The How and Why of Windows containers
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The document discusses Windows containers and how they compare to Linux containers. It covers installing and using Windows containers, building Windows container images, networking and data volumes, and running containers in production using tools like Docker Swarm and Kubernetes. It also explores Windows Hyper-V isolation and the potential future of running more applications as containers on Windows.
![PS C:> docker run -it
--name iisbase
windowsservercore cmd
[iisbase] C:>
Thank you to https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-
us/virtualization/windowscontainers/quick_start/manage_docker](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/windowscontainers-160901121848/85/The-How-and-Why-of-Windows-containers-36-320.jpg)
![FROM microsoft/windowsservercore
LABEL Description="Nginx" Vendor=Nginx" Version="1.0.13”
RUN powershell -Command
$ErrorActionPreference = 'Stop';
Invoke-WebRequest -Method Get -Uri http://nginx.org/download/nginx-
1.9.13.zip -OutFile c:nginx-1.9.13.zip ;
Expand-Archive -Path c:nginx-1.9.13.zip -DestinationPath c: ;
Remove-Item c:nginx-1.9.13.zip –Force
WORKDIR /nginx-1.9.13
CMD ["/nginx-1.9.13/nginx.exe"]](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/windowscontainers-160901121848/85/The-How-and-Why-of-Windows-containers-46-320.jpg)
![FROM microsoft/dotnet35
ENV sql_express_download_url "https://download.microsoft.com/download/1/5/6/156992E6-F7C7-4E55-833D-
249BD2348138/ENU/x64/SQLEXPR_x64_ENU.exe"
ENV sa_password _
ENV attach_dbs "[]”
COPY . /
WORKDIR /
RUN powershell -Command (New-Object System.Net.WebClient).DownloadFile('%sql_express_download_url%', 'sqlexpress.exe') &&
/sqlexpress.exe /qs /x:setup && /setup/setup.exe /q /ACTION=Install /INSTANCENAME=SQLEXPRESS /FEATURES=SQLEngine
/UPDATEENABLED=0 /SQLSVCACCOUNT="NT AUTHORITYSystem" /SQLSYSADMINACCOUNTS="BUILTINADMINISTRATORS"
/TCPENABLED=1 /NPENABLED=0 /IACCEPTSQLSERVERLICENSETERMS && del /F /Q sqlexpress.exe && rd /q /s setup
RUN powershell -Command
set-strictmode -version latest ;
stop-service MSSQL`$SQLEXPRESS ;
set-itemproperty -path 'HKLM:softwaremicrosoftmicrosoft sql servermssql12.SQLEXPRESSmssqlserversupersocketnetlibtcpipall' -
name tcpdynamicports -value '' ;
set-itemproperty -path 'HKLM:softwaremicrosoftmicrosoft sql servermssql12.SQLEXPRESSmssqlserversupersocketnetlibtcpipall' -
name tcpport -value 1433 ;
set-itemproperty -path 'HKLM:softwaremicrosoftmicrosoft sql servermssql12.SQLEXPRESSmssqlserver' -name LoginMode -value
2 ;
CMD powershell ./start -sa_password %sa_password% -attach_dbs "%attach_dbs%" -Verbose](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/windowscontainers-160901121848/85/The-How-and-Why-of-Windows-containers-47-320.jpg)
![FROM microsoft/nanoserver
ENV GOLANG_VERSION 1.6
ENV GOLANG_DOWNLOAD_URL "https://golang.org/dl/go$GOLANG_VERSION.windows-amd64.zip"
RUN powershell.exe -Command ;
$handler = New-Object System.Net.Http.HttpClientHandler ;
$client = New-Object System.Net.Http.HttpClient($handler) ;
$client.Timeout = New-Object System.TimeSpan(0, 30, 0) ;
$cancelTokenSource = [System.Threading.CancellationTokenSource]::new() ;
$responseMsg = $client.GetAsync([System.Uri]::new('%GOLANG_DOWNLOAD_URL%'), $cancelTokenSource.Token) ;
$responseMsg.Wait() ;
$downloadedFileStream = [System.IO.FileStream]::new('c:go.zip', [System.IO.FileMode]::Create,
[System.IO.FileAccess]::Write) ;
$response = $responseMsg.Result ;
$copyStreamOp = $response.Content.CopyToAsync($downloadedFileStream) ;
$copyStreamOp.Wait() ;
$downloadedFileStream.Close() ;
[System.IO.Compression.ZipFile]::ExtractToDirectory('c:go.zip','c:') ;
