homework

Worksheet 1

 Note: take a print out of work sheet and attach it in your copies after
completing it
Questions and answers
Q1: write two features of each of the following:
Mountains
Plains
Deserts
 Ans: 1. Mountains
 High Elevation – Mountains rise significantly above the surrounding land, often with
steep slopes and rugged terrain.
 Source of Rivers – Many rivers originate in mountain regions due to melting snow and
glaciers.
2. Plains
 Flat or Gently Rolling Land – Plains have minimal elevation change, making them
ideal for agriculture and settlement.
 Fertile Soil – Often found in plains, especially alluvial plains formed by rivers,
supporting crop growth.
3. Deserts
 Low Rainfall – Deserts receive less than 250 mm of rain per year,
making them very dry regions.
 Extreme Temperatures – They often experience hot days and cold
nights due to lack of moisture and vegetation.
Q2: what do you understand by biodiversity? What is role of rivers in
biodiversity?
 Ans: Biodiversity refers to the variety of life on Earth. It includes:
 Different species of plants, animals, fungi, and microorganisms.
 Genetic diversity within species.
 Ecosystem diversity, such as forests, grasslands, wetlands, and
oceans.
 Biodiversity is important for ecosystem health, resilience, and providing
essential services like food, medicine, and clean air.
Q3: Draw a labelled diagram of three courses of river?
Ans: Note: Draw fig 1.4 on your books pg 9

Q4: Q: Make an infographic to show how human activities impact the landforms
of the world?
Ans:
 Chapter: 2
Water supply sources and management
Words meanings ( pls write in straight lines)

Agriculture Precipitation Hail Sleet Droughts

The practice of growing Any form of water Hard balls or A mix of rain and Long periods with
crops and raising animals that falls from the lumps of ice that snow or frozen little or no rainfall,
for food, fiber, and other sky, such as rain, fall from the sky raindrops that fall leading to water
products snow, sleet, or hail. during during cold shortages.
thunderstorms. weather.

run off Infiltrates Evaporation Transpiration Condensation

Water (usually from rain) The process by the process by The release of The process by
that flows over the surface of which water soaks which water water vapor from which water vapor
the land and into rivers, into the ground changes from plants into the air in the air cools and
lakes, or the ocean. and becomes part liquid to gas due through their changes back into
of underground to heat (e.g., from leaves. liquid droplets
water supplies. the sun). (forms clouds or
dew).
Questions and Answers
Q1: How do human activities interfere with water cycle?
Ans: Human activities affect the water cycle in many ways.
1. Cutting down trees reduces rain because there is less transpiration.
2. Building cities with concrete stops water from soaking into the
ground, causing more runoff and flooding.
3. Farming and factories use a lot of water and sometimes pollute it.
4. Burning fuels causes climate change, which can lead to more
droughts or heavy rain.
All these actions disturb the natural flow of water in the environment.
 Q 2: Imagine what might happen if the water cycle stops?
 Ans: life will fail to exist if the water cycle stops

•No Rain – Without evaporation and condensation, clouds won’t form, and
there will be no rain.

•Droughts – Rivers, lakes, and soil would dry up because water wouldn't be
replaced.

•Plants and Animals Die – Plants need water to grow, and animals (including
humans) need water to live.

•No Drinking Water – We wouldn’t have fresh water to drink, cook, or clean.

•Climate Changes – The weather would become very dry or very hot in many
places.

•Food Shortage – Crops wouldn’t grow, leading to less food.

 Q 3: Identify three reasons for low ground water table in Pakistan?
 Ans: Three reasons for low ground water table in Pakistan are as,

1- Overuse of Groundwater
 People pump too much water from underground for farming, drinking,
and industry. More water is taken out than is naturally replaced.
2- Less Rainfall and Droughts
 Pakistan has less rainfall in many areas. This means less water soaks
into the ground to refill underground water.
3- Deforestation and Urbanization
 Cutting trees and building cities reduces the amount of water that
can soak into the soil. More water runs off instead of going
underground.
Word meanings ( Pls write in straight lines)

Industrialisation Mining Sewage Anaerobic

Desalination
process of
digging into the Dirty waste water
process when a ground to take out process of living or
country or area valuable materials removing salt and happening without
builds more factories like coal, gold, minerals from oxygen.
and starts using salt, oil, or seawater to make
machines to make minerals. it safe to drink.
goods (products).

