PRESENTED BY Ankita Seth DEPERTMENT CSE

CLASS ROLL 016

REGISTRATION NO092360110006 ROLL NO09236001031

Modern man cannot live even for a day without the use of one or other of its invention. Software Development is the development of a software product. The term may be used to refer to the activity of computer Programming. In broader sense it includes All the conception of the desired software through to the final manifestation of the software, ideally in a planned and structured process. software Development may include research,new development, modification, reuse, re-engineering, maintenance, And other activities that result in software products. the three most common being to meet specific needs of a specific business(custom software), to meet a perceived need of some set of potential users (commercial & open source software), or for personal use (e.g. a scientist may write software to automate a mundane task) The need for better quality control Of the software development process has given rise to the discipline of software engineering,

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I take this opportunity to express our gratitude to Mr.Anirban Seth ,employer of INFOSYS , Holland for encouraging me to complete this difficult task. I am thankful to our respected communication class teacher Dr. Shiuli Sengupta , Senior lecturer, Greater Kolkata College of Engineering & Management . I am also thankful to Ms.Priyanka Patra ,M.Tech(IT),Bhaswati khasnabis, M.A(English) for encouraging me to complete this report writing,Greater Kolkata College Of Engineering & Management. My thanks is also due to my family members for their constant encouragement and enthusiasm time to time. Date April,2011 Ankita Seth

1. SUMMARY 2. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 3. INTRODUCTION 4.Software Development Process and Human Factor

4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5
4.6 4.7 4.8 4.9 4.10 4.11 4.12 4.13 4.14

Consistency in Software Marketing Software development activities Software Development Process Planning and Improving Software Development Process Using Simulation Use of GSD Industrial automaton Software Framework Software in the field of human life Software in the field of human life Software development in Medical Science Spatial Software Development Software development in computer technology. Disadvantages of software development

5. CONCLNUSION

6. REFERENCE

Every software development methodology framework acts as a basis for applying specific approaches to develop and maintain software. Several software development approaches have been used since the origin of information technology. These are: Waterfall: a linear framework Prototyping: an iterative framework Incremental: combined linear-iterative framework Spiral: a combined linear-iterative framework Rapid application development (RAD): an iterative framework Extreme programming . There are several different approaches to software development, much like the various views of political parties toward governing a country. Some take a more structured, engineering-based approach to developing business solutions, whereas others may take a more incremental approach, where software evolves as it is developed pieceby-piece. A software development process is a structure imposed on the development of a software product. Synonyms include software life cycle and software process. There are several models for such processes, each describing approaches to a variety of tasks or activities that take place during the process.

4.1 Consistency in Software:

To ensure that software can evolve in a way that maintains its inherent multidimensionality, one must ensure that the different dimensions evolve together in a consistent manner.Software has too many dimensions to combine within asingle framework, Not only do the different notations but they also do not interact hierarchically.A good mechanism should not be geared to a specific problem such as ensuring the Consistency of a UML class diagram with the source code. Instead it should be flexible enough to handle the broad rangeof dimensions that are actually involved in software development.

4.2 Marketing:
The sources of ideas for software products are legion.These ideas can come from market research including the Demographics of potential new customers, existing Customers, sales prospects who rejected the product, other Internal software development staff, or a creative third Party. Ideas for software products are usually first evaluated by marketing personnel for economic feasibility, for fit with existing channels distribution, for possible effects on existing product lines, required features, and for fit with the company's marketing objectives. In a marketing.Evaluatation generated by the marketing and Development staff, the project should be pursued further.

4.3 Software development activities:

4.3.1Planning----The important task in creating a software
product is extracting the requirements Once the general requirements are gathered from the client, an analysis of the scope of the development should be determined and clearly stated. This is often called a scope document.

4.3.2 Implementation, testing and documenting-Implementation

is the part of the process where software engineers actually program the code for the project. Software testing is an integral and important part of the software development process. This part of the process ensures that defects are recognized as early as possible. Documenting the internal design of software for the purpose of future maintenance and enhancement is done throughout development. This may also include the writing of an API, be it external or internal. It is very important to document everything in the project.

4.3.3 Deployment and maintenance---Deployment starts after

the code is appropriately tested, is approved for release and sold or otherwise distributed into a production environment. Software Training and Support is important and a lot of developers fail to realize that. It would not matter how much time and planning a development team puts into creating software if nobody in an organization ends up using it. People are often resistant to change and avoid venturing into an unfamiliar area, so as a part of the deployment phase, it is very important to have training classes for new clients of your software.

Maintaining and enhancing software to cope with newly discovered problems or new requirements can take far more time than the initial development of the software. It may be necessary to add code that does not fit the original design to correct an unforeseen problem or it may be that a customer is requesting more functionality and code can be added to accommodate their requests. Specifications are considered as most important in terms of need and requirement of users. This is an analytical stage where needs are defined which are required to be solved. After studying system developers of users note down the various points to be focused at the time of software development. Next is the Architectural analysis or theoretical representation of the software system. During this phase, the overall structure of the software is defined including its various nuances. A model of software development is prepared and it is now ready for coding. Coding is considered as the stage where design is reduced to code by way of various languages of computer programming. Languages are used as per the need of the particular applications. Next to coding is the stage of testing. During this process debugging is done which are dedicated at previous steps. Testing is done to make sure that coding is done perfectly and working together in harmony with other process. Thus, there are various stages involved in the software development process which when followed properly can create a unique software for your business.