Remove-Item c:go.zip -Force
RUN powershell.exe -Command $path = $env:path + ';c:gobin'; Set-ItemProperty -Path
'HKLM:SYSTEMCurrentControlSetControlSession ManagerEnvironment' -Name Path -Value $path](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/windowscontainers-160901121848/85/The-How-and-Why-of-Windows-containers-48-320.jpg)
![{
"schemaVersion": 2,
"mediaType": "application/vnd.docker.distribution.manifest.list.v2+json",
"manifests": [
{
"mediaType": "application/vnd.docker.image.manifest.v2+json",
"size": 7143,
"digest": "sha256:e692418e4cbaf90ca69d05a66403747baa33ee08806650b51fab815ad7fc331f",
"platform": {
"architecture": ”amd64",
"os": "linux",
}
},
{
"mediaType": "application/vnd.docker.image.manifest.v2+json",
"size": 7682,
"digest": "sha256:5b0bcabd1ed22e9fb1310cf6c2dec7cdef19f0ad69efa1f392e94a4333501270",
"platform": {
"architecture": "amd64",
"os": ”windows",
"features": [
"sse4"
]](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/windowscontainers-160901121848/85/The-How-and-Why-of-Windows-containers-57-320.jpg)
![[DllImport("vmcompute.dll", PreserveSig = false, ExactSpelling = true)]
IntPtr computeSystem;
h.CreateComputeSystem(id, JsonHelper.ToJson(hcsSettings), IntPtr.Zero, out computeSystem);
return Container.Initialize(id, computeSystem, settings.KillOnClose, h);](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/windowscontainers-160901121848/85/The-How-and-Why-of-Windows-containers-64-320.jpg)
![Docker for Developers - php[tek] 2017](https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/dockerfordevelopers-trainingtek2017-170523133513-thumbnail.jpg?width=560&fit=bounds)
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The How and Why of Windows containers
- 1. The Why and How of Windows Containers @Ben_Hall [email protected] OcelotUproar.com / Katacoda.com
- 4. The Why and How of Windows Containers @Ben_Hall [email protected] OcelotUproar.com / Katacoda.com
- 5. @Ben_Hall / Blog.BenHall.me.uk Tech Support > Tester > Developer > Founder > Docker London Organiser Software Development Studio WHOAMI?
- 6. Learn via Interactive Browser-Based Labs Katacoda.com
- 7. Agenda • Windows Server 2016 • Building and deploying Windows Containers • Differences to Linux • Hyper-V Containers • Docker API / Kubernetes / Swarm • Future
- 9. Batteries included but removable
- 12. http://windows-wallpapers.net/wp-content/uploads/images/1c/windows-98.png
- 13. Currently TP5 – RTM in two weeks?
- 15. Windows Containers Windows Kernel Windows Server 2016 SQL Server MSMQ IIS / ASP.NET Docker Engine
- 16. Windows Hyper-V Containers Windows Kernel Windows Server 2016 SQL Server MSMQ IIS / ASP.NET Windows Kernel Windows Utility VM Hyper-V Docker Engine
- 18. Windows Server Core • Nearly Win32 Compatible • Same behaviour of Windows • Install all of the same tooling
- 19. Windows Nano • Stripped down • Smallest footprint • 1/20th the size of Windows Server Core • Only essential components – Hyper-V, Clustering, Networking, Storage, .Net, Core CLR
- 20. Windows Server Core => Ubuntu Linux Windows Nano => Alpine Linux Windows Server Core => Legacy Apps? Windows Nano => Modern Apps?
- 22. C:> Install-WindowsFeature containers C:> wget -uri https://aka.ms/tp5/Install-ContainerHost - OutFile C:Install-ContainerHost.ps1 C:> powershell.exe -NoProfile C:Install- ContainerHost.ps1
- 23. C:> Install-WindowsFeature containers C:> Invoke-WebRequest "https://get.docker.com/builds/Windows/x86_64/docker -1.12.0.zip" -OutFile "$env:TEMPdocker-1.12.0.zip" - UseBasicParsing C:> dockerd --register-service C:> Start-Service Docker
- 28. Microsoft
- 29. Windows Linux Subsystem • Completely unrelated • Maybe not in the future…
- 30. What is a Windows Docker Image?
