THE CLOUD

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4/29/12

 Cloud Computing So What ???

In August 2009, ABI Research released a report that said mobile cloud computing subscribers would total nearly one billion by 2014.

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Trends and Need for Cloud Computing

Cost Perspective of IT department IT budget rationalization Data Center Consolidations Capital Spend reductions

Seamless Collaborations Most of the applications are designed for One to One collaborations Usage trends of Web Services accessibility and Rich Internet Applications (RIAs) like Flash etc. Other obvious trends like multi-tenancy , Parallelizations etc are already essential for Cloud. 4/29/12

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Cloud Computing Initials

Network Computers was first coined by Sun Microsystems in 1982 Grid Computing and On Demand computing through ASP model was in vogue in 1990s Today Cloud Computing is hot in demand due to potential IT stacks of hardware virtualizations , One to Many Architecture, and Pay as you go Utility Models Cloud Computing is a general term used to describe a new class of network based computing that takes place 4/29/12 over the Internet, basically a step on from

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Cloud Computing Definitions

Cloud computing is a model for enabling convenient, on-demand network access to a shared pool of configurable computing resources (e.g., networks, servers, storage, applications, and services) that can be rapidly provisioned and released with minimal management effort or service provider interaction (Source: NIST Cloud Computing Project*)
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Cloud Computing A brief

Cloud computing is an umbrella term used to refer to Internet based development and services. A number of characteristics define cloud data, applications services and infrastructure:

Remotely hosted: Services or data are hosted on remote infrastructure. Ubiquitous: Services or data are available from anywhere. Commodified: The result is a utility computing model similar to traditional that of traditional utilities, like gas and electricity - you pay for what you would want!

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Some Essentials of Cloud Computing

Key to these characteristics introduced here is the concept of multi-tenancythe idea that many different applications, users, and even businesses may take advantage of the resources being used, as follows:

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On-demand self-service: A consumer can unilaterally provision 4/29/12 computing capabilities, such as

Some Essentials for Cloud Computing

Resource pooling: The provider's computing resources are pooled to serve multiple consumers using a multitenant model, with different physical and virtual resources dynamically assigned and reassigned according to consumer demand. There is a sense of location independence in that the customer generally has no control or knowledge over the exact location of the provided resources but may be able to specify location at a higher level of abstraction (e.g., country, state, or data center). Examples of resources include storage, processing, memory, network bandwidth, and virtual machines. Rapid elasticity: Capabilities can be rapidly and elastically provisioned, in some cases automatically, to quickly scale out and rapidly released to quickly scale in. To the consumer, the capabilities available for provisioning often appear to be unlimited and can be purchased in any quantity at any time. Measured service: Cloud systems automatically control and optimize resource use by leveraging a metering capability at some level of abstraction appropriate to the type of service (e.g., storage, processing, 4/29/12 Praveen Choudhary bandwidth, and active user accounts). Resource usage can be monitored,

Reference Architecture for Cloud

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4/29/12

Cloud Computing Service Layers

Services Services Application Focused Application Development Platform Infrastructure Focused Storage Hosting
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Description
Services Complete business services such as PayPal, OpenID, OAuth, Google Maps, Alexa Application Cloud based software that eliminates the need for local installation such as Google Apps, Microsoft Online Development Software development platforms used to build custom cloud based applications (PAAS & SAAS) such as SalesForce Platform Cloud based platforms, typically provided using virtualization, such as Amazon ECC, Sun Grid Storage Data storage or cloud based NAS such as CTERA, iDisk, CloudNAS Hosting Physical data centers such as those run by IBM, HP, NaviSite, etc.

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Typical Cloud Architecture

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How to Set up Application Architecture as per Cloud Requirements

Initial Simplicity of Design : start simple and improve efficiencies upon greater traction. Some common design techniques to improve performance/efficiencies include caching, server affinity, multi-threading and tight sharing of data, but they all make it more difficult to distribute your application across many servers. Split application functions and couple loosely: Use separate systems for different pieces of application functionality and avoid synchronous connections between them. Again, as demand grows, you can scale each one independently instead of having to scale the entire application 4/29/12

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Application Architecture as per Cloud Requirements

