A
confidence level of 95% gives a margin error of 5%; a
confidence level of 99% gives a margin error of 1%. The
formula used:
 II. Methodology
b. Data Collection Method
● The data collection method refers to how
information is gathered from participants in a
study. It ensures that the research obtains
reliable and relevant data to answer the
research question.
 II. Methodology
b. Data Collection Method
i. Primary Data Collection - Data collected
directly from sources by the researcher.
● Surveys/Questionnaires – Asking participants structured
questions. (e.g., online surveys, paper forms)
● Interviews – One-on-one discussions to gather in-depth
insights. (e.g., face-to-face, phone, or video interviews)
● Observations – Watching and recording behaviors without
direct interaction. (e.g., observing students in a classroom)
● Experiments – Conducting controlled tests to study cause-
and-effect relationships. (e.g., testing study techniques on
student performance)
 II. Methodology
b. Data Collection Method
ii. Secondary Data Collection - Data
gathered from previous research, records, or
published sources instead of directly from
participants.
● Books, Journals, and Articles – Research studies
and academic papers.
● Government Reports – Official statistics and
census data.
● Online Databases – Published research, business
reports, or historical records.
 II. Methodology
c. Statistical Tools Used

● Statistical tools are methods or

techniques used to analyze, interpret, and
present numerical data in research. These
tools help summarize information, identify
patterns, and make data-driven
conclusions.
 II. Methodology
c. Statistical Tools Used
i. Descriptive Statistics
(Summarizing Data) - Used to describe
and organize data in a meaningful way.
● Mean (Average): Sum of all values divided by
the number of values.
● Median: Middle value in a sorted dataset.
● Mode: Most frequently occurring value.
● Range: Difference between the highest and
lowest values.
● Percentage & Proportion: Used to express parts
 II. Methodology
c. Statistical Tools Used
ii. Data Visualization Tools (Graphical
Representation) - Used to present data
visually for easy understanding.

● Bar Graphs & Pie Charts: Compare categories

or percentages.
● Histograms: Show frequency distribution of
numerical data.
● Line Graphs: Display trends over time.
III. Data Presentation and Analysis
a. Tables, Graphs or Charts
● When analyzing and presenting data,
researchers use various tables, graphs,
and charts to organize and visualize
information clearly.
III. Data Presentation and Analysis
a. Tables, Graphs or Charts
i. Frequency Distribution Table (FDT)
● It shows how often values appear in a
datasets.
III. Data Presentation and Analysis
a. Tables, Graphs or Charts
ii. Line Graph
● Best for trends over time.
III. Data Presentation and Analysis
a. Tables, Graphs or Charts
iii. Bar Graph
● Compare categories using bars.
III. Data Presentation and Analysis
a. Tables, Graphs or Charts
iv. Histogram
● Displays frequency
distributions of numerical
data.
III. Data Presentation and Analysis
a. Tables, Graphs or Charts
v. Scotter Plot
● Shows relationship between
two variables.
III. Data Presentation and Analysis
a. Tables, Graphs or Charts
vii.Pie Chart
● Shows
percentage/proportion of a
whole.
III. Data Presentation and Analysis
b. Measures of Position
● The measures of position of grouped data determine the
position of a single value in relation to other values in a
sample or a population data set. The formulas are as
follows:
Quartile Decile Percentile
III. Data Presentation and Analysis

c. Interpretation of Data
● Interpretation of data is the process of analyzing
and explaining the meaning of collected data. It
involves summarizing findings, identifying patterns,
and drawing conclusions based on statistical
analysis.
● Interpreting data helps convert numbers into
meaningful insights. The goal is to explain the
results in a way that answers the research question
 IV. Conclusion and
Recommendations
● It is the synthesis of the key points in the
research. It reminds the readers of the main
argument and helps them understand why
the research should matter.
 IV. Conclusion and
Recommendations
a. Conclusion
● It brings closure to the paragraph in the conclusion.
“Thus”, “For this reason”, “In conclusion”, are often
used as starting phrase.
● Concluding paragraphs should be clear and sum up
what you have presented in your research without
sounding redundant. An effective concluding can also
add impact to what you have presented in your paper.
Conclusions can also serve as a basis for continuing
research, creating new ideas to resolve an issue you
highlighted in your paper or new approaches to a topic.
 IV. Conclusion and
Recommendations
b. Recommendatio
● ns
It contains the specific measures that need to be
taken based on your findings. This should also
indicate to which the aims have been achieved.
● taken based on your findings. This should also
indicate to which the aims have been achieved.
 V. Appendices

● Appendices serve as a space for

materials that help clarify your
research, which are not included in
the main text. Items that might be
included such as letters,
documentation, survey-
questionnaire.