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Nerves of Upperlimb

The document provides an overview of the major nerves of the upper limb, including the axillary, musculocutaneous, median, ulnar, and radial nerves, detailing their origins, courses, and branches. Each nerve's anatomical relationships and functions are described, highlighting their roles in muscle innervation and sensory distribution. The information is structured to facilitate understanding of the complex anatomy of the upper limb's nervous system.

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Imad Hussain
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6 views24 pages

Nerves of Upperlimb

The document provides an overview of the major nerves of the upper limb, including the axillary, musculocutaneous, median, ulnar, and radial nerves, detailing their origins, courses, and branches. Each nerve's anatomical relationships and functions are described, highlighting their roles in muscle innervation and sensory distribution. The information is structured to facilitate understanding of the complex anatomy of the upper limb's nervous system.

Uploaded by

Imad Hussain
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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NERVES OF UPPER LIMB

NERVES OF UPPER LIMB


Axillarynerve
Musculocutaneous nerve
Median nerve
Ulnar nerve
Radial nerve
AXILLARY NERVE
 The axillary nerve arises from the
posterior cord of the brachial plexus
in the axilla.

 Itpasses backward and enters the


quadrangular space with the
posterior circumflex humeral artery.

 As the nerve passes through the


space, it comes into close
relationship with the inferior aspect
of the capsule of the shoulder joint
and with the medial side of the
surgical neck of the humerus.

 Itterminates by dividing into


anterior and posterior branches.
BRANCHES
An articular branch:
To the shoulder joint

An Anterior terminal


branch: To deltoid and
overlying skin.

A Posterior terminal
branch: To teres minor
and posterior part of
deltoid.
MUSCULOCUTANEOUS NERVE
 The origin of the Musculocutaneous
nerve from the lateral cord of the
brachial plexus (C5, 6, and 7) in the
axilla.

 Itruns downward and laterally, pierces


the coracobrachialis muscle, and then
passes downward between the biceps
and brachialis muscles.

 Itappears at the lateral margin of the


biceps tendon just above the elbow.

 Itruns down the lateral aspect of the


forearm as the lateral cutaneous nerve
BRANCHES
MUSCULAR:
 Coracobrachialis
 Biceps brachii
 Brachialis

CUTANEOUS:
 Skin of the front and
lateral aspects of the
forearm down as far as
the root of the thumb.

ARTICULAR:
 Elbow joint
MEDIAN NERVE (C5-C8,T1)

The origin of the


median nerve is from
the medial and lateral
cords of the brachial
plexus in the axilla.

Itruns downward on
the lateral side of the
brachial artery.
COURSE IN ARM

 Halfway down the upper


arm, it crosses the brachial
artery and continues
downward on its medial side.

 Themedian nerve has no


branches in the upper arm,
except for a small vasomotor
nerve to the brachial artery.

 Pass anterior to elbow joint


into the forearm
COURSE IN FOREARM
 The median nerve enters the
forearm by passing between
the two heads of the pronator
teres.

 Itcontinues downward behind


b/w flexor digitorum
superficialis and flexor
digitorum profundus.

 Atthe wrist, the median nerve


emerges from the lateral
border of the flexor digitorum
superficialis muscle.

 Itenters the palm by passing


behind the flexor retinaculum.
BRANCHES IN FOREARM

Muscular branches:
 Pronator teres
 Flexor carpi radialis
 Palmaris longus
 Flexor digitorum superficialis.

Articular branches: To the Elbow


joint

Anterior interosseous nerve

Palmar cutaneous branch. This


arises in the lower part of the forearm
and is distributed to the skin over the
lateral part of the palm.
COURSE IN PALM
 The median nerve enters the palm
by passing behind the flexor
retinaculum and through the
carpal tunnel.

 It immediately divides into lateral


and medial branches.

Muscular branches:
 Muscles of thenar eminence
 1st and 2nd lumbrical muscle.