Renewable Conservation catchment area Distillation

a process that
resource that can be saving and the land where all the separates liquids
used again and again protecting natural rainwater flows into one river, by heating them to
because it never runs resources lake, or reservoir turn into vapor and
out or it can be then cooling the
replaced naturally. vapor back into
liquid.
Questions and Answers
 Q1 : Make a mind map showing the impact of scarcity of water on
people and the environment?
 Ans: Water Shortage Impact
 Q2: Explain the method of sewage treatment?
Ans: Reclamation of water is being practiced for the treatment of sewage water. In this
process, the sewage water from households and industries can be purified by removing
the solid material, bacteria and other impurities and water will be purified to be used
again.

Q3: Explain any one method of purification of water?

Ans: Distillation is one of the widely used method now for the purification of water. In
this process the sea water is heated and then cooled down. Water vapours on cooling
form fresh water that can be used for drinking purpose.
Q4: How is biogas made and how it is used? How it can be effective for Pakistan?
 Biogas is made by breaking down organic waste (like animal manure or kitchen
scraps) in an oxygen-free digester, producing methane gas.
 It’s used for cooking, heating, electricity, and as fertilizer.
 For Pakistan, biogas is effective because it provides clean energy, reduces waste,
helps with power shortages, supports farmers, and lowers pollution, especially
benefiting rural areas.
Q5: What is clean water required for? Make a web
Check point
Q1: Name the two different types of water present on Earth?
Ans: There are two different types of water present on earth:
1. Fresh water ( it is present in lakes, streams, rivers, glaciers)
2. Salt water ( it is present in seas and oceans)
Q2: Name the types of precipitation?
Ans: Following are the types of precipitation:
3. Water
4. Sleet
5. Snow
6. hail
Q3: How is population growth related to the increased demand of clean water?
Ans: When the population grows, more people need clean water for: drinking, cooking,
bathing, cleaning, farming, factories and industries
So The demand for clean water increases. Water sources like rivers, lakes, and underground
water are used more. It becomes harder to supply clean water to everyone. Water shortages
and pollution may increase.

Q4: How does the agricultural sector use water?

 Ans: The agricultural sector uses a large amount of water for several important
activities:
1. Irrigation of Crops
 Farmers use water to grow crops like wheat, rice, fruits, and vegetables.
 Water is supplied through canals, tube wells, and sprinklers to keep the soil moist.
2. Watering Livestock
 Animals such as cows, goats, and chickens need clean water for drinking and
cleaning.
 Water is also used to clean barns and maintain hygiene.
3. Processing and Washing
 After harvesting, water is used to clean and process crops like grains and
vegetables before they are packed or sold.
4. Maintaining Farm Equipment and Land
 Water is also used to clean tools, machines, and maintain farmlands
Short questions and Answers

Q: What are the three main sources of fresh water?

Ans: There are three main sources of fresh water are ice and snow in
glaciers, rivers, and lakes on the surface of Earth and ground water
under the surface of the Earth.
Q: What is a hydrological cycle?
Ans: The hydrological cycle refers to the continuous movement of water
from the atmosphere to the land and from the land back to the
atmosphere.
Q: What is desalination?
Ans: Desalination is the removal of salt in seawater through distillation
or using membrane filtration.
Q: What is the membrane method of water purification?
Ans: In the membrane method, water molecules are forced to pass
through a semipermeable membrane.
Q: What is anaerobic respiration?
Ans: Anaerobic respiration is a kind of respiration that does not need
oxygen.
Q: What technical developments help save water?
Ans: Several water-saving devices have been invented to help
households and industries to reduce water usage and wastage.