(Dis) Placing Culture and Cultural Space Chapter 4.docx

(Dis) Placing Culture and Cultural Space
Chapter 4
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Chapter Objectives
Describe the relationships among culture, place, cultural space,
and identity in the context of globalization.
Explain how people use communicative practices to construct,
maintain, negotiate, and hybridize cultural spaces.
Explain how cultures are simultaneously placed and displaced in
the global context leading to segregated, contested and hybrid
cultural spaces.
Describe the practice of bifocal vision to highlight the linkages
between “here” and “there” as well as the connections between
present and past.
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Introduction

Explore the cultural and intercultural communication
dimensions of place, space and location. We will examine:
The dynamic process of placing and displacing cultural space in
the context of globalization.
How people use communicative practices to construct, maintain,
negotiate, and hybridize cultural spaces
How segregated, contested, and hybrid cultural spaces are both
shaped by the legacy of colonialism and the context of
globalization.
How Hip hop culture illustrates the cultural and intercultural
dimensions of place, space, and location in the context of
globalization
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Placing Culture and Cultural Space
Culture, by definition, is rooted in place with a reciprocal
relationship between people and place
Culture:
“Place tilled” in Middle English
Colere : “to inhabit, care for, till, worship” in Latin
In the context of globalization, what is the relationship between
culture and place?
Culture is both placed and displaced
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Cultural Space
The communicative practices that construct meanings in,
through and about particular places
Cultural space shapes verbal and nonverbal communicative

practices
i.e. Classrooms, dance club, library.
Cultural spaces are constructed through the communicative
practices developed and lived by people in particular places
Communicative practices include:
The languages, accents, slang, dress, artifacts, architectural
design, the behaviors and patterns of interaction, the stories, the
discourses and histories
How is the cultural space of your home, neighborhood, city, and
state constructed through communicative practices?
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Place, Cultural Space and Identity
Place, Culture, Identity and Difference
What’s the relationship between place and identity?
Avowed identity:
The way we see, label and make meaning about ourselves and
Ascribed identity:
The way others view, name and describe us and our group
Examples of how avowed and ascribed identities may conflict?
How is place related to standpoint and power?
Locations of enunciation:
Sites or positions from which to speak.
A platform from which to voice a perspective and be heard
and/or silenced.
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Displacing Culture and Cultural Space
(Dis) placed culture and cultural space:
A notion that captures the complex, contradictory and contested

nature of cultural space and the relationship between culture
and place that has emerged in the context of globalization.
Time-space Compression:
A characteristic of globalization that brings seemingly disparate
cultures into closer proximity, intersection and juxtaposition
with each other.
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“In-hereness AND out-thereness”:
A characteristic of globalization in which a particular “here” is
linked to “there,” and how this linkage of places reveals
colonial histories and postcolonial realities.
The particular “here” is linked to “there” and this linkage of
places reveals colonial histories and postcolonial realities.
Glocalization:
The dual and simultaneous forces of globalization and
localization.
First introduced in 19802 to describe Japanese business
practices
The concept allows us to think about how globalizing forces
always operate in relationship to localizing forces.
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Case Study: Hip Hop Culture
Back in the Day: South Bronx
Black and Puerto Rican youth created forms of cultural
expression to reclaim their belonging to place, such as the

streets, neighborhoods, and cities
Introduction to hip hop culture
Going Commercial:
Attracted a wide range of audience, including the White youth.
Commercialization and commodification
Gained both criticism and praise for its controversial lyrics and
messages.
Going Global:
Hip Hop Community Center in India
Appropriation: “Borrowing,” “mishandling,” and/or “stealing”
across the world
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Case Study: Paradoxes of Hip Hop Culture
It enables economic mobility and provides a platform for
speaking.
It also promotes stereotypes about communities of color and
valorizes danger, violence, misogyny and homophobia.
It provides communication vehicles for the marginalized.
It also promotes commodification of culture and benefits those
who control the music industries, primarily White Americans.
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Cultural Space, Power and Communication
Throughout history and today, space has been used to establish,