4.4 Software development process :

A software development process is a framework imposed on the development of a software product. Synonyms include software life cycle and software process. There are several models for such processes, each describing approaches to a variety of tasks or activities that take place during the process . A largely growing body of software development organizations implement process methodologies. Many of them are in the defense industry, which in the U.S. requires a rating based on 'process models' to obtain contracts. The international standard describing the method to select, implement and monitor the life cycle for software is ISO .A decades-long goal has been to find repeatable, predictable processes that improve productivity and quality. Some try to systematize or formalize the seemingly unruly task of writing software. Others apply project management methods to writing software. Without project management, software projects can easily be delivered late or over budget. With large numbers of software projects not meeting their expectations in terms of functionality, cost, or delivery schedule, effective project management appears to be lacking.

4.5Planning and Improving Software Development Process Using Simulation:

Global software development (GSD) has become a dominant paradigm in the software industry. Almost 100 nations are now participating in GSD [6] expecting to gain benefits. 4.5.1 Communication Frequency---Several studies of software development projects found that informal, unplanned, and ad hoc communication is extremely important in supporting collaboration. Discussion with peers is the most used and valued coordination techniques . This indicates that teams with frequent communication among the members tend to coordinate better. Unfortunately, the distance between team members negatively affects the amount of communication. The IE sub-model will determine the relative frequency of communication when team members are at different sites compared to when they are at the same site. The relative communication frequency will positively impact the coordination efficiency.

4.6 USE OF Global software development-The GSD model can assist the project manager in planning. can also be used to forecast the staffing levels needed across time. It is designed to be flexible and expandable.

4.7 industrial automation It is the use of control systems

and information technologies to reduce the need for human work in the production of goods and services.In the scope of industrialization, automation is a step beyond mechanization.Whereas mechanization provided human operators with machinery to assist them with the muscular requirements of work, automation greatly decreases the need for human sensory and mental requirements as well.Automation plays an increasingly important role in the world economy and in daily experience.

4.8 Software Framework :

A software framework is a re-usable design for a software system or subsystem. A software framework may include support programs, code libraries, a scripting language, or other software to help develop and glue together the different components of a software project. Various parts of the framework may be exposed via an API. It seems to imply that this is something new, whereas what everyone else has done in the past is dumb aid. I think of the development of aid (the development of development?) as a kind of evolutionary process, in which we wouldnt be where we are today but for the workers that came before us. You know that statement of Newton: If I have seen a little further it is by standing on the shoulders of giants. I think that we need to thank even the people who have made huge mistakes in the past, because its only because of them that we arent making the same ones now . The idea of making lists of what constitutes smart aid seems to suggest that theres some kind of method or ideology of doing it right which we will eventually approach, or even arrive at. There are three reasons I believe this is selfdeceivingthough I too am wont to get enthusiastic about new solutions . Reason 1: Aid and development touches on every aspect of human life (food, gender, enterprise, finance, institutions, governance, corruption, catastrophes) and almost every variety of human circumstance. If we had a method for aid, wed have a method for living, andpace Marx and Fukayamasuch a method simply doesnt exist.

4.9 A Project Management Overview Of The XP Software Development:

A Project Management Overview Of The XP Software Development Methodology .This paper will discuss at a high-level how software development projects are run when implementing the extreme programming (XP) methodology, and explain during which step, XP covers the Project Management Institutes (PMI) process groups, and management knowledge areas (MKA) . After the XP process is discussed, XPs unique way of developing code, its documentation management, and user-centric approach are explained. Since XP is written as being easy to implement, a short discussion of where the real work occurs is included, then guidance on what types projects it is best to implement XP. A brief overview of agile methodologies (AM), of which XP is but one, is included first. Agile Methodologies .The characteristics of AM are that they the value of individuals and interaction over processes and tools, working software over comprehensive documentation, customer collaboration over contract negotiation, and responding to change over following a plan.

4.10 Software in the field of human life:

The need of software is versatile in these techno-savvy days. In each and every field of human life, software plays a big role. In fact, it originates from the needs and requirements of the users. Starting from understanding the basic requirements to the final testing and coding the process goes on. The main thing is analysis and understanding the specific purpose of desired software to make it more effective. Maximum number of users who use such software might not be aware of the steps and process involved in software development.These days are considered to be the days of outsourcing and many users for whom software is prepared might not be aware with its process of development. Having a basic knowledge of how software is made may prove to be useful for the business organizations that use and implement such software.A software development process is basically a structure imposed on the development of a software product.Process being a basic tool for carrying out community consensus and it facilitates very large number of people to work together on collaborative project. On the assumption and subject to infinite debate that a methodical approach to software development results in fewer defects and therefore, finally offers shorter delivery time and better value. The need of following and selecting a formal process for software development is to offer desired discipline to deliver a better quality product for success of business and to avoid wastage of money, time and demoralization in developers. Second is the analysis stage of specification. Specifications are considered as most important in terms of need and requirement of users. This is an analytical stage where needs are defined which are required to be solved. After studying system developers of users note down the various points to be focused at the time of software development.

