Unit iv FMIS
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This document outlines a pyramid model for classifying different types of information systems based on their purpose and use within an organization. At the bottom is transaction processing systems which manage basic operations and data. Next is management information systems which provide structured reports to aid middle management. Then decision support systems which help senior managers analyze existing data and simulate future outcomes. The top level is executive information systems which provide both internal and external data to executives for strategic planning.
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Unit iv FMIS
- 2. INFORMATION SYSTEMS ■ this is a three level pyramid model based on the type of decisions taken at different levels in the organization.
- 3. INFORMATION SYSTEMS ■ Five level pyramid model based on the processing requirement of different levels in the organization
- 4. INFORMATION SYSTEMS ■ Four level pyramid model based on the different levels of hierarchy in the organization
- 5. 1. Transaction Processing Systems ■ Transaction Processing System are operational-level systems at the bottom of the pyramid. They are usually operated directly by shop floor workers or front line staff, which provide the key data required to support the management of operations. This data is usually obtained through the automated or semi-automated tracking of low- level activities and basic transactions.
- 6. 1. Transaction Processing Systems ■ Functions of aTPS Functions of aTPS in terms of data processing requirements Inputs Processing Outputs Transactions Events Validation Sorting Listing Merging Updating Calculation Lists Detail reports Action reports Summary reports
- 7. 1. Transaction Processing Systems Some examples ofTPS ■ Payroll systems ■ Order processing systems ■ Reservation systems ■ Stock control systems ■ Systems for payments and funds transfers The role ofTPS ■ Produce information for other systems ■ Cross boundaries (internal and external) ■ Used by operational personnel + supervisory levels ■ Efficiency oriented
- 8. 2. Management Information Systems ■ What is a Management Information System? ■ For historical reasons, many of the different types of Information Systems found in commercial organizations are referred to as "Management Information Systems". However, within our pyramid model, Management Information Systems are management-level systems that are used by middle managers to help ensure the smooth running of the organization in the short to medium term. The highly structured information provided by these systems allows managers to evaluate an organization's performance by comparing current with previous outputs.
- 9. 2. Management Information Systems Functions of a MIS ■ MIS are built on the data provided by theTPS Functions of a MIS in terms of data processing requirements Inputs Processing Outputs InternalTransactions Internal Files Structured data Sorting Merging Summarizing Summary reports Action reports Detailed reports
- 10. 2. Management Information Systems Some examples of MIS ■ Sales management systems ■ Inventory control systems ■ Budgeting systems ■ Management Reporting Systems (MRS) ■ Personnel (HRM) systems The role of MIS ■ Based on internal information flows ■ Support relatively structured decisions ■ Inflexible and have little analytical capacity ■ Used by lower and middle managerial levels ■ Deals with the past and present rather than the future ■ Efficiency oriented
- 11. 3. Decision Support Systems What is a Decision Support System? ■ A Decision Support System can be seen as knowledge based system, used by senior managers, which facilitates the creation of knowledge and allow its integration into the organization. These systems are often used to analyze existing structured information and allow managers to project the potential effects of their decisions into the future. Such systems are usually interactive and are used to solve ill structured problems. They offer access to databases, analytical tools, allow "what if" simulations, and may support the exchange of information within the organization.
- 12. 3. Decision Support Systems Functions of a DSS DSS manipulate and build upon the information from a MIS and/or TPS to generate insights and new information. Functions of a DSS in terms of data processing requirements Inputs Processing Outputs InternalTransactions Internal Files External Information Modelling Simulation Analysis Summarizing Summary reports Forecasts Graphs / Plots
- 13. 3. Decision Support Systems Some examples of DSS ■ Group Decision Support Systems (GDSS) ■ Computer Supported Co-operative work (CSCW) ■ Logistics systems ■ Financial Planning systems ■ Spreadsheet Models The role of DSS ■ Support ill- structured or semi-structured decisions ■ Have analytical and/or modelling capacity ■ Used by more senior managerial levels ■ Are concerned with predicting the future ■ Are effectiveness oriented
- 14. 4. Executive Information Systems ■ What is an EIS? ■ Executive Information Systems are strategic-level information systems that are found at the top of the Pyramid. They help executives and senior managers analyze the environment in which the organization operates, to identify long-term trends, and to plan appropriate courses of action. The information in such systems is often weakly structured and comes from both internal and external sources. Executive Information System are designed to be operated directly by executives without the need for intermediaries and easily tailored to the preferences of the individual using them.
- 15. 4. Executive Information Systems ■ Functions of an EIS ■ EIS organizes and presents data and information from both external data sources and internal MIS orTPS in order to support and extend the inherent capabilities of senior executives. Functions of a EIS in terms of data processing requirements Inputs Processing Outputs External Data Internal Files Pre-defined models Summarizing Simulation "Drilling Down" Summary reports Forecasts Graphs / Plots
- 16. 4. Executive Information Systems Some examples of EIS : Executive Information Systems tend to be highly individualized and are often custom made for a particular client group; however, a number of off-the-shelf EIS packages do exist and many enterprise level systems offer a customizable EIS module. The role of EIS ■ Are concerned with ease of use ■ Are concerned with predicting the future ■ Are effectiveness oriented ■ Are highly flexible ■ Support unstructured decisions ■ Use internal and external data sources ■ Used only at the most senior management levels
- 17. Prerequisites of MIS ■ 1. Should give valid information. ■ 2. Should be management information system. ■ 3. Should support the decisions taken. ■ 4. Should be a unified system. ■ 5. Should not be a manipulated information system. ■ 6. Should be very accurate in nature, ■ 7. Also should be quick in nature. ■ 8. Should be compatible. ■ 9. Should be beneficial. ■ 10. Should be cost effective in nature. ■ 11. Principle of selectivity must be brought into use. ■ 12. Should bring into use the principle of ‘control by exception’. ■ 13. Must involve the users. ■ 14. User orientation should be an integral part.