exert and maintain power and control
Power is signified, constructed and regulated through size,
shape, access, containment and segregation of space
Examples?
The use of space communicates
Examples?
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Segregated Cultural Space
Cultural spaces that are segregated based on socio-economic,
racial, ethnic, sexual, political and/or religious differences
Voluntary or involuntary/imposed
Examples:
The word “ghetto” originally referred to an area in Venice, Italy
where Jews were segregated and required to live in the 1500s.
The reservation system imposed on Native Americans.
The Jim Crow laws (1865-1960s) that segregated Blacks.
The isolation of Japanese Americans during WWII.
Sundown towns or “whites only” towns.
Schools today are re-segregated to the same level as in 1970s
In Hurricane Katrina, low-income, working class neighborhoods
were hit the hardest
Gated communities
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Contested Cultural Space
Cultural space where people with unequal control and access to
resources engage in oppositional and confrontational strategies
of resistance and/or contestation
Examples:
Chinese immigrants who came to the U.S. to work from the
1850s onward were forced to live in isolated ethnic enclaves
known as Chinatowns in large cities such as San Francisco and
New York
In the early 2000s, in Hudson, New York, a small town of 7,000
just 100 miles north of New York City, residents joined together
to protest the building of a massive, coal-fired cement factory
Occupy Wall Street; Occupy Oakland; Occupy Boston, etc.
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Hybrid Cultural Space
The intersection of intercultural communication practices that
construct meanings in, through and about particular places
within a context of relations of power.
Examples:
McDonald’s in Russia
Wal-Mart, Starbucks and other American companies are mixed
into local cultural spaces around the world
Hybrid culture spaces are not simply the blending of cultures
and cultural practices
Rather, hybrid culture spaces involve a negotiation of power
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Hybrid cultural space as site of intercultural negotiation
Hybrid cultural spaces as innovative and creative spaces where
people constantly adapt to, negotiate with and improvise
between multiple cultural frameworks.
Example:
Cultural space of “home” experienced by Asian Indian
immigrants in the U.S.
Immigrants create hybrid cultural space to creatively maintain
their relationship to their culture and tradition.
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Hybrid cultural space as site of resistance
Hybrid cultural spaces where people challenge stable,
territorial, and static definitions of culture, cultural spaces and
cultural identities.
Example:
Asian Indian immigrants create hybrid cultural space as a form
of resistance to the dominant American culture.
Hybrid cultural space allows them to avoid total assimilation
and a loss of their own culture.
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Hybrid cultural spaces as sites of transformation
Hegemonic structures are negotiated and reconfigured through
hybridization of culture, cultural space, and identity.
Example:
Chicana feminist Gloria Anzaldua uses the notion of
“borderlands” to transform the experience of cultural

marginalization into a space of oppositional and liberatory
identity.
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Summary
Placing Culture and Cultural Space
Place, Cultural Space, and Identity
Case Study: Hip Hop culture
Segregated, Contested, and Hybrid cultural space
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CRITICAL READING ANALYSIS
INST 110I/Dr. de Brito
YOUR NAME:
READING TITLE:
_____________________________________________________
_______________________
AUTHOR’S NAME:
_____________________________________________________
______________________
Instructions:
(1) Please use the space provided on this sheet to highlight the
main points on the Chapter that you have been assigned to write
your CRA on; (2) type up the FORM, and turn in your complete
answers to your instructor, per Course Schedule. (3)
communicate your thoughts clearly; (4) Use your own words as

much as possible while examining an author’s writing; (5)
quotes from authors are welcome as well; as long as you use
proper quotation marks and style; (6) feel free to use some of
the sentence-starters that I have provided, below; (7) Jot down
the page number(s) where you got your data/information from
(8) Use a separate form for each article/chapter [IF you have
been asked to analyze more than one article/chapter].
Please highlight 4 main points the author(s) make in this
chapter, and provide the appropriate supporting
information/ideas/evidence:
Four main points of the article/chapter are …
1. Main point one:
One of the author’s main points is that …
Supporting evidence provided by the author:
The author argues that …
2. Main point two:
A second main point in this chapter/article is that …
The evidence the author provides for … is …
3. Main point three:
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(Dis) Placing Culture and Cultural Space Chapter 4.docx

(Dis) Placing Culture and Cultural Space Chapter 4.docx

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(Dis) Placing Culture and Cultural Space Chapter 4.docx