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Chap5 1 Kennedy

Kennedy's theory from 1895 provides a method for designing irrigation channels to remain free from silting and scouring. The theory states that channels should be designed with a mean flow velocity equal to the critical velocity, which is calculated as 0.55 times the depth to the power of 0.64. Kennedy later modified the equation to account for different bed materials by introducing a critical velocity ratio term. The theory provides procedures for channel design given various input parameters like discharge, bed slope, roughness, and critical velocity ratio. Shortcomings include it being an iterative process and not specifying the channel shape in advance.

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Darya Memon
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2K views15 pages

Chap5 1 Kennedy

Kennedy's theory from 1895 provides a method for designing irrigation channels to remain free from silting and scouring. The theory states that channels should be designed with a mean flow velocity equal to the critical velocity, which is calculated as 0.55 times the depth to the power of 0.64. Kennedy later modified the equation to account for different bed materials by introducing a critical velocity ratio term. The theory provides procedures for channel design given various input parameters like discharge, bed slope, roughness, and critical velocity ratio. Shortcomings include it being an iterative process and not specifying the channel shape in advance.

Uploaded by

Darya Memon
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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DESIGN OF HYDRAULIC STRUCTURES

Ashfaque Ahmed Memon


Department of Civil Engineering
ALLUVIAL CHANNEL DESIGN
KENNEDYS THEORY
R. G. Kennedy 1895
Non-silting non-scouring reaches for 30 years in Upper Bari
Doab Canal (UBDC) system.
Vertical eddies generated from the bed are responsible for
keeping silt in suspension.
Critical velocity
Mean velocity which keeps the channel free from silting and
scouring.
V
o
= 0.55 D
0.64

or V
o
= C D
n

where, V
o
= critical velocity, D = depth of water
C = constant and n = index number
Later on realizing the channel material (sandy silt in
UBDC) he modified the equation as
V
o
= 0.55 m D
0.64

where,
V = actual velocity; and
m = C.V.R = critical velocity ratio = V/V
o

m = 1.1 1.2 coarser sand
m = 0.7 0.9 finer sand
m = 0.75 Sindh canals
Values of C and m for various grades of silt
Type of silt grade C m
Coarser silt 0.7 1.3
Sandy loam silt 0.65 1.2
Coarse light sandy silt 0.59 1.1
Light sandy silt 0.53 1.0
Rugosity coefficient
Kennedy used Kutters equation for determining the mean velocity of
flow in the channel
Where N depends upon the boundary material
Channel condition N
Very good 0.0225
Good 0.025
Indifferent 0.0275
Poor 0.03
Discharge (cumec) N (in ordinary soil)
14 140 0.025
140 280 0.0225
> 280 0.02
RS
R
N
S
S N
V

,
_

+ +
+ +

00155 . 0
23 1
00155 . 0 1
23
Water Surface Slope
No relationship by Kennedy.
Governed by available ground slope.
Different sections for different slopes.
Woods normal design table for B/D ratio.
Silt Carrying Capacity of Channel
Q
t
= K B V
o
0.25
where
Q
t
= total quantity of silt transported
B = bed width
V
o
= critical velocity
K = constant, whose value was not determined by
Kennedy
Design Procedure
Case I : Given Q, N, m and S (from L-section)
1. Assume D
2. Calculate velocity from Kennedys equation, V
K
= 0.55 m
D
0.64

3. Calculate area, A = Q / V
K

4. Calculate B from A = B D + z D
2
; assume side slope 1(V) :
(H), if not given.
5. Calculate wetted perimeter and hydraulic mean depth
from;
6. Determine mean velocity from Chezys equation, V
c
=C
(RS)
if V
c
= V
k
then O.K.
otherwise repeat the above procedure with another value
of D until V
c
= V
k.

Note: increse D if V
k
< V
c

decrease D if V
k
> V
c

D B P 5 +
D B
D BD
P
A
R
5
5 . 0
2
+
+

Case II : Given Q, N, m and B/D
1. Determine A in terms of D
let B/D = y
therefore, B = y D
2. Substitute eq. (1) and kennedys equation into continuity equation and
solve for D, i.e.
Q = A V
3. Knowing D, calculate B and R
B = y D
4. Determine V from Kennedys equation
V = 0.55 m D
0.64

5. Determine slope from Kutters equation by trial and error
2 2 2
5 . 0 5 . 0 D yD D BD A + +
) 1 ( ) 5 . 0 (
2
+ y D A
) 55 . 0 ).( 5 . 0 (
64 . 0 2
mD y D Q +
( )
64 . 2 1
5 . 0 55 . 0
1
]
1

