Haussmann paris
- 1. P R I S HAUSSMA NN’S
- 2. INTRODUCTION • Paris is the capital and largest city of France. • Located on the Seine in the country's north. • known as "the City of Lights" (la Ville Lumière). • The city of Paris is also widely referred to as the "most romantic the world." • Its the cultural and political centre for Europe since the Ages, Paris preserves many vestiges of its past.
- 3. PRE HAUSSMANN PERIOD • Inhabitants :the Parisian and the Roman Lutetia • The first medieval town wall, built around 1200. • The second medieval wall from the end of the fourteenth century, which under Louis XIV made way for the promenades which would become the grands boulevards of today. • The tariff wall of 1780, demolished in the 1860s and replaced by the boulevards extérieurs. • In the medieval ages – Apart from some of the churches there were practically no monumental accents. – old, spontaneously evolving network of narrow and twisty streets, most of which ran parallel or away from the bank of the river,
- 4. PROBLEMS WITH THE OLD PARIS• The Centre of Paris was overcrowded, dark, dangerous, and unhealthy. • The population density was extremely high and was increasing • Due to unsanitary living conditions of peopleCholera epidemics ravaged the city in 1832 and 1848. – In the epidemic of 1848, five percent of the inhabitants in many neighbourhood died
- 5. PROBLEMS WITH THE OLD PARIS • Centre of the city was a cradle of discontent and revolution which made it difficult for the army troops to quell the rebels in the narrow streets • Traffic circulation was another major problem. widest streets were only five meters wide; the narrowest were only one or two meters wide
- 6. • The Bievre river was used to dump the waste from the tanneries of Paris; it emptied into the Seine. • The city, had been untouched since the MiddleAges, was in dire need of reflecting the new modern ways and putting an end to the spreading medical epidemics. • The tight confines of Medieval Paris were hindering the city’s potential for growth and desire to transform into a well- organized urban centre. PROBLEMS WITH THE OLD PARIS
- 7. • some main streets running more or less straight through the city, for the most part it is chaotic and unplanned PROBLEMS WITH THE OLD PARIS
- 8. HAUSSMANN’S PARIS • King Louis-Philippe overthrown in the February Revolution of 1848. • 10 December 1848, Louis-Napoléon Bonaparte, the nephew of Napoléon Bonaparte, won the first direct presidential elections ever held in France • In 1851 his term expired couldn’t carry out the changes he envisioned • on 2 December 1852, declared himself Emperor, adopting the throne name Napoléon III after staging a coup and imprisoning his opponents • selected Georges Eugène Haussmann as the Prefect Of Siene • Emperor showed him the map of Paris and instructed Haussmann :to give it air and open space, to connect and unify the different parts of the city into one whole, and to make the city more beautiful
- 9. HAUSSMANN’S PARIS 1.NEW ROAD SYSTEM First phase of renovation :- Construction of grande croisée de paris – A great cross in the centre of paris that would permit easier communication from east to west Second phase of renovation :- Construction of a network of boulevard – Network of wide boulevards to connect the interior of and to the new railroad stations
- 10. HAUSSMANN’S PARIS Third phase of renovation :- – Creation of new Avenues – Construction of 28 more boulevards
- 11. HAUSSMANN’S PARIS ADVANTAGES OF NEW ROAD SYSTEM • featured straight, wide roads. • more geometric than the original layout. • new straight lines contrasted the layout that existed before. • provided more direct routes than the previous winding, narrow roads did. • improved traffic flow and allowed for passage of military troops. • all main roads to pass major buildings monuments. • but it allowed beautiful, modern be easily viewed DISADVANTAGES OF NEW ROAD SYSTEM • destroyed numerous neighbourhoods and historic buildings in the process. • created much controversy and disappointment among citizens.
- 12. HAUSSMANN’S PARIS 2.SEWER SYSTEM • Haussmann engineered a new underground sewer system that separated drinking water and waste. • His sewer used iron piping and new digging techniques made possible by the Industrial Revolution. • The wide street system built by Haussmann allowed the sewage system to be built underground.
- 13. HAUSSMANN’S PARIS 3. FACADES OF BUILDING • Haussmann and Napoleon III wanted the buildings of Paris to share a unifying theme. • The city was rebuilt with a neoclassical facade that has is still typical of Paris today. • The widening of the streets allowed for extra height to be added to the buildings increasing living space. • The ground floor would usually be reserved for shops or other businesses. • the outside facade is fancy, Haussmann employed cost saving measures beneath the exterior,
- 14. HAUSSMANN’S PARIS The buildings were hidden behind Haussmann building- disappearance of Passage du Clos- Bruneau in the Latin quarter.The passage still very much exists, but it’s now hidden behind Haussmann buildings.
- 15. HAUSSMANN’S PARIS 4.BOULEVARDSWITH GAS STREET LAMPS 1828 when main boulevards lighted with gas street lamps. Old streets of Paris with no street lights
- 16. HAUSSMANN’S PARIS 5.Haussmann’s ideas were sleek and modern compared to the traditional systems that previously existed. He also created more green space by creating parks within the city.
- 17. HAUSSMANN’S PARIS SOCIAL IMPACT • Haussmann was unwilling to compromise his ideas. • His plans evicted poor citizens from the city when he destroyed their neighbourhoods. • He was forceful which caused people to dislike him and the way he fulfilled his plans • many small businesses were destroyed and traditions were broke.
- 18. HAUSSMANN’S PARIS CRITICS OF HAUSSMANN’S PARIS • Triumphant vulgarity • The debate about military purposes of Haussmann’s boulevard • Social disruption
- 19. • Alvarado, %. E. (2011, July 8). Baron Haussmann and the modernization of Paris. Retrieved March 4, 2017, from http://www.museumofthecity.org/project/haussmann-and-revival-of-paris/ • Lost Paris: Documenting the disappearance of a Medieval City. (2013, October 11). Retrieved March 4, 2017, from http://www.messynessychic.com/2013/10/11/lost- paris-documenting-the-disappearance-of-a-medieval-city/ REFERENCES
- 20. THANK YOU Archana Mohanty 114ar0033 Nayan Patel 114ar0012
Editor's Notes
- #3: ), dates from 1828 when it became the first city in Europe to light its main boulevards with gas street lamps