TLE - Cosmetology nail care

TERMINOLOGIES
Cosmetology - the professional skill or practice of
beautifying the face, hair, nail and skin;
fields: hairstyling, barbering, manicuring and pedicuring,
and derma
Manicure – from the Latin word “manus” means “hands”
and “cura” means “care”, it means care of hands and
nails; a cosmetic beauty treatment for the fingernails and
hands performed at home or in a nail salon;consists of
filing, shaping of the free edge, treatments, massage of
the hand and the application of polish.

Eponychium – removing the cuticle
Pedicure – from the Latin word “pedi” meaning foot and “cura”
meaning the care of the feet
Bevel - a term in manicuring and pedicuring that means to shape
the edge of something
Dispose of - to throw away
Hygiene - the science concerned with maintaining good health
and cleanliness
Implements - articles or tools used in manicuring that are durable
Infection - a condition caused by a germ or a pathogen
Pathogen - a microbe or microorganism such as a virus,
bacterium, prion, or fungus that causes disease
Sterilization - a term referring to any process that eliminates
(removes) or kills all forms of microbial life

Radiation - a process in which energy is transmitted in the form
of waves or particles that can be used to destroy micro-
organisms
Disinfectant - an agent, such as heat, radiation, or a chemical,
that destroys, neutralizes, or prevents the growth of disease-
carrying microorganisms
Antiseptic - a substance, milder than a disinfectant, that prevents
the growth and development of micro-organisms
Cuticle - the nonliving epidermis that surrounds the edges of the
fingernail or toenail
Moisten - make wet or damp
Nail bed - the portion of the skin upon which the nail plate rests

Effleurage - a French word meaning "to skim" or "to touch lightly
on", is a series of massage strokes used in Swedish massage to
warm up the muscle
Spa - a beauty care service where curative minerals are present
for beautification
Hand Spa - a beauty care service using natural oils, vitamins
and minerals, having curative effect to the body
Paraffin - a waxy white or colorless solid hydrocarbon mixture
used to make candles, wax paper, lubricants, and sealing
materials
Foot Spa - a beauty care service offered by salons to relax and
moisturize the feet

Sterilization is the process of destroying all living micro-
organisms.
Sanitization is the process of destroying some, but not all micro-
organisms.
Disinfectant is a substance used to control micro-organisms on
non-living surfaces such as tools, equipment, and furniture/
fixtures.
Antiseptic is an agent that prevents the multiplication of micro-
organisms. Since it is milder than a disinfectant, it can be used
directly on the skin.
Contaminated wastes - materials which are infected or with some
measure of decay

Infection - a condition caused by a germ or a pathogen
Polythene - a kind of plastic commonly used as grocery bags,
shampoo bottles, children’s toys among others
PPE (Personal Protective Equipment) - protective clothing
designed to protect the wearer’s body from injury or chemicals or
for job-related occupational safety and health purposes
Chemical Hazards are substances used and/or produced at work
that have the potential to harm the health and safety of people at
work
Infection control is a process that minimizes the risk of spreading
infection while performing procedures on client
Harm are adverse health effects on something or someone under
certain conditions at work.

Maximal Allowable Concentration ( MCL) is a peak or maximum
concentration of an airborne, to which most workers could be
safely exposed
Occupational Hazards - are various environmental factors or
stresses that can cause sickness, impaired health, or significant
discomfort in workers and can be classified as chemical,
physical, biological or ergonomic
Occupational health and safety (OHS) is a planned system of
working to prevent illness and injury, where you work by
recognizing and identifying hazards and risks.
OSH Trainings - are interventions conducted to facilitate learning
on occupational safety and health, the results of which can
contribute to the attainment of better and improved OSH
conditions.