Cutaneous branches:
 Palmar aspect of the lateral three
and a half fingers
 Skin of distal phalanges on
dorsum.
ULNAR NERVE
 Theulnar nerve (C8
and T1) arises from the
medial cord of the
brachial plexus and
descends in the interval
between the axillary
artery and vein.

 The ulnar nerve gives off


no branches in the
axilla.
COURSE IN ARM
 Itruns downward on the
medial side of the brachial
artery as far as the middle
of the arm.

 The nerve enters the


posterior compartment of
the arm and passes behind
the medial epicondyle of
the humerus.

 Itenters the front of the


forearm by passing
between the two heads of
the flexor carpi ulnaris.
COURSE IN FOREARM

It then runs down the


forearm between the flexor
carpi ulnaris and the flexor
digitorum profundus
muscles.

BRANCHES IN FOREARM:

Muscular branches:
 Flexor carpi ulnaris
 Medial half of the flexor
digitorum profundus

Articular branches: Elbow


COURSE IN PALM

The ulnar nerve enters


the palm anterior to
the flexor retinaculum.
As it crosses the
retinaculum, it divides
into a superficial and a
deep terminal branch.
Superficial Branch of the Ulnar Nerve
The superficial branch of the ulnar
nerve descends into the palm, between
the pisiform bone and hamate. The
ulnar artery is on its lateral side. Here,
the nerve and artery may lie in a fibro-
osseous tunnel, the tunnel of Guyon.

Branches:

Muscular branches:
 Palmaris brevis

Cutaneous branches:

 Palmar aspect of the little finger and


the adjacent sides of ring finger.
 Distal half of the dorsal aspect of
these fingers.
Deep Branch of the Ulnar Nerve

 The deep branch of the ulnar nerve runs


backward between the abductor digiti
minimi and the flexor digiti minimi.

Muscular branches:
 Three muscles of the hypothenar eminence
(abductor digiti minimi, flexor digiti
minimi, and opponens digiti minimi).

 Allthe palmar and dorsal interossei


 3rd and 4th lumbrical muscles
 Both heads of the adductor pollicis muscle.
RADIAL NERVE (C5-C8, T1)
 The radial nerve is the largest
branch of the brachial plexus and lies
behind the axillary artery.

 The origin of the radial nerve is from


the posterior cord of the brachial
plexus in the axilla.

 Itgives posterior cutaneous nerve in


axilla.
 Branches are given to the long and
medial heads of the triceps

 On leaving the axilla, the radial nerve


immediately enters the posterior
compartment of the arm.
COURSE IN ARM
The nerve winds around the
back of the arm in the spiral
groove on the back of the
humerus between the heads
of the triceps.

Itpierces the lateral fascial


septum above the elbow and
continues downward into the
cubital fossa in front of the
elbow, between the
brachialis and
Brachioradialis muscles.
BRANCHES IN ARM
In the spiral groove:
 Lateral and medial heads of the triceps
 Anconeus.

Lower lateral cutaneous nerve of the


arm:
 skin over the lateral and anterior
aspects of the lower part of the arm.

Anterior compartment of the arm:


Branches to the brachialis,
Brachioradialis, and Extensor carpi
radialis longus muscles.
At the level of the lateral
epicondyle, it divides into
superficial and deep
branches.

Superficial branch enter


into lateral compartment

Deep branch enter into


front of forearm
Superficial Branch of the
Radial Nerve

 Itreaches the posterior surface


of the wrist, where it divides into
terminal branches.

BRANCHES:

 Skin on lateral two thirds of the


posterior surface of the hand
 posterior surface over the
proximal phalanges of the lateral
three and a half fingers.
Deep Branch of the Radial Nerve

Branches:
Muscular branches:
 Extensor carpi radialis brevis
 Supinator
 Extensor digitorum
 Extensor digiti minimi
 Extensor carpi ulnaris
 Abductor pollicis longus
 Extensor pollicis brevis
 Extensor pollicis longus
 Extensor indicis

Articular branches: To the wrist


THE END…!!

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