Connecting microcontrollers to the cloud using MQTT, BLE, and HTTP
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Presented by: Tanmoy Sen, Amazon Web Services Presented at All Things Open 2020 Abstract: Connecting microcontroller-based devices to the cloud enables data collection, analysis and remote updates to deployed devices. Often, these devices need to cost-effectively connect to a mobile device for provisioning, reading, and security. This talk describes how to easily program, deploy, secure, connect, and manage small, low-power edge devices with the open source real-time OS, FreeRTOS, using different connectivity protocols. You learn how to authenticate microcontroller devices with iOS and Android devices and to monitor, manage, and update firmware using the over-the-air update functionality.
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Connecting microcontrollers to the cloud using MQTT, BLE, and HTTP
- 1. © 2020, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its Affiliates.© 2020, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its Affiliates. Tanmoy Sen Connecting Microcontrollers to the Cloud Using MQTT, HTTP, and Bluetooth LE Oct-20, 2020
- 2. © 2020, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its Affiliates. Agenda • How microcontrollers (MCUs) benefit from the cloud • Connecting MCUs using MQTT • Connecting MCUs using HTTP • Connecting MCUs using Bluetooth LE • Over-the-air updates
- 3. © 2020, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its Affiliates. What is a microcontroller (MCU)? • Small processor • Simple, functional tasks • Resource constrained • MHz compute speed • KB of RAM • Low power
- 4. © 2020, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its Affiliates. Data sources
- 5. © 2020, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its Affiliates. How MCUs benefit from the cloud Endpoints Things Sense & act Cloud Storage & compute Intelligence Insights & logic → action Gateway Gateway Fleet onboarding, management, and SW updates Fleet audit and protection Connecting devices to services IoT data analytics, actions, and intelligence Secure device connectivity and messaging
- 6. © 2020, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its Affiliates. MCU code space Communications stack Security stack Key management OTA Bootloader Functionality
- 7. © 2020, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its Affiliates. FreeRTOS libraries Local Connectivity Cloud Connectivity Security OTA & Code Signing Communicate with a gateway device without a cloud connection Bluetooth LE Easily collect data & take actions on microcontroller -based devices MQTT, HTTP Secure device data and connections Deploy security updates, bug fixes, and firmware updates to devices in the field Real-time OS
- 8. © 2020, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its Affiliates. FreeRTOS libraries Local Connectivity Cloud Connectivity Security OTA & Code Signing MIT license CustomizableOpen source
- 9. © 2020, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its Affiliates.© 2020, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its Affiliates. MQTT
- 10. © 2020, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its Affiliates. Connecting MCUs to the cloud using MQTT • Lightweight publish/subscribe application-layer messaging protocol • MQTT topic acts as matching mechanism between publishers and subscribers • Three communication patterns: point- to-point, broadcast, and fan-in • TLS 1.2, X.509 client certificate Source: AWSWhitepaper - Designing MQTTTopics for AWS IoT Core
- 11. © 2020, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its Affiliates.© 2020, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its Affiliates. HTTP
- 12. © 2020, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its Affiliates. Connecting MCUs to the Cloud using HTTP Amazon Simple Storage Service (Amazon S3) IoT Devices HTTPGET/PUT Why use HTTP for IoT devices? • For high-bandwidth downloads/uploads • To conform to existing HTTP-based legacy systems HTTP client library supports: • HTTPS 1.1 with GET/PUT • Async/sync programming models • Files storage in any hosted service • File transfer using TLS1.2
- 13. © 2020, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its Affiliates.© 2020, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its Affiliates. Bluetooth LE
- 14. © 2020, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its Affiliates. Connecting MCUs to the Cloud using Bluetooth LE Amazon Cognito AWS IoT Bluetooth Low Energy Devices
- 15. © 2020, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its Affiliates. BLE support in FreeRTOS • Standardized BLE API • GAP and GATT profiles in BLE • Companion iOS and Android SDKs • Custom profile for MQTT over BLE • Custom profile for Wi-Fi provisioning over BLE
- 16. © 2020, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its Affiliates. Custom profile: MQTT over BLE • Connect BLE devices to AWS IoT via mobile devices as proxy • iOS and Android SDKs provide the proxy libraries • Amazon Cognito handles authentication between proxy and AWS IoT • Enables use of OTA and AWS IoT services Amazon Cognito AWS IoT Core
- 17. © 2020, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its Affiliates. Custom profile: Wi-Fi provisioning over BLE • Provision Wi-Fi credentials over Bluetooth LE using mobile device • Save multiple networks, reprioritize, add, delete • Supports Bluetooth LE Secure Connections (BLE 4.2 and up) • Demo examples to get started
- 18. © 2020, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its Affiliates.© 2020, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its Affiliates. Over-the-air updates (OTA)
- 19. © 2020, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its Affiliates. OTA updates • Assign firmware update to groups using AWS IoT Device Management • Code sign new firmware images • Validate signature on device • Stream updates to device over MQTT or HTTP • APIs to control installation and reboot logic • Memory-efficient updated client
- 20. © 2020, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its Affiliates. OTA on FreeRTOS
- 21. © 2020, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its Affiliates. OTA actions Developer authors update Upload to cloud and sign image Schedule an update job Notify device update is available Device downloads image (over MQTT) Write image to flash Close file and verify signature Notify application that new image is ready Application activates when it is ready Verify image at boot Initialize OTA agent and confirm current image is latest Hand control to application for self test On passing self test, commit new image Update cloud status to completed Developer authors update Upload to cloud Schedule an update job Notify device update is available
- 22. © 2020, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its Affiliates. Getting started Visit https://freertos.org/ for more information • FreeRTOS kernel and libraries https://freertos.org/RTOS.html https://freertos.org/iot-libraries.html • IoT Reference Integrations https://freertos.org/aws-reference-integrations.html • Community Forums https://forums.freertos.org/ • Documentation https://freertos.org/ https://docs.aws.amazon.com/freertos/
- 23. © 2020, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its Affiliates.© 2020, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its Affiliates. Q&A Tanmoy Sen
- 24. © 2020, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its Affiliates.© 2020, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its Affiliates. Thank you! Tanmoy Sen Sr. Product Manager AWS IoT [email protected]