- 31. PS C:> docker images REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED windowsservercore 10.0.10586.0 6801d964fda5 2 weeks ago windowsservercore latest 6801d964fda5 2 weeks ago nanoserver 10.0.10586.0 8572198a60f1 2 weeks ago nanoserver latest 8572198a60f1 2 weeks ago
- 32. PS C:> docker run -it windowsservercore cmd Thank you to https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-
- 33. Note: cmd launches a UI Thank you to https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-
- 34. SSMS
- 35. Building Windows based Docker Images
- 36. PS C:> docker run -it --name iisbase windowsservercore cmd [iisbase] C:> Thank you to https://msdn.microsoft.com/en- us/virtualization/windowscontainers/quick_start/manage_docker
- 37. PS C:> docker run -it --name iisbase windowsservercore cmd C:> powershell.exe Install-WindowsFeature web-server C:> exit PS C:> docker commit iisbase windowsservercoreiis 4193c9f34e320c4e2c52ec52550df225b2243927ed21f014fbfff3f29474 b090
- 39. PS C:> docker run -it -p 80:80 windowsservercoreiis cmd
- 40. docker commit is an anti-pattern Use a Dockerfile
- 41. PS C:> docker search windowservercore
- 42. C:SourceCodeApp> type Dockerfile FROM microsoft/iis:10 RUN echo "Hello World - Dockerfile" > c:inetpubwwwrootindex.html
- 43. C:SourceCode> docker build –t app . PS C:> docker images REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED app latest k23jjin423d 1 minutes ago iis 10 as4w9c928829 9 minutes ago windowsservercore 10.0.10586.0 6801d964fda5 2 weeks ago windowsservercore latest 6801d964fda5 2 weeks ago nanoserver 10.0.10586.0 8572198a60f1 2 weeks ago nanoserver latest 8572198a60f1 2 weeks ago
- 44. PS C:> docker run -it -p 80:80 app cmd
- 45. PS C:> docker run -it -p 80:80 --isolation=hyperv app cmd
- 46. FROM microsoft/windowsservercore LABEL Description="Nginx" Vendor=Nginx" Version="1.0.13” RUN powershell -Command $ErrorActionPreference = 'Stop'; Invoke-WebRequest -Method Get -Uri http://nginx.org/download/nginx- 1.9.13.zip -OutFile c:nginx-1.9.13.zip ; Expand-Archive -Path c:nginx-1.9.13.zip -DestinationPath c: ; Remove-Item c:nginx-1.9.13.zip –Force WORKDIR /nginx-1.9.13 CMD ["/nginx-1.9.13/nginx.exe"]
- 47. FROM microsoft/dotnet35 ENV sql_express_download_url "https://download.microsoft.com/download/1/5/6/156992E6-F7C7-4E55-833D- 249BD2348138/ENU/x64/SQLEXPR_x64_ENU.exe" ENV sa_password _ ENV attach_dbs "[]” COPY . / WORKDIR / RUN powershell -Command (New-Object System.Net.WebClient).DownloadFile('%sql_express_download_url%', 'sqlexpress.exe') && /sqlexpress.exe /qs /x:setup && /setup/setup.exe /q /ACTION=Install /INSTANCENAME=SQLEXPRESS /FEATURES=SQLEngine /UPDATEENABLED=0 /SQLSVCACCOUNT="NT AUTHORITYSystem" /SQLSYSADMINACCOUNTS="BUILTINADMINISTRATORS" /TCPENABLED=1 /NPENABLED=0 /IACCEPTSQLSERVERLICENSETERMS && del /F /Q sqlexpress.exe && rd /q /s setup RUN powershell -Command set-strictmode -version latest ; stop-service MSSQL`$SQLEXPRESS ; set-itemproperty -path 'HKLM:softwaremicrosoftmicrosoft sql servermssql12.SQLEXPRESSmssqlserversupersocketnetlibtcpipall' - name tcpdynamicports -value '' ; set-itemproperty -path 'HKLM:softwaremicrosoftmicrosoft sql servermssql12.SQLEXPRESSmssqlserversupersocketnetlibtcpipall' - name tcpport -value 1433 ; set-itemproperty -path 'HKLM:softwaremicrosoftmicrosoft sql servermssql12.SQLEXPRESSmssqlserver' -name LoginMode -value 2 ; CMD powershell ./start -sa_password %sa_password% -attach_dbs "%attach_dbs%" -Verbose
- 48. FROM microsoft/nanoserver ENV GOLANG_VERSION 1.6 ENV GOLANG_DOWNLOAD_URL "https://golang.org/dl/go$GOLANG_VERSION.windows-amd64.zip" RUN powershell.exe -Command ; $handler = New-Object System.Net.Http.HttpClientHandler ; $client = New-Object System.Net.Http.HttpClient($handler) ; $client.Timeout = New-Object System.TimeSpan(0, 30, 0) ; $cancelTokenSource = [System.Threading.CancellationTokenSource]::new() ; $responseMsg = $client.GetAsync([System.Uri]::new('%GOLANG_DOWNLOAD_URL%'), $cancelTokenSource.Token) ; $responseMsg.Wait() ; $downloadedFileStream = [System.IO.FileStream]::new('c:go.zip', [System.IO.FileMode]::Create, [System.IO.FileAccess]::Write) ; $response = $responseMsg.Result ; $copyStreamOp = $response.Content.CopyToAsync($downloadedFileStream) ; $copyStreamOp.Wait() ; $downloadedFileStream.Close() ; [System.IO.Compression.ZipFile]::ExtractToDirectory('c:go.zip','c:') ; Remove-Item c:go.zip -Force RUN powershell.exe -Command $path = $env:path + ';c:gobin'; Set-ItemProperty -Path 'HKLM:SYSTEMