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Development of Adaptive Optics System at Laboratory: Click To Edit Master Subtitle Style

This document summarizes the development of an adaptive optics system in a laboratory. It describes (1) simulating atmospheric turbulence numerically and experimentally, (2) studying a Shack-Hartman wavefront sensor in the presence of turbulence, and (3) performing closed-loop correction at the lab using a turbulent simulator. Key aspects covered include generating Kolmogorov phase screens, analyzing point source images under turbulence, calculating centroids with the weighted center of gravity algorithm, reconstructing the wavefront using Zernike polynomials, and demonstrating improved image quality with closed-loop adaptive optics.

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Narsi Reddy
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37 views

Development of Adaptive Optics System at Laboratory: Click To Edit Master Subtitle Style

This document summarizes the development of an adaptive optics system in a laboratory. It describes (1) simulating atmospheric turbulence numerically and experimentally, (2) studying a Shack-Hartman wavefront sensor in the presence of turbulence, and (3) performing closed-loop correction at the lab using a turbulent simulator. Key aspects covered include generating Kolmogorov phase screens, analyzing point source images under turbulence, calculating centroids with the weighted center of gravity algorithm, reconstructing the wavefront using Zernike polynomials, and demonstrating improved image quality with closed-loop adaptive optics.

Uploaded by

Narsi Reddy
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Development of Adaptive Optics system at laboratory

Narsireddy Anugu Click to edit Master subtitle style Roll No: 97/AIM/101006 Under the Guidance of Dr.J.P.Lancelot & Prof.

A.K.Saxena

7/12/12

Contents

Introduction Simulation of Kolmogorov turbulence numerically and experimentally its characterization Simulation of SHWFS Studies of SHWFS in the presence of turbulence Using turbulent simulator closed loop correction at lab Analysis of the results

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Kolmogrov Theory of Turbulence in a solar Outer scale L0 Nutshell

Inner scale l0

h Wind shear
convection

h
ground

Big whorls have little whorls, Which feed on their velocity; 7/12/12 Little whorls have smaller

Kolmogrov Theory of Turbulence : Eddy Cascade

Assume energy is added to system at largest scales outer scale L0 Then energy cascades from larger to smaller scales (turbulent eddies break down into smaller and smaller structures). Size scales where this takes place: Inertial range. Finally, eddy size becomes so small that it is subject to dissipation from viscosity. Inner scale l0 L0 ranges from 10s to 100s of meters; l0 is a few mm

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Wave Propagation in Turbulent medium

For monochromatic plane waves arriving from a distant point source with wave-vector k, we have The Turbulent layer 1. Scatters light 2. Perturbs Phase of the wave 3. Causes fractional Amplitude change with effect:

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Atmospheric terms

Atmospheric coherence radius : (ro )

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Images with Seeing


Image = Object Point Spread Function I = O PSF u= O ( u ) P ( u v) dv I( )
I ( f ) = ( f ).P( f ) O

OTF OTF . O TF effective = Telescope Atmosphere


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Overcoming atmospheric seeing

Speckle imaging : which allows bright objects to be observed with very high resolution. Working outside the Atmosphere : Hubble Space Telescope and thus not have any seeing problems Adaptive optics : Systems that partially solve the seeing problem. Observations are usually limited to a small region of the sky surrounding relatively bright stars. Lucky Imaging : The technique relies on the fact that every so often the effects of the atmosphere will be negligible, and hence by recording large numbers of images in real-time, a 'lucky' excellent image can be picked out. This technique can outperform adaptive optics in many cases and is even accessible to amateurs. It does, however, require very much longer observation times than adaptive optics for imaging faint targets, and is limited in its maximum resolution.

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Generation of Kolmogorov Phase screen

Motivation : To study astronomical objects propagation through atmosphere and analyze AO algorithms and system. Atmosphere can be simulated by different methods numerically
exp( 2 /i2 ) D r N ( )= 0.023( 0 / ) 2 2 ( + 0 )11/ 6 Van Karman Power spectral density
5/3

0 =

Where,

2 L0

i = 5 .9 2 l0/
f ( r ) = N ( ) e dk ikr

phase screen related to spectrum

Discrete Fourier transform of the square root of the PSD * random numbers. 7/12/12

Continued..

