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lec01

Lecture 1 introduces the course on motion in one dimension, covering fundamental concepts such as position, displacement, velocity, and acceleration. It emphasizes the importance of physics in understanding the world and outlines the topics to be covered, including mechanics and thermodynamics. Basic math skills and tools for the course are also highlighted, along with the distinction between displacement and distance traveled.

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Nano Suyatno
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7 views24 pages

lec01

Lecture 1 introduces the course on motion in one dimension, covering fundamental concepts such as position, displacement, velocity, and acceleration. It emphasizes the importance of physics in understanding the world and outlines the topics to be covered, including mechanics and thermodynamics. Basic math skills and tools for the course are also highlighted, along with the distinction between displacement and distance traveled.

Uploaded by

Nano Suyatno
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Lecture 1: Course introduction

Motion in one dimension


• Semester preview

• Motion along a straight line

• Position and displacement

• Velocity and speed

• Acceleration as derivative of velocity with respect to time

• Interpret the sign of velocity and acceleration


What is physics?

Most fundamental of sciences

Behavior and structure of matter


Galaxy NGC 300, seven million lighters away, constellation Sculptor.
Courtesy of NASA.
High energy proton collision in the LHC. © CERN
Why study physics?

• Required for major

• Find out how the world works

• Because it is FUN

Demonstrations
Topic overview

Mechanics
• Motion of macroscopic objects
• Forces, friction, circular motion
• Energy and momentum
• Motion of planets
• Rotational motion
• Oscillations and waves
• Fluids
Thermodynamics
Honda cog ad video
A few tools:

• SI system of units, unit conversions


• Scientific notation
• Prefixes: micro, milli, centi, kilo…
• Estimates

Please review on your own as needed.


See Ch. 1, Sec. 1.1-1.6
Basic math skills* required in this course

• Linear equations, systems of linear equations


• Quadratic equations
• Basic trigonometry: SOHCAHTOA, Pythagoras
• Calculus 1: derivatives/integrals

*Homework # 1
will help you review

• Vectors (will be covered in lecture 3)


Kinematics: Describing Motion
Consider object as point mass → only translation

Things to know about a moving object:


Where is it? ➔ Position

How fast is it moving and in which direction?


➔ Velocity

How do speed and direction of motion change?


➔ Acceleration
Position

• In reference to some coordinate system

• numerical value x

• x(t) is location of particle as a function of time

• Initial position: x0 = x(t0) *


* Does not mean x0 = 0
Showing position

With respect to a coordinate system:

x-axis with origin and a positive direction (arrow)

Mark position at certain times:


Position versus Time Graphs
Position versus Time Graphs
Displacement

Displacement = Change in position: *

* Change (upper case delta Δ) is the final


value of a quantity minus the initial value.

can be positive or negative ⟶ direction

Displacement is not the same as distance traveled!


Speed and velocity

“I am currently going at 25 mph”


= instantaneous speed

Together with information about


direction:
“I am currently going at 25 mph
North on Pine Street”
= instantaneous velocity

“I drove the 60 miles in one hour”


= average speed, distance per time
Average velocity

𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 ∆ 𝑥
𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝑣𝑒𝑙𝑜𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑦 =𝑣 𝑥 = =
𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑣𝑎𝑙 ∆𝑡

* The subscript is
unit: very important!

: object moves in the positive x-direction


: object moves in the negative x-direction
Average velocity and x-t graph

Average velocity
between t1 and t3:

In this example:
is negative.
Object moves to
smaller value of x.
Instantaneous velocity

∆ 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑣 𝑥 = lim =
∆𝑡 →0 ∆ 𝑡 𝑑𝑡
𝑑𝑥
𝑣 𝑥=
𝑑𝑡
Speedometer shows
absolute value
of instantaneous velocity

= speed

always positive
Direction of velocity

>0: object moves in the positive x-direction

<0: object moves in the negative x-direction


Acceleration

Acceleration: how fast velocity changes,


time rate of change of velocity
𝑑𝑣𝑥 2
𝑑 𝑥
𝑎𝑥 = =
𝑑𝑡 𝑑 𝑡
2

Slope of vs graph

Unit:

Acceleration produces change in velocity:


Signs of acceleration and velocity

If and thus

if >0 speed up if <0 slow down


Signs of acceleration and velocity

If and thus

if >0: slow down if <0: speed up


Motion diagrams

http://phet.colorado.edu/en/simulation/moving-man

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