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Chapter 15 Balancing

Forces multiply as engine RPM increase balancing engines for smoother engine operation and longevity. Balancing engines consists of Weighing connecting rods, piston assemblies, rod journals, oil, piston rings, locks and Reducing reciprocating weights.

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Hardeepsinh G Rana
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200 views

Chapter 15 Balancing

Forces multiply as engine RPM increase balancing engines for smoother engine operation and longevity. Balancing engines consists of Weighing connecting rods, piston assemblies, rod journals, oil, piston rings, locks and Reducing reciprocating weights.

Uploaded by

Hardeepsinh G Rana
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Balancing engines For smoother engine operation & longevity Forces multiply as engine RPM increase

Copyright 2003 Gary Lewis Dave Capitolo

Balancing engines First step in diagnosing engine vibration Isolate engine mounts/insulators

Balancing engines Weight groups for balancing Rotating weights Housing bore end of rods Rod journals Rod bearings Oil Reciprocating weights Pistons, pins, rings, locks Pin end of rods

Balancing engines Weighing connecting rods Record rotating weight of rod Record reciprocating weight of rod

Balancing engines Weighing piston assemblies Record weight of . . . Piston Pin Ring set Locks

Balancing engines Balancing connecting rods Equalize the housing bore end of the rods first Equalize the pin end of the rods

Balancing engines Balancing piston assemblies Reduce piston assembly weights from . . . Pin Piston or . .

Balancing engines Vibration forces in 4 cyl. in-line Primary vibration Up and down vibration Counterweights used to cancel Secondary vibration Differences in acceleration rates Balance shafts used to counteract

Balancing engines In-line crankshaft design Counterweights are equal in force to crank pins (Primary vibration) If rotating weights are the same, they cancel each other in in-line 6 cyl engines

Balancing engines 4 cylinder in-line crankshaft design Reciprocating forces do not completely cancel Acceleration is greater as the piston passes TDC and starts down Balance shafts can counteract these forces

Balancing engines 4 cylinder in-line unbalanced forces Pistons reach max velocity at 70 to 75 ATDC (When connecting rod is 90 to crankpin) Peak acceleration is between TDC and max velocity Force is acceleration times reciprocating weight

Balancing engines 4 cylinder in-line crankshaft design (cont.) Unbalanced forces are minimized by . . . Reducing reciprocating weights Shorter stroke Longer connecting rods

Balancing engines 6 cylinder in-line crankshaft design If reciprocating forces are equal, they cancel each other

Balancing engines V-block crankshaft design Counterweights are equal in force to . . . Rotating weight at crankpins plus a Percentage of the reciprocating weight Percentage of reciprocating weight in counterweight design, varies with the amount that the forces cancel between cylinders

Balancing engines V-block crankshaft design V-6 engines have rocking couples Greater in 90 V-blocks than 60 Even firing V-6 engines Reciprocating weights do not cancel Counterweights do not fully compensate

Balancing engines Externally balanced engines Weights added to outside of crankshaft Limited room for counterweights in crankcase Can be converted to internal using heavy metal

Balancing engines Balance specifications A balanced engine has . . . -Reciprocating forces that cancel -Wobble that does not exceed oil clearance, 6 grams or less at 1 radius for computerized balancers

Balancing engines Balancing procedure Record piston weights and lighten heavy pistons to match lighter pistons Equalize rotating weights Equalize reciprocating weights

Balancing engines Balancing procedure Crankshafts are dynamically balanced in 2 planes to eliminate wobble Corrections are made to the end counterweights

Balancing engines Balancing procedure Dimensions needed: Radius from center to counterweights Distance between counterweights Distance between counterweight and support

Balancing engines Balancing procedure Balancing equipment locates point of correction Weight is either added to one side or removed from the other Amount varies with the radius

Balancing engines Balancing procedure In-line engines do not require bob weights V-block engines use bob weights

Balancing engines Balancing procedure Bob weight calculations


V8 engines 60 V6 engines 90 odd-fire V6 engines 90 even fire V6 engines 90 V6 engines w/ 18 splayed crankshaft V6 engines with balance shaft 100% rotate, 50% recip 100% rotate, 50% recip 100% rotate, 50% recip 100% rotate, 36.6% recip 100% rotate, 46% recip 100% rotate, 50% recip

Balancing engines Flywheels and clutches Add to flywheel and balancer to balanced crankshaft Then add pressure plate Mark assembly with punch

Balancing engines Torque converter warning Chrysler 360 with cast crankshafts Externally balanced by adding weight to converter If special tools are not available, do not balance crankshaft Mark assembly with punch

Balancing engines Balancing with heavy metals (no, not Metallica) Holes filled with Tungsten alloy For external to internal change Expensive for conventional balancing

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