Expert Systems: An Introduction To Some of The Applications of Expert System
Expert Systems: An Introduction To Some of The Applications of Expert System
PRESENTATION GROUP
RAJKUMAR SINGH VIKAS KUMAR MADHWENDRA K. JAISWAL KUNWAR SINGH SAURABH KUMAR MOHD ASIF VAISHNAVESH K. SHUKLA (10MCA061) (10MCA060) (10MCA056) (10MCA058) (10MCA59) (10MCA057) (10MCA065)
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Expert Systems
What is an Expert System
An intelligent computer program that uses knowledge and inference procedures to solve problems that are difficult enough to require human expertise for their solutions. - Professor Edward Feigenbaum, Stanford
Expert Systems
What is an Expert System
An experts knowledge is specific to one problem domain. A problem domain is medicine, science, engineering, etc. The experts knowledge about solving specific problems is called the knowledge domain. Knowledge is represented in an expert system as rules. In the knowledge domain that it knows about, the expert system reasons or makes inferences to produce the solution of a problem.
Expert Systems
Components of an Expert System
Expert Systems
Why Use Expert System
Experts are not always available. An expert system can be used anywhere, any time. Human experts are not 100% reliable or consistent Experts may not be good at explaining decisions Cost effective
Expert Systems
Problems With Expert System
Limited domain Systems are not always up to date, and dont learn No common sense Experts needed to setup and maintain system
Expert Systems
Applications Of Expert System
Expert Systems
Applications Of Expert System
Expert Systems
Applications Of Expert System
MYCIN: Medical system for diagnosing blood disorders. First used in 1979
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Expert Systems
Applications Of Expert System
DENDRAL: Used to identify the structure of chemical compounds. First used in 1965
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Expert Systems
Applications Of Expert System
R1(XCON)(1980)
One of the first commercially successful expert system. Developed By John McDermott from Carnegie Mellon University (CMU).
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Expert Systems
R1(XCON) Expert System
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Expert Systems
R1(XCON) Expert System
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Expert Systems
R1(XCON) Expert System
Inference Engine
Forward chaining
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Expert Systems
R1(XCON) Expert System
Inference Engine
Forward chaining
Results Better quality of solutions Ten times faster estimated savings $25 million/year
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Expert Systems
R1(XCON) Expert System
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Expert Systems
R1(XCON) Expert System
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Expert Systems
Applications Of Expert System
MYCIN (1970)
MYCIN is one of the most widely known expert system applications. Developed at Stanford University, By Bruce G Buchanan and Edward H Shortliffe.
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Expert Systems
MYCIN Expert System
Domain of MYCIN
Diagnosing bacterial infections of blood. Tracks down the organism causing the infection and prescribes a treatment.
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Expert Systems
MYCIN Expert System
Domain of MYCIN
Diagnosing bacterial infections of blood. Tracks down the organism causing the infection and prescribes a treatment.
Target USERS
Physicians, Medical Students, Paramedics.
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Expert Systems
MYCIN Expert System Working of MYCIN The application is text-based and asks several questions requiring input. The first three questions request a patients background information Then several questions to identify the significance of the infecting organism After about 50-60 questions, MYCIN prints the diagnostic hypotheses on which the therapy and antibiotics will be based off of.
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Expert Systems
MYCIN Expert System Working of MYCIN MYCIN proceed through each rule, determining if the rule is false or true, and then will go onto the next rule. At the end of the consultation, all the answers will be compiled to discover which drugs should be selected.
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Expert Systems
MYCIN Expert System Despite the successful validation, MYCIN continues to be an academic system. Reasons: Partly, in the medical domain one hesitates to entrust the task of diagnosis to a machine - the risks are too high. Secondly, the question of accountability arises. Who is to be blamed if the system makes a wrong diagnosis and the patient suffers because of that. MYCIN's domain includes only bacterial blood infections, which is a very small part of medical field.
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Conclusion
Its Over! Expert Systems are a practical application of AI that has a deep past that draws from the work of many people. Early expert systems were expensive and difficult to build. With the advent of expert system tools like clips, expert systems can be built for much less cost and in less time. Procedural based programming languages like Java RULE!
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References
Its Over! http://www.google.com
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