Clustering: Rather than scale a single system up to serve all users, consider splitting your system into multiple smaller clusters, each serving a fraction of the application load. This is often called sharding and many web services can be split up along one dimension, often users or account. Requests can then be directed to the appropriate cluster based on some request attribute or users can be redirected to a specific cluster at login. Cluster Sizing : To deploy a clustered system, determine the right collection of servers that yield efficient application performance, taking any needed functional redundancy into account; for example, 2 4/29/12

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Types of Cloud currently in practice

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The Cloud Pioneers

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Types of Cloud Services Providers

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Cloud Sourcing

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Cloud Sourcing
Why is it becoming a Big Deal:
Using high-scale/low-cost providers, Any time/place access via web browser, Rapid scalability; incremental cost and load sharing, Can forget need to focus on local IT. Performance, reliability, and SLAs, Control of data, and service parameters, Application features and choices, Interaction between Cloud providers, No standard API mix of SOAP and REST! Privacy, security, compliance, trust

Concerns:

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Some Commercial Cloud Offerings

Problem: Commercial offerings are proprietary and usually 4/29/12 not open for cloud systems research and development Praveen Choudhary

Cloud Storage
Several large Web companies (such as Amazon and Google) are now exploiting the fact that they have data storage capacity that can be hired out to others. This approach, known as cloud storage allows data stored remotely to be temporarily cached on desktop computers, mobile phones or other Internet-linked devices. 4/29/12 Amazons Elastic Compute Cloud

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Cloud Storage Services

Unlimited Storage. Using the same scalable, reliable, fast infrastructure that Amazon uses. Pay for what you use:
$0.20 per GByte of data transferred, $0.15 per GByte-Month for storage used, Second Life Update: 1TBytes, 40,000 downloads in 24 hours $200

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Current Major Service Providers SFD Platform

Cloud Players their current Products/Services Situation Summary

Services Provided Strengths Weaknesses Earlier a CRM specialist , VM Data centre for Complex to use now has over 70000 apps Programming interface, dev. Multi tenancy Architecture Provides Tools for Dev and Good IDE Env. deployment of Web applications to Google Infra Rich Desktop Env., Integrated Dev Env. With Cloud Very powerful for dev community , well integrated with MS suites Linked to Google only

Google Engg.

Window Azure

Complex to use

Amazon Cloud

Elastic Compute, Simple Pay as Use Model , Ease No IDE Support, Storage Services , Simple of use Limited SLAs , New to Queue Service , Simple DB market No Direct Access to Google , No SLAs

Google Apps Ease of use and 4/29/12 Series of Google Praveen Choudhary Applications that are easy flexibility

E.g. : Amazon Web Services

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E.g. : Amazon Storage Services

S3 - Simple Storage Service CloudFfront EC2 - Elastic Compute Cloud SQS - Simple Queue Service Premium Support: - SimpleDB, - Elastic MapReduce, - Mechanical Turk, - Workflow System.

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E.g. Amazon Simple Storage Service (S3)

Flexible Download Protocol: Implementations of the WS already made:
NS3 Manager:
.NET Based, Core Lib available for MS Build Tasks.

HTTP, BitTorrent.

S3sync
Ruby Based, Works similar to rsync (for those familiar).

S3Fox
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Firefox extension (if you use Firefox!). 4/29/12 Jungle Disk (and other 3rd

party ones):

E.g. :Amazon Utility Computing EC2

Started in 2006:
Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (EC2):
Elastic, marshal 1 to 100+ PCs via WS, Machine Specs, Fairly cheap!

Powered by Xen a Virtual Machine:

Different from Vmware and VPC as uses para-virtualization where the guest OS is modified to use special hyper-calls:
High performance!

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Hardware contributions by Intel (VTx/Vanderpool) and AMD (AMD-V). 4/29/12 Supports Live Migration of a virtual

 Hadoop: Java Framework. Hadoop is a software framework that Data Intensive enables distributed manipulation of large distributed applications. Amazon EC2 + Amazon amounts of data. But Hadoop does this in a way that S3. Use cases: makes it reliable, efficient, and scalable. Web Indexing. Hadoop is efficient because it works on Data Mining. the principle of parallelisation, Machine Learning. allowing Financial Analysis. data to process in parallel to increase Scientific the processing speed. Simulation. Hadoop is also scalable, permitting operations on petabytes of data.