+

y m
Q
D
D B
D BD
R
5
5 . 0
2
+
+

Problem:
Design an irrigation channel for the following data using
Kennedys theory:
Full Supply Discharge (F.S.Q) = 14.16 cumec
Slope, S = 1/5000
Kutters rugosity coefficient, N = 0.0225
Critical velocity ratio, m =1
Side slope, z =
Solution:
1. Assume D = 1.72 m
2. V
k
= 0.55 m D
0.64
=0.55(1)(1.72)
0.64
= 0.778 m
3. A = Q/V
k
= 14.16/0.778 = 18.2 m
2

4. A = B D + 0.5 D
2
for z =1/2 or 0.5
18.2 = 1.72 B + 0.5(1.72)
2

B = 9.72 m
5.
R = A / P = 18.2 / 13.566 = 1.342 m
6.
V
c
= 0.771 m
0.778 m
Result:
B = 9.72 m
D = 1.72 m
m 566 . 13 ) 72 . 1 ( 5 72 . 9 5 + + D B P
RS
R
N
S
S N
V
c

,
_

+ +
+ +

00155 . 0
23 1
00155 . 0 1
23
( ) 5000 1 342 . 1
342 . 1
0225 . 0
5000 1
00155 . 0
23 1
5000 1
00155 . 0
0225 . 0
1
23

,
_

+ +
+ +

c
V
Problem:
Using Kennedys theory design an irrigation channel to carry
a discharge of 56.63 cumec. Assume N = 0.0225, m = 1.03
and B/D = 11.3.
Solution:
1. B/D = 11.3, therefore B = 11.3 D
A = B D + 0.5 D
2
=11.3 D
2
+ 0.5 D
2
= 11.8 D
2

2. V = 0.55 m D
0.64
= 0.55 (1.03) D
0.64
= 0.5665 D
0.64

3. Q = A V
56.63 = (11.8 D
2
) (0.5665 D
0.64
)
D = 2.25 m
4. B = 11.3 (2.25) = 25.43 m
5. R = A / P
A = B D + 0.5 D
2
= (25.43)(2.25) + 0.5 (2.25)
2
= 59.75 m
2

P = B + 5 D = 25.43 + 5 (2.25) = 30.46 m
R = 59.75 / 30.46 = 1.96 m
6. V = 0.55 m D
0.64
= 0.55 (1.03) (2.25)
0.64
= 0.95 m/sec

7.
Simplifying, we get;
67.44 S
3/2
0.93 S + 1.55x10
-3
S
1/2
= 1.68x10
5
Solving by trial and error, we get
S = 1 in 5720
Results:
B = 25.43 m
D = 2.25 m
S = 1 / 5720
RS
R
N
S
S N
V

,
_

+ +
+ +

00155 . 0
23 1
00155 . 0 1
23
S
S
S
) 96 . 1 (
96 . 1
0225 . 0 00155 . 0
23 1
00155 . 0
0225 . 0
1
23
95 . 0

,
_

+ +
+ +

Problem:
Design a section by Kennedys theory, given B/D = 5.7, S = 1/5000
and N = 0.0225. Also determine the discharge carried by the
channel.
Solution:
B/D = 5.7, B = 5.7 D
Assuming z =
Since V = 0.55 m D
0.64

Assuming m =1
V = 0.55 D
0.64
---------- (1)
Also
D
D
D
D D
D D
D B
D BD
R 78 . 0
94 . 7
2 . 6
5 7 . 5
5 . 0 7 . 5
5
5 . 0
2 2 2 2

+
+

+
+

RS
R
N
S
S N
V

,
_

+ +
+ +

00155 . 0
23 1
00155 . 0 1
23
( ) ( ) 2
783 . 0
939 . 0
5000 1 78 . 0
78 . 0
0225 . 0
5000 1
00155 . 0
23 1
5000 1
00155 . 0
0225 . 0
1
23

+

,
_

+ +
+ +

D
D
D
D
V
Equating equation (1) and (2)
0.55 D
1.14
0.939 D + 0.43 D
0.64
= 0
By trial and error
D = 2.1 m
B = 5.7 x 2.1 = 11.97 m
A = B D + z D
2
= (11.97 x 2.1) + 0.5 (2.1)
2
= 14.175 m
2

V = 0.55 (2.1)
0.64
= 0.884 m/sec
Q = A V = (14,175)(0.884) = 12.53 m
3
/sec.
Results:
B = 11.97 m
D = 2.1 m
Q = 12.53 cumec
D
D
D
+

783 . 0
939 . 0
55 . 0
64 . 0
Shortcomings of Kennedys theory
1. The method involves trial and error.
2. Shape of section i.e. B/D is not known in
advance.
3. Kutters equation is used instead of
Mannings equation. Therefore limitations of
Kutters formula are also incorporated in
Kennedys theory. Moreover it involves more
computations.

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