Cyber Crime
- 1. CRIMINOLOGY TOPIC- CYBER CRIME PREPARED BY - AFNAN HUSAIN CLASS - SY LLB (SEM 4) SEAT NO. - 40015
- 2. WHAT IS CYBER CRIME? • A cyber crime may be defined as any illegal criminal activity that uses a computer either as an instrumentality, target or means of perpetrating further crime. • In other words cyber crime is an unlawful act wherein the computer is either a tool or a target or both. • Cyber crime is any crime that takes place online or primarily online. Cyber criminals often commit crimes by targeting computer network and devices.
- 3. • Cyber crime can range from security breaches to identity theft, and includes cyber stalking, harassment, bullying and child sexual exploitation. • Terrorists collaborate on the internet to carry out their illegal activities in cyberspace. Cyber crime continues to evolve with new threats surfacing all over the world. • The distinction between cyber crime and conventional crime lies in the involvement of the medium in cases of cyber crime. That is, there should be involvement, at any stage, of the virtual cyber medium in case of a cyber crime.
- 4. NATURE OF CYBER CRIME • Cyber space and internet having developed as favourite medium of carrying on wide range of activities, has at the same time became an easy and convenient mode of committing cyber crime the world over, which can be detected only with the international co-operation of law enforcement agencies of different countries. • In April 2010, at the Twelfth UN Congress on Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice held extensive discussion expressing serious concern over the massive use of computer science and technology by the perpetrators of cyber crime and measure to be adopted by authorities in fighting against these crimes.
- 5. REASONS FOR CYBER CRIME • The computer has the unique characteristic of storing data in a relatively very small space. • Computer are easy to access and therefore, unauthorised access by the use of complex cyber space technology is easily possible by passing security system. • The computers work on operating system which are complex and are composed of millions of codes. The cyber offenders take advantage of this. • One of the significant features of the computer system is that evidence is destroyed in no time. The criminals find it very easy to destroy the evidence soon after the crime is committed.
- 6. TYPES OF CYBER CRIME • Hacking: Hacking in simple terms means an illegal intrusion into a computer system and/or network. • E- mail Spoofing: A spoofed e-mail may be said to be one which misrepresents its origin. That is, it shows its origin to be different from which it actually originates. • Computer Vandalism: Any kind of physical damage done to the computer of any person. It may be in the form of theft of a computer or some part thereof.
- 7. • Cyber Terrorism: Cyber terrorism may be said to be a convergence of terrorism and cyber space involving unlawful attacks or threats of attacks against computers, networks, and the information stored therein, in order to coerce or intimidate a government or its people in furtherance of political, social, or ideological objectives. • Cyber Pornography: Computers and internet have opened new flood gates for pornographic material being available on websites which has adverse effect on moral health of youngsters, particularly adolescents.
- 8. OTHER TYPES OF CYBER CRIMES • Cyber Stalking • Cyber Defamation • E-mail Frauds • Identity Theft • Data Diddling • Phishing
- 9. HOW TO AVOID BECOMING A VICTIM OF CERTAIN TYPES OF CYBER CRIME • Don’t enter private and confidential information on your personal computer. • Always use a firewall. Also, always use one or two anti-spyware programs in addition to your anti-virus software, and keep them up to date • Don't reply to an email or pop-up message that asks for personal or financial information, and don't click on links in the message • Store your information elsewhere apart from your PC like on a flash disk or an external hard drive • Download a safe search tool like SiteAdvisor which will advise
- 10. IMPACT OF CYBER CRIME • The expansion of internet and computer all over the world has generated a new species of crime commonly known as cyber crimes. The areas most hit by the impact of these crimes is, economy and security regimes because the alarmingly expanding dimensions of cyber frauds and terrorists activities of hardcore terrorists are ruining the nation’s economy and posing a threat to the national security destroying its internal and external peace. • Looking to the international dimensions of these crimes and jurisdictional problems between the countries and variations in the cyber law, the electronic transaction and liability issues for the acts executed in cyberspace still remain hazy and uncertain