E.g. : Amazon Elastic MapReduce

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What CIOs are doing due to Cloud Advent

Adopting a Right Cloud Strategies possibly a Hybrid and Private Cloud Strategies Take Data and Batch Intensive applications to the cloud Target right End Users for Cloud Take small steps to private clouds Software Dev and Testing could be send to Cloud easily (Collabnet SOASTA etc.) Research and Development Projects across multiple locations and Geos Desktop Productivity tools and DR BCP requirements to the Cloud Utilizing Clouds for Peak Load Demands

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4/29/12

Why CEOs are listening to the Cloud Strategy of their CIOs

Faster and Better Interactions

Flexibility and CAPEX to OPEX of IT Spends

Improved Worker Productivities

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CIO Challenges for Cloud Env.

How to migrate to Hybrid Environments

How to maintain Service Quality How to Manage the Data Issues How to manage the Integrity Issues

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4/29/12

Other Generic Challenges to Cloud Computing

In parallel there has been backlash against cloud computing:
Use of cloud computing means dependence on others and that could possibly limit flexibility and innovation:
The others are likely become the bigger Internet companies like Google and IBM, who may monopolise the market. Some argue that this use of supercomputers is a return to the time of mainframe computing that the PC was a reaction against.

Security could prove to be a big issue:

It is still unclear how safe out-sourced data is and when using these services ownership of data is not always clear.

There are also issues relating to policy and access:

If your data is stored abroad whose FOI policy do you adhere to? What happens if the remote server goes down? 4/29/12 How will you then access files? Praveen Choudhary There have been cases of users being locked out of accounts and losing

Benefits of Cloud Computing

At a high level the benefits of cloud services can be categorized as:
Agility : Scaling up or down with cloud services does not usually require additional hardware or software. Cloud services offer minimal setup time, minimal time to scale, and less cash outlay. This is because as a business model, cloud service providers generally host massively scaled systems' capacity that can be switched on upon request.

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Business focus : cloud services can enable businesses to gather information, ideas, feedback and so forth from a much wider set of sources (such as customers, partners) than was ever possible by traditional means. This approach is known as crowd-sourcing. 4/29/12

Benefits of Cloud Computing contd.

Cost and budget control : Cloud allows having flexibility of where to spend OpEx versus CapEx enables an organization to better manage expenditure such that the costs occur over time rather than in one big lump sum, which enables for better cash-flow management.

Green IT : Green IT illustrates the significant costs borne by many organizations. The operational costs associated with building and maintaining data centers and with scaling power, cooling, and even basic hardware requirements are significant. Over time business workloads fluctuate and data centers are often left fully powered on, o whether the infrastructure is used.

Scalability and Capacity Management : Cloud computing promises the capability to scale massively in terms of systems, connections, bandwidth, storage, and more on an almost immediate basis. The converse is also important, where the service will shrink back down just as quickly if the need is no longer there

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Benefits of Cloud Computing contd.

Governance and compliance : Sourcing specific, metered services from cloud service providers that specifically match governance models allows for better reporting, more accurate alignment between service usage and fluctuations in business workflow, and ultimately, faster time to market. This also brings up the need for a service catalog and related management tools to ensure usage matches expectations.

Isolation : Fundamental for any type of cloud provider is the requirement to offer isolation at each level of service exposure to their cloud users. This may be the infrastructure, platform, or software applications. In addition, APIs and management tools must also ensure that isolation exists in terms of identity management and access models, key management and encryption, and user 4/29/12 interfaces. Praveen Choudhary

Benefits of Cloud Computing contd.

Optimized infrastructure : Multi-tenancy can occur at any or all levels of the architecture, as follows:

Virtual layer: Virtualization provides the ability to create specific environments for each process, application, or operating system. This model isolates everything above the virtual layer itself but allows for the use of pooled resources below that layer, most commonly hardware such as networking, processor, memory, input/output, and storage resources.

Application layer: The user interfaces of most web applications allow for specific fixed graphical and behavioral elements alongside customized elements associated with a specific organization, individual, or function. If one component or functional element fails in the delivery of the interface, it is easier to replace because those elements derived from other parts of the application and can be easily reconstructed.

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Database layer: Data for multiple applications, through to multiple

Cloud Computing future summary

Key points to consider from this discussions are

The cloud services market is developing at a rate faster than most other technology and business models. Cloud services are changing business models and industries and are creating new opportunities for all.
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Praveen Choudhary

There are many definitions of cloud

THANKS

Praveen Choudhary

4/29/12