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SWAS

This document discusses a steam water analysis system (SWAS) that monitors various parameters of water and steam in power plants. The SWAS measures chemical constituents like sodium, silica, dissolved oxygen, pH, hydrazine and conductivity to ensure steam and water meet purity limits. It helps diagnose failures and determine their causes by recording concentration data. The SWAS samples steam and water at various locations using racks and measures parameters electrochemically or through other methods. It helps optimize plant performance and prevent issues like corrosion, deposition and unbalanced mass on turbine blades caused by impurities in steam.

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Sam
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
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Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
497 views

SWAS

This document discusses a steam water analysis system (SWAS) that monitors various parameters of water and steam in power plants. The SWAS measures chemical constituents like sodium, silica, dissolved oxygen, pH, hydrazine and conductivity to ensure steam and water meet purity limits. It helps diagnose failures and determine their causes by recording concentration data. The SWAS samples steam and water at various locations using racks and measures parameters electrochemically or through other methods. It helps optimize plant performance and prevent issues like corrosion, deposition and unbalanced mass on turbine blades caused by impurities in steam.

Uploaded by

Sam
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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STEAM WATER ANALYSIS SYSTEM

- gaurav sedwal

SWAS
Instruments monitoring the chemical

regimes and combustion


WATER/STEAM ANALYZER

GAS ANALYZER SMOKE MONITORS

NEED OF TIME
GENERATION COST UNIT SIZE LAST STAGE BLADE SIZE(33 inches) DEPOSITION

WHAT DOES DEPOSITION DO ON TURBINE BLADES?

Unbalance of rotating mass causing vibration problems


Loss of aerodynamic efficiency

Corrosion leading to metal failure

The fraction of boiler impurities in steam is a exponential function of the steam density which in turn increases with high pressure at which the boiler operates.

Concentration of these deposits causes much problems in the regions of the turbine where pressure and temperature have fallen much below the level than at which they were introduced inside the turbine.

SOURCE OF IMPURITY

Condenser leak
Contaminated faulty water caused by faulty de-mineralization Contaminated water in the steam-drain recovery system Corrosion products from an improperly treated feed system

TYPES OF IMPURITY

STEAM PURITY LIMITS

WHY SWAS ?

It measures whether water and steam meet prescribed chemical limits Keeps track of performance of individual part of the plant. Early diagnosis of failure Determine cause of failure from recorded data of various constituent concentrations.

LOCATION OF PRINCIPAL SAMPLING & DOSING POINTS

SAMPLING SYSTEM primary rack

SAMPLING SYSTEM secondary rack

WET PANEL VIEW

DRY PANEL

MEASUREMENT PARAMETERS
SODIUM
SILICA DISSOLVED OXYGEN

Ph
HYDRAZINE CONDUCTIVITY

SODIUM
SOLUBLE
SENSITIVE MEASUREMENT CONDENSER LEAKAGE NaOH, NaCL

[ Na steam ] + [ Na water ] _ -VE VALUE IS ALARMING

PH METER

Na IN PPB

VOLTAGE REFERENCE ELECTRODE SODIUM ION ELECTRODE

SAMPLE

ELECTROCHEMICAL METHOD

SILICA
SiO2 - MAIN CONSTITUENT OF SANDY SOIL
OPERATING PR,TEMP

SOLUBILITY REMOVAL THROUGH BLOW DOWN ONLY MEASURED IN BOILER DRUM SATURATED STEAM MEASUREMENT METHOD MODERN VERSION OF MOLYBDENUM CALORIMETRIC METHOD

DISSOLVED OXYGEN
CORROSIVE DISSOLVED GASES LIKE CO2,O2,H2S
CAUSE CORROSION

ELLECTROCHEMICAL METHOD USED FOR MEASUREMENT

DISSOLVED O2 - AFFECTS

DISSOLVED O2 - REMOVAL

DEAERATION IN CONDENSER DEAERATION IN DEAERATOR CHEMICAL DOSING

WHY DO MEASUREMENT

DO - WHERE TO MEASURE

HYDRAZINE

CONDUCTIVITY

INDICATES CONCENTRATION OF IMPURITIES & TREATMENT CHEMICALS MEASURES TOTAL CONCENTRATION OF IONIC SPECIES(CONTAMINANTS) CONTROLLED THRU AMMONIA DOSING CATION CONDUCTIVITY

CONDUCTIVITY WHERE TO MEASURE

CONDUCTIVITY METER

ELECTRODES

SAMPLE

ELECTROCHEMICAL METHOD

PH MEASUREMENT

Measurement of Hydrogen ion concentration


It is negative log to the base ten of Hydrogen ion presence Indicative of leakage of acid forming contaminants Optimum value of 9.2

Cu alloy tubes used in LPH and condenser (require ph 0f 8.8 to9.0)


Carbon steel tubes used in HPH (require ph of 9.5) Thus optimum value of 9.2 Cu picked up by FW in condenser and LPH is later plated out in boiler tubes and turbine blades. This sets up galvanic reaction with ferrous alloys.

Measured by the EMF produced by electrolytic action between electrodes immersed in the solution
Two electrodes are glass electrode and the other reference electrode is made of calomel (compound of Hg)

thank you

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