Skin penetration means any process, whether intentionally or
otherwise, that involves the shaving, piercing, cutting, puncturing,
tearing of the skin or mucous membrane.
Threshold Limit Value (TLV) is a measure of concentration of
toxic substances that client can withstand.
Workplace - refers to the office, premises or worksite where a
worker is temporary or habitually assigned. Where there is no
fixed or definite workplace, the term shall include the place where
the worker actually performs regular work, or where he regularly
reports to render service or to take an assignment.

Nail - a plate of keratin that lies on the tips of the fingers and toes
Keratin -a sulfur-containing fibrous protein constituting the main structural
protein of hard epidermal tissues, such as horn , hair, feathers, nails,
claws, hoofs, and the like.
Dermis - the second layer of skin, it contains blood vessels, nerves, hair
roots and sweat glands.
Epidermis - the upper or outer layer of the two main layers of cells that
make up the skin.
The epidermis is mostly made up of flat, scale-like cells called squamous
cells. These cells are round cells called basal cells. The deepest part of
the epidermis also contains melanocytes.

TOOLS are the articles used in any nail care
service which are durable or permanent and
are hand-held. Tools are also referred to as
implements.

Tools commonly used in giving manicure and pedicure:
Callous Remover is a tool designed
to strip off calluses and corns.
Cuticle Nail Pusher is a tool used to
push back and loosen the cuticles.

Cuticle Nipper is an implement
used to cut the cuticles.
Cuticle Scissor is an implement
to cut stubborn cuticles.

Finger or Manicure Bowl is a
small bowl used for soaking the
fingers to soften the cuticles.
Foot file is made of metal or
sandpaper, with a rough file on
one side to remove calluses
and a fine file on the other to
smoothen the feet.

Foot Spa Basin is a large
rectangular container used for
bathing and soaking the feet
when giving a pedicure.
Manicure Tray is a flat container
where all the necessary tools and
implements are placed for use by
the manicurist.

Manicure Nail Brush is a plastic
handled brush with nylon
bristles used to clean dirt and
cosmetic residue from the nail
surface and skin.
Mixing bowl is a small open-top,
rounded cup-like container used
for mixing the aromatic oils and
other fluids for the hand or foot
spa.

Nail Buffer is an implement
used for smoothening and
polishing the nails.
Nail Cutter / Nail Clipper / Nail
Trimmer is a hand tool made of
metal used to trim fingernails
and toenails.

Nail File is an implement used to
shape the free edges of the nail
with the coarse side and bevel
the nail with the finer side.
Orangewood Stick is an
implement with pointed and
rounded ends to remove
excess polish.

Pedicure Nail Brush is a tool
used to remove cosmetics
and cleanse nails.
Plastic Container for Cotton is a
small receptacle where cotton
balls are put.

Pumice Stone is a type of
volcanic rock, which is actually
frothy lava solidified to form a
porous rock to remove dry and
annoying skin of the feet as
well as calluses.
Supply Tray is a flat container
that holds the necessary
cosmetics and implements.

Trolley is a wheeled cart that is
pushed by hand and used for
transporting manicuring and
pedicuring tools and materials.

MATERIALS are the cosmetics and supplies that are consumed and
should be replaced from time to time. They are also called consumables.
Materials used in giving manicure, pedicure, hand and foot spa:
Alcohol is an organic compound
used as sanitizer.
Antiseptic Solution is an agent that
reduces or prevents the multiplication
of micro-organisms.

Apron is an outer protective
garment that covers primarily the
front of the body to protect clothes
from dirt or stains.
Assorted Colored Nail Polish is a
lacquer applied on fingernails and
toenails to decorate and/or protect
the nail plate.

Base Coat is a clear layer of
polish applied to the nail plate
before the application of colored
polish to smoothen surface for
color and promote healthier nails.
Benzalconium Chloride is a yellow-
white powder prepared in an
aqueous solution used as surface
disinfectant and topica antiseptic.

Bleaching Soap is a soap
formulated to whiten the skin.
Cling Wrap is a thin plastic film used
for sealing the paraffin during a hand
spa.

