Click to edit Master subtitle style

DIRECTING

6/28/12

Directing can lead to.

6/28/12

Introduction

Directing / Direction is a function of management performed by top level management in order to achieve organizational goals. It is very important and necessary function of management.

Management has undertake various activities

like guide people, inspired and lead them as well as supervision of their activity is required in order to achieve desired result.

6/28/12

Meaning and Definition

Direction consist of the process and

techniques utilized in issuing instructions and making certain that operations are carried as originally planned. takes to get sub-ordinates and others to carry out plans Newman and Warren

Activating deals with the steps a manager

Directing involve determining the course,

6/28/12

giving order and instruction and providing dynamic leadership - Marshall

Directing involve..
Telling people what is to be done and

explaining how to do it. subordinates.

Issuing instructions and orders to Inspiring them to contribute towards the

achievement of objectives.

Supervising their activities ; and Providing leadership and motivation.

6/28/12

Importance of Directing
Initiate Action

-Direction initiates action to get the desired results in an organization.

Ensuring efficiency

-Direction attempts to get maximum out of employees by identifying their capabilities.

Achieving Organizational Objectives

-It ensures that every employee work for organizational goals.

Better Human Relation

-Direction is essential to keep the elements like Supervision, Motivation, leadership and Communication effective.
6/28/12 Facilitate Changes.

Element of Direction
Supervision Communication Leadership Motivation.

6/28/12

Element of Direction
Supervision implies overseeing the work of subordinates by their superior Communication is the process of passing information, experience, opinion from one person to another. It is the bridge of understanding. Leadership may be defined as a process by which manager guides and influences the work of subordinates in desired direction. Motivation means inspiring, stimulating or 6/28/12 encouraging the sub-ordinates with zeal to

The Nature of People

When we look at directing as a process of influencing people in organizations, we have to be concerned with the question of what motivates people so that they may be influenced to contribute towards the achievement of organizational purposes. While there is considerable literature on human needs and motives, we shall review some of the more well known theories of human motivation.
6/28/12

MARSLOWS NEED HIERARCHY

Maslow identified peoples needs according to priority as follows: 1.Physiological Needs. This refer to basic needs such as food,water and shelter. 2.Security Needs. The need to be free from uncertainty concerning ones survival needs. 3.Social / Belonging Needs. The need to be accepted by others and to feel one belongs to a social group. 4.Ego / Esteem Needs. 6/28/12

MARSLOWS NEED HIERARCHY

Self Actualization / Self Fulfillment Needs

Ego / Esteem Needs

Social / Belonging Needs

6/28/12

Herzbergs Two Factor Theory of Motivation

Herzberg classifies the job factors which motivate people in to two categories:
Motivators Satisfiers

6/28/12

Motivators
Motivators are personal job factors affecting the individual worker.
The work itself Achievement Recognition Responsibility Growth and advancement

6/28/12

Satisfiers
Satisfiers, these create dissatisfaction if not properly attended to by management.
Company Policies and Administration Quality of Supervision Relationship with Supervisor Peer Relation Pay Job Security
6/28/12

Working Conditions

Herzbergs job satisfaction factor

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 6/28/12 Sense of achievement Recognition for achievement Interest in the work itself Opportunity for growth Opportunity for advancement Responsibility Peer and group relationships Compensation Supervisor fairness

David Maclellands Theory

This famous theory classifies people in terms of their dominant need for achievement, power, or affiliation. McClelland argued that successful entrepreneurs are person with high N-Ach (need for Achievement). More recently, others have argued on the basis of new research that leaders in organizations tend to be people with high N-Power (need for Power).

6/28/12

Harold Leavitt
Leavitt makes a contribution to our understanding of human motivation in his classification of human needs in to two;
Basic Acquired

6/28/12

Basic
The basic needs are those need, which all people have by virtue of their biological nature.
Food

Shelter

Water
6/28/12

Acquired
Acquired need are those beliefs and values which people learn by virtue of their membership in a social group and which they attempt to realize and/or affirm in their daily living. Notions of ;
Social Justice Fairness Democracy Patriotism 6/28/12

The Communication

6/28/12

Meaning and Definition

Communication word has been derived from

Latin word Communis meaning common, thus communication stands for sharing of an idea in common. meaning from one person to another, thus involves at least two person.

Communication is transfer of information and

6/28/12

Elements of Communication
Communicator Communicatee Message Channel Response
6/28/12

Process of Communication
Message

Send

Interpret

Fe ed ba ck

6/28/12

The Communication Process

Sourc e Encoding
Ms g Ms g

Ch an ne l

Decoding
Ms g Ms g

Receiv er

Feedback Context

The Communication Process

Sender

Message medium or channel

Receiver

6/28/12

Element of Communication Process

Sender / Communicator Message Encoding Channel Receiver Decoding
6/28/12

Importance
Facilitate smooth working. Basis of organizational functioning. Communication as an aid to planning. Help overcoming resistance to change. Helps building good public relations.
6/28/12

Effective Communication
Clarity Adequacy Timing Integrity Gesture and Expressive Maintain eye contact Correct and Concrete Feedback is key to success Complete and Concise
6/28/12

Power and Influence in Organizations

The success of a manager in influencing others in the organization is not determined solely by his skill in communicating, in the technical sense. It is also much affected by the amount of power he has in the organization. Power has been defined as the potential to influence the actions of another person in the direction desired by influencer. The capacity to influence, or power, that a person in the organization has is determined by many factors, the formal authority of his position being only one of these. 6/28/12

Classification of Power on the basis of its source

Legitimate Power

This power comes by virtue of a persons occupying a position in an organization.

Expert Power

This is capacity to influence which arises from expert knowledge that the influencer has.
Referent Power

This is power that comes by virtue of some personal characteristic (Charisma) of 6/28/12 the person which others identify with.

Classification of Power on the basis of its source

Reward Power

This is power that comes by virtue of a persons ability to give or withhold resources which are valued by others.
Punishment Power

Closely related to Reward Power, this is power which comes from the capacity to deprive a person of something of value.
Relationship Power
6/28/12This

is power which comes from a system

Strategies For Effective Listening

Encourage Others to Talk

-A friendly, relaxed, but attentive expression puts others at ease and encourages them to talk.
Reflective Summarizing

-From time to time during the conversational, the listener can try to summarized what has been said by the other person as a check on the listeners understanding of what has been said and give the other person the opportunity to 6/28/12 confirm, clarify or restate what he had

Strategies For Effective Listening

Avoiding Arguments

-Especially in the early part of the conversation, it is important not to try to correct what the other is saying even if you disagree with it. Correcting other may convince them that you are more interested in proving your point than in listening to what they have to say.
Avoiding Premature Judgment

-Making moral and other judgments about the person of the speaker tends to produce 6/28/12 defensiveness. In some cases it may lead the

Directing and Leadership

The discussion of position and non-positionbased influence in an organization opens the way to a discussion of a managers leadership function and style. Clearly, the term leadership connotes more than just the ability to influence others through compulsion. Because of the great difference that a managers leadership style can make in terms of the performance of his subordinates.

6/28/12

END
6/28/12