A number of large banks and energy companies are working together to develop a blockchain-based trading platform for energy commodities. ING, ABN Amro, and Shell are among those participating in the initiative, with the goal of digitizing processes and reducing risks. Separately, a startup called ImpactPPA is using blockchain technology and smart contracts to facilitate renewable energy projects and power purchase agreements around the world. Finally, a consortium of insurers including Aegon and Achmea have developed a blockchain prototype and plan to start testing it in October with the goal of increasing efficiency.