Cotton is a soft white downy fiber
for dubbing or cleaning the nails
and removing nail polish.
Cuticle Oil is a mixture of fats and
waxes containing lanolin and
petroleum base to soften and
lubricate the skin around the nails.

Cuticle Remover is a liquid used
to soften nail cuticles and prepare
them to be cut.
Disinfectant is an agent, such as
heat, radiation, or a chemical, that
destroys, neutralizes, or prevents
the growth of disease-carrying
microorganisms.

Emery board is a wooden, sand
paper-like stick with a fine texture on
one side and a coarse texture on the
other side used to gently grind down
the edges of the nails.
First Aid Kit is a collection of
supplies for use in giving first
aid.

Foot Blush is a liquid spray that
contains peppermint and alpha
hydroxyl acids derived from fruits
that whisks away dead skin cells,
deodorizes and soften the feet,
giving it a pinkish glow after use.
Foot Soak is an herbal blend
to relax, energize, soothe and
deodorize the feet.

Foot Scrub is a mixture of natural
ingredients to keep feet soft, smooth
and moisturized.
Garbage bins/bags are plastic
disposable bags or trash receptacles
used to contain rubbish to keep the
place clean.

Hand Towel is an absorbent
cloth for drying the hands.
Lotion is any of various cosmetic
preparations that are applied to
soften the skin.

Manicure pillow is a hand cushion
that helps a client to keep her hands
steady and relaxed.
Nail Hardener is a liquid applied to
the nails to form a protective barrier
to prevent chipping, peeling and
splitting of nails.

Nail Polish Remover (Acetone) is an
organic solvent used to dissolve old
polish on nails.
Quick Dry is a liquid applied to
colored nail polish to dry faster.

Toe Nail Separator is a soft material
where toes are inserted to keep them
apart to prevent a freshly painted
toenail from staining another toe.
Solvent is a substance used to
thin out the nail polish when it has
thickened.

Top Coat is a clear nail polish applied to
the nails after the colored polish to protect
it from scratches and chips, it makes nails
harder and keep them looking shiny.
Towel is an absorbent cloth for drying the
hands and feet.

Wet Sanitizer is a substance or preparation for killing germs.

EQUIPMENT are the items which are more or less durable and
permanent needed for a particular activity or purpose.
The equipment and furniture or fixtures that are used in a salon:
Chairs are seats with back support which
have four legs and some have rests for the
arms.
Foot Spa Machine is an electronic gadget
used for soaking, bathing and massaging
the feet during a foot spa.

Foot Spa Stool is a simple seat with
three or four legs designed to provide
comfort and elevation during a foot spa.
Hand Spa Machine is an electronic gadget
used to soothe pain of arthritis, muscle
spasms and dry cracked skin of the hands.

Manicurist’s Chair or Stool is the
adjustable upholstered seat fitted
over a metal or chrome.
Manicure Table is a furniture especially
designed for giving manicure. Usually it has a
laminated plastic surface and a drawer for
storing materials. It is often fitted with ball
casters for easy mobility.

Sterilizer is an equipment in a
salon used for sterilizing metal
implements to kill micro-
organisms.
Timer is a device that can be
preset to start or stop something
at a given time.

Proper way of holding and handling some nail care tools
or implements and equipment: (MANICURE AND PEDICURE)
Nail File Emery Board Orangewood Stick

Cuticle Nail Pusher Cuticle Nipper Nail Cutter

Foot File
or implements and equipment: (HAND AND FOOT SPA)
Callous Remover Pumice Stone

or implements and equipment: (HAND AND FOOT SPA Machine)

PPE (Personal Protective Equipment)
Glove is a garment covering for the whole hand.

Smock gown is a loose cloak or robe worn to protect the
clothes.

Mask is a protective face covering for hygienic purposes
and to prevent the face from chemical exposure.

Headband is a band of absorbent material worn on or
around the head across the forehead to keep the sweat
and the hair off the face.

Structures of Nail
1. Lunula - the pearly coloured and crescent shaped is due to the
cells being pushed closely together, the blood capillaries cannot
be seen through the lunula because of this.
2. Cuticle - the overlapping epidermis around the nail. It is the
transparent skin, which is called the 'true cuticle', that is removed
during the manicuring process
3. Free edge -the part of the nail that can be filed and shaped. It
is an extension of the nail plate that overlaps the hyponychium
4. Matrix - the only living reproducing part of the nail. This is
situated directly below the cuticle. New cells form here and
continually push towards to produce the nail plate. It also
contains blood vessels and

nerves. Blood supply provides the cells with nourishment. If the
matrix is damaged the nail will grow deformed.
5. Nail bed - the part of the nail where the nail plate rests on, also
a continuation of the matrix. It is abundantly supplied with blood
vessels and nerves, having numerous parallel ridges which
dovetail exactly with the ridges on the under surface of the nail
plate.
6. Nail walls - the folds of skin that overlap the sides of the nail.
They hold your nail in place and protect the nail plate edges.
7. Nail Plate - is visible nail that rests on the nail bed up to the free
edge. This is made up from dead cells and minimum amount of
moisture. The nail is semi-transparent – allowing the color of
blood supply of the dermis to show.

Shapes of Nail
The shape of nail conforms to that of finger tips of an individual.
Oval Almond
Stiletto pointed Squoval
Square
Round

1. Oval nail - this is common among people with long, perfect
nail beds. It may be styled slightly rounded at the base and
slightly pointed at the fingertips. Most often this type of nail has
a natural look and looks very good in a short-medium length.
2. Round nail - ideal for shorter nails, the nail is allowed to grow
out straight at the sides for approximately 1.5 mm and then the
tip is filed into a rounded shape. This is a strong shape which is
great for those who keep their nails short.
3. Stiletto/ pointed nail - filed away at the sides to a point at
the tip; this shape is very weak as the sides of the nail (which
provide the strength) are totally lost

4. Squoval - As above, but followed by squaring off the tip, this
gives the nail tip strength over the oval shape
5. Square nail- The square-shaped nails are the most famous
among the nail shapes. It is created by allowing the nail to grow
out straight and then filing the tip straight across at right angles
with the rest of the nail plate.

Plain manicure. It is the traditional application of nail polish to the
entire nail plate.
Different basic nail designs

Half-Moon. Half moon is a style that involves applying of nail
polish over the whole nail plate except the area of lunula.

Half- Moon with Tip. It involves the application of colored polish
over the whole nail plate except thearea of lunula and tip of the
nail.

French Manicure or Tip design : Variation no. 1. It is a design
which involves the application of colored polish over the whole
part of the nail except the area of the free-edge.

French Manicure or Tip design - Variation no. 2. It involves the
application of white nail polish or colored polish on the tips and
coating the rest of the nail with a sheer polish . It’s suitable for
short nails and those with moderate length of nails

Elephant Tusk. Elephant tusk is a style that involves the appli-
cation of nail polish to create S curve, leaving a slightly larger gap
along the nail walls.

Directions: Choose the letter of the correct answer. Write your
answer on a separate sheet.
1. A tool that is used to push back or loosen the cuticles.
a. Cuticle remover c. Cuticle nail pusher
b. Nail File d. Emery board
2. An implement that is used to shape the free edges of the nail
with the coarse side and bevel the nail with the finer side.
a. Nail Cutter c. Nail Trimmer
b. Nail File d. Nail Buffer
3. The equipment which is used to sanitize or kill bacteria or
micro-organisms in metal implements.
a. Hand Spa Machine c. Solvent
b. Buffer d. Sterilizer