Fourier Transform method

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Analysis and discussion of simulation results :


D( r =r ( ( 1 = ) < +>1 ) r r ( ) 6 82 ) .8 (
(5 ) /3

r r0

Phase structure function:

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Study of point source in turbulence

At D/r0 = 1 & 5

D/r0=10 & 15

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Corresponding PSF

At D/r0 = 1 & 10

D/r0=5 & 15

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This OTF is calculated for long exposure images.

Normalized OTF at Different turbulent strengths

For this 100 short exposures (1millisecon d) images 7/12/12 added up

Adaptive Optics system

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wave-front sensor

Requirements of WFS: WFS must work on white light incoherent sources. WFS must use the photons very efficiently. The WFS must be linear over the full range of atmospheric distortions. WFS must be fast.

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Continued

Shack Hartmann

Shearing interferometry

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Pyramid wavefront sensor

Curvature wavefront sensor

Shack Hartmann sensor simulated results with WCOG at D/ro=5

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Centroid algorithms

COG

WCOG

Weighting function chosen is Gaussian


S =,y y wx ) ( , ) w I xx ( , y S =,yx yW,x ) ( , ) x xx I ( y S =,yx yW,x ) ( , ) y yx I ( y

W x y ) (= e p (( x ) y 2 ) c (, 1/2 )x 2 + ( y ( x )/2 2)

2 c

2 S x =,y x yW x y ( , ) x xx I (, )

2 S y =,y x yW x y ( , ) y yxI (, )

X = S/ c S w x Y = S/ c S w y

=( S) x S Sxx S * S S S 1/ w S * + * S x w y w * y y y

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Spot realization

Gaussian

) 2 J (u P ( ) = 1 0 u u

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Sinc2 function

Ai ry di sk

Different noise simulation

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Photon noise , turbulent noise (D/ro=8), read out noise & total

Centroid calculation with WCOG at D/r0 =3 and 5

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Comparison of Centroid algorithms

At different At turbulent different S/N strengths ratio

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Continued.

At different subaperture sampling of spot

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The spot pattern at the focal plane of a S-H sensor

Gaussian spot array (10 x 10)

Airy disk array (10 x 10)

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Random noise affected spot array

Gaussian spot array (10 x 10)

Airy disk array (10 x 10)

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Array pattern at different turbulence strengths D/ro=1 D/ro=5

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Phase reconstruction

WCOG algorithm has been using for the centroid calculation phase reconstruction : Model Approach ( Zernike Polynomial ) Zernike polynomials are orthogonal polynomials defined over unit radius of circle. Expression of Wavefront: and

The derivatives of the Zernike polynomials can be expressed as a linear combination of Zernike polynomial (Noll, 1976)

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In Matrix notation

Shack Hartmann sensor simulated results with WCOG at D/ro=15

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Low cost turbulence simulator in lab

Fabrication of phase screens by spraying multiple layers of ordinary hair spray onto a glass substrate Hair spray

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Experimental setup used for phase screen characterization

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Phase screens obtained at lab and numerical simulation

AtAt D/r0 = 9 =3

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Characterization of phase screens

Characterization has been done by measuring ro value with two methods 1.The model representation ( Zernike approach) W *( ) = ) r aZ r (
i i i 2 <ai= >

Ni

5/6D *( ) r0

2.OTF method
O F ( = 4( T ) exp( 3.4 ) ) r0

5/3

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Summary of the results

Modal approa ch

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Experimental setup for SHWFS

Reference

Distorted wavefront At D/r0=9

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Comparison of Phase variance with theoretic model


D < a 2i > = N i *( )5/6 r0

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Schematic and experimental layout for closed loop AO

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Lenslet Spots

Reference

At turbulent strength (D/r0=20)

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Wavefront constructed

No Turbulence

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Zernike Coefficients

No Turbulence turbulence

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When closed loop Adaptive optics system is on

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Closed loop AO Demonstration

AO on AO off (D/r0=20)

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Summery

Project was carried out in three phases Study of Atmospheric turbulence experimentally and numerically Study on Shack-Hartman sensor Closed loop correction with AO kit in the presence of turbulence simulator Numerical simulation has been done with Matlab-2010a with AMD Athlon 2.7GHz computer . Airy disk spots are used for Shack Hartmann wavefront sensor study. Centroid calculation with IWCoG. For phase reconstruction 21 Zernike modes has been used.

7/12/12

THANK YOU

7/12/12

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