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First Amendment: Free Speech

The document summarizes key Supreme Court cases related to free speech rights in schools under the First Amendment: - Tinker v. Des Moines established that students do not lose their constitutional rights by entering public schools and can express their political views, even controversial ones, unless it substantially disrupts school operations. - Bethel v. Fraser allowed schools to punish "lewd, vulgar, obscene, and plainly offensive" student speech like a sexual reference in a student government speech. - Guiles v. Marineau involved a student wearing an anti-Bush shirt to school that accused him of drug abuse, raising free speech issues.

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Amandip Singh
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139 views

First Amendment: Free Speech

The document summarizes key Supreme Court cases related to free speech rights in schools under the First Amendment: - Tinker v. Des Moines established that students do not lose their constitutional rights by entering public schools and can express their political views, even controversial ones, unless it substantially disrupts school operations. - Bethel v. Fraser allowed schools to punish "lewd, vulgar, obscene, and plainly offensive" student speech like a sexual reference in a student government speech. - Guiles v. Marineau involved a student wearing an anti-Bush shirt to school that accused him of drug abuse, raising free speech issues.

Uploaded by

Amandip Singh
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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FirstAmendment

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FreeSpeech

FirstAmendment
Congressshallmakenolawrespectingan establishmentofreligion,orprohibitingthe freeexercisethereof;orabridgingthe

freedomofspeech,orofthepress;or
therightofthepeoplepeaceablyto assemble,andtopetitionthegovernment foraredressofgrievances.

Whatkindofspeechdoesthe1st Amendmentprotect?
n n n

Writtenwords Spokenwords Expressiveconductactionsthatdonot involvewrittenorspokenwordsbutdo containamessage

Tinkerv.DesMoines

MaryBethandJohnTinker

WhatarethefactsofTinker? Whatissuewasthecourtaskedto decide? Whatdidthecourtsay?Why?

In1965,13yearoldMaryBethTinkerand15yearoldJohn TinkerattendedanantiVietnamWarmeeting.Theattendees decidedtopublicizetheirobjectionstothehostilitiesinVietnam bywearingblackarmbandsduringtheholidayseasonandby fastingonDecember16andNewYear'sEve. WhentheprincipalsoftheDesMoinesschoolsbecame awareoftheplantoweararmbands,theymetandadopteda policythatanystudentwearinganarmbandtoschoolwouldbe askedtoremoveit,andifthestudentrefusedheorshewouldbe suspendeduntilheorshereturnedwithoutthearmband.The Tinkerswereawareoftheregulation. OnDecember16,theTinkersworeblackarmbandstotheir schools.Theyweresenthomeandsuspendedfromschooluntil

ResultsofTinker
n

Studentsdonotsurrendertheirconstitutionalrightssimply byenteringapublicschool Theprohibitionofexpressionofoneparticularopinionisnot constitutionallypermissibleandastudenthastherightto expresshisorheropinions,evenoncontroversialsubjects. Theschoolhastheburdenofshowingthatthestudents speechmateriallyandsubstantiallyinterferedwiththe requirementsofappropriatedisciplineintheoperationof theschoolandwithoutcollidingwiththerightsofothers.

BethelS.D.v.Fraser,1986
n

WhatarethefactsofBethel? Whatissuewasthecourtaskedto decide? Whatdidthecourtsay?Why?

OnApril26,1983,MatthewFraser,astudentatBethelHigh SchoolinPierceCounty,Washington,deliveredaspeech nominatingafellowstudentforelectiveoffice.Approximately 600highschoolstudents,manyofwhomwere14yearolds, attendedtheassembly.Studentswererequiredtoattendthe assemblyortoreporttothestudyhall. TwoofFraser'steachers,withwhomhediscussedthe contentsofhisspeechinadvance,informedhimthatthespeech wasinappropriateandthatheprobablyshouldnotdeliverit, App.30,andthathisdeliveryofthespeechmighthavesevere consequences.

I know a man who is firm hes firm in his pants, hes firm in his shirt, his character is firm but most of all, his belief in you, the students of Bethel, is firm. Jeff Kuhlman is a man who takes his point and pounds it in. If necessary, hell take an issue and nail it to the wall. He doesnt attack things in spurts he drives hard, pushing and pushing until finally he succeeds Jeff is a man who will go to the very end even the climax, for each and every one of youSo vote for Jeff

Duringthespeech,aschoolcounselorobservedsome studentshootingandyellingandsomemakinggestures graphicallysimulatingthesexualactivitiespointedlyalludedtoin respondent'sspeech.Othersappearedtobebewilderedand embarrassedbythespeech. ABethelHighSchooldisciplinaryruleprohibitingtheuse ofobscenelanguageintheschoolprovided:Conductwhich materiallyandsubstantiallyinterfereswiththeeducational processisprohibited,includingtheuseofobscene,profane languageorgestures. Themorningaftertheassembly,theAssistantPrincipal calledMatthewintoherofficeandtoldhimthattheschool consideredhisspeechtohavebeenaviolationofthisrule. Matthewwasgivenachancetoexplainhisconduct,andhe

ResultsofBethel
n

Schoolscancensorandpunishstudents forlewd,indecentorplainlyoffensive speech.


n

Dictionarydefinitions:"lewd"means"incitingto sensualdesireorimagination,""vulgar"means "lewd,obscene,orprofaneinexpression,"and "indecent"means"beingortendingtobeobscene

Studentsfirstamendmentrightsarenot

SeattleSchoolDistrict StudentRights Policy


Students,ascitizens,havecertainconstitutional rights.Theschoolsystemcannotundulyinfringeon thoserights. Theschoolsmay,howeversetsomereasonable limitsonthoserightsinordertomeettheDistricts obligationtoeducate. Studentshavefreedomofspeechandmay expresstheirpersonalopinions.Thatfreedomdoesnot allowpersonalattacks,swearing,threatsofviolence, orinterferencewithotherpeoplesrightstoexpress

Guilesv.Marineau
In2004,ZacharyGuiles,a13yearold studentatWilliamstownMiddleHighSchoolin Vermont,woreaTshirttoschoolthatcriticized PresidentBushasachickenhawkpresident. TheTshirtalsoaccusedthePresidentof beingaformeralcoholandcocaineabuser.To makeitspoint,theshirtdisplayedimagesof drugsandalcohol.

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