Global warming refers to the gradual increase in the overall temperature of the earth's atmosphere due to increased levels of carbon dioxide and other pollutants. It is driven by human emissions of greenhouse gases which cause large shifts in weather patterns. The first scientist to predict that fossil fuel combustion could cause enhanced global warming was Svante Arrhenius in 1896. Major causes of global warming include power plants, transportation, farming, deforestation, oil drilling and industrial and agricultural activities, while effects include more frequent extreme weather, higher death rates, and threats to wildlife and ocean health.