4. The implement with pointed and rounded ends to remove
excess polish.
a. Orangewood Stick c. Nail Buffer
b. Nail File d. Emery board
5. The electronic gadget which is used to soothe pain of arthritis,
muscle spasms and dry skin of the hands.
a. Sterilizer c. Hand Spa Machine
b. Foot Spa Machine d. Manicure Table
6. It is used to: smooth out ridges on the nails ,give nails a
healthy shine and remove any surface stain.
a. Sterilizer c. Nail file
b. Buffer d. Orangewood stick

7. A type of volcanic rock used to remove callouses.
a. Foot spa basin c. Pumice stone
b. Foot spa tray d. Cotton
8. It is a wheeled cart that is pushed by hand and used for
transporting manicuring and pedicuring tools and materials.
a. Trolley c. Manicure tray
b. Supply tray d. Foot file
9. It is an organic compound used as sanitizer in nail salons.
a. Base coat c. Alcohol
b. Top coat d. Cuticle solvent
10. It is a clear polish applied to the nail plate before the
application of colored polish.
a. Base coat c. Alcohol
b. Top coat d. Cuticle solvent

11. It is the process of destroying all living micro-organisms.
a. Sanitation c. Sterilization
b. Disinfecting d. Sanitization
12. It is the process of destroying some, but not all micro-
organisms using heat or antiseptics.
13. It is a substance used to control micro-organisms on non-
living surfaces.
a. Antiseptic c. Disinfectant
b. Solvent d. Nail Hardener

14. It is an agent that prevents the multiplication of micro-
organisms.
a. Antiseptic c. Disinfectant
b. Solvent d. Nail Hardener
15. It is the application of measures to promote public health and
prevent the spread of infectious diseases.
16.It is the chance or probability that a person will be harmed or
will experience an adverse health effect if exposed to a hazard
a. Harm b. risk c. ergonomics

17. It is an adverse health effect on something or someone under
certain conditions at work.
a. harm b. risk c .ergonomics
18. It involves identifying the hazards present and then
evaluating the risk, taking into account the existing precautions.
a. risk assessment b. training c. experience
19.It is important to give the health and safety experience to new
or inexperienced workers, including those that have been away
from the workforce for some time
a. training b. exposure c .hygiene
20. It is a practice in some beauty salons that may affect the
health of customers and workers that may lead to exposure to
biological hazards that cause infectious diseases.
a. unsafe practices b. fungi c. activities

21. If spillage occurs
a. walk over it
b. shout for help
c. throw towel over it
d. identify the spillage to everyone and clean up appropriately
22. To avoid product contamination always:
a. dispose of used or remaining product between clients
b. use an applicator bottle or dropper to apply the product.
c. Use single-use disposable implements to remove products
from containers for application or remove product with a clean
and disinfected spatula and put product to be used into a
disposable or disinfectable service cup.
d. all of the above

23. If you are carrying out a nail service and the alarm sounds ,
you should
a. leave the workplace and run
b. leave the client to relax while you go out to safe area
c. ignore it-it might be false alarm
d. assist your client to the nearest exit and safe place
24. Occupational health and safety risk assessment is carried out
to
a. make the nail salon look professional
b. assess the risk of using chemical substances
c. assess the risk of using equipment
d. preventing injury, infection or accidents

25. An overloaded socket requires you to
a. repair and obtain an extension wire until new sockets can
be fitted.
b. keep on using it
c. ensure candles are not near to it
d. inform people of wet floor

1. Cuticle Nail Pusher
2. Nail File
3. Sterilizer
4. Orangewood Stick
5. Hand Spa Machine
6. Buffer
7. Pumice Stone
8. Trolley
9. Alcohol
10. Base coat
11. Sterilization
12. Sanitization
13. Disinfectant
14. Antiseptic
15. Sanitation
16.Risk
17.Harm
18.Risk assessment
19. Training
20. Unsafe practices
21. Identify the spillage to everyone and
clean up appropriately
22. All of the above
23. Assist your client to the nearest exit and
safe place
24. Preventing injury, infection or accidents
25. Unsafe practices
Answer Key

TLE - Cosmetology nail care

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