4.11 Software development in medical science:

4.11.1 Clinical decision support : Helps medical professionals avoid
errors by providing them with safeguards such as checking a new prescription for drug to drug interactions and patient allergies. 4.11.2Electronic medical records :Manages data about the patient, their visit, and treatments performed. It is typically used as a replacement for a paper patient chart.

4.11.4 E-prescribing software :

Allows clinicians to send prescriptions electronically to pharmacies. It eliminates the task of trying to decipher handwritten prescriptions

4.11.5 Medical coding software :

Provides the tools necessary to write standardized information about a patient's condition(s) and the treatment that was provided. Medical codes are often used for medical billing software to calculate the payment due by the insurer or government agency.

4.11.6 Medication management software :

Focuses on how to deliver the appropriate medication(s) to patients based on their medical history, current best practices, medication list, and insurance provider.

4.11.7 Telemedicine :
Allows doctors to treat patients remotely Connected health helps remotely monitor and treat patients while they go about their daily routine. Remote monitoring can be used for early intervention for problems that may not have otherwise been seen until they cause a hospitalization.

4.12 Spatial Software Development -- is looking

for a smart, energetic developer to create web and mobile applications that incorporate location-based and geospatial technology. Knowledge of web standards and protocols, operating systems, and database systems is required.

4.13 Software development in computer technology :

As we know, the technology has been developed so well. Today, the most improved technology developments that have some significant impacts to the humans life would be the developments of the Computer Technology. As we could easily seen around us, there are so many kinds of things that used the computer as the operators. All things were computerized and automated. That would be something that couldnt be done in the past. The Computer Technology has reached the most sophisticated level ever. Somehow, there are many aspects of humans life that used the computers support. All things in the world have used the computers support.Lets take a look around us. We would be easily found that all things have been computerized. All aspect in the world has been using the service of the computer for a while. In fact, the Computer Technology has created a great improvement in many fields. In the healthy sector for example, the development of the technology has increased the level of the health treatments successful. Certainly, it has raised the hopes of some patients to be recovered from their illness.All of us should say thanks to the development of the computing technology. There are still so many other progresses that certainly brought some positive impacts for us.

4.14 Disadvantages of software development ::

Long Term Cost Advantage under Threat The 1:3 cost advantage of Indian Offshore Development is starting to erode and is moving increasingly towards a 1:1.5 advantage. Many are questioning if the increased management overheads, aggravation and the risks detailed below are just to great relative to the potential cost saving. Furthermore, onsite development resource rates have been falling in the UK and US as IT professionals adapt and respond to this offshore threat to their livelihoods. Some of my colleagues are saying Why not Poland or Latvia? For many Eastern Europe have already become more compelling than India as the Indian cost advantage erodes. For example in the US ADP, the largest U.S. payroll services provider has 45,000 employees worldwide, of which only 2,500 are in India. It has around 1,000 workers in El Paso, Texas, its expanding a location in Augusta, Ga., and its opening a facility in Jackson, Mississippi. Its also growing a location in Halifax, Canada. ADP isnt moving its workforce to India its hedging its bets geographically. On a recent earnings call, ADPs chief executive used terms such as smartshoring, and nearshoring to describe the strategy. The pure labour arbitrage equation seems no longer to balance.

Software Development Process is a human-centered activity. This fact highlights the impact of human factors on the development process and performance from different perspectives. This thesis project aims to identify and characterize human factors influencing the software development process from development lifecycle and software management perspectives. Despite of the human factors impact on software development process and its level of success/failure, there has not been enough focus by primary study researchers on the area. Human factors have been overlooked in late phases of development process as well as software engineering management. In contrast with all other areas of business which their highest concern is the customer, among the inspected papers this role has been overlooked by researchers. As transferring from preplanned to agile development process, there will be more Interpersonal level of human factors involved that has not been addressed well by researchers so far. It is important to make technology decisions at the right time and for the right reasons. Good business decisions provide good people with appropriate supporting tools so they can produce good products. When it comes to software development, dealing with tough language issues head-on is one requirement for todays visionary manager. When combined with other software engineering considerations, a good language decision can support the development of cost-effective software systems that, in turn, provide valuable, reliable business support.

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1 .http://www.bitpipe.com/tlist/ApplicationDevelopment.html
2 .http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Software _development 3. McKenzie Merle ,Tausworthe Robert C., Model of

he software development process

PEARSON,(1986). 4.Tarek Abdel -Hamid, The dynamics of

software development project management, MIT Press (1984).

5. Boehm Barry W.Software Engineering Economics, Prentice-Hall, (2002). 6. Thayer Richard H. , Major issues in software engineering project managementTATA McGRAW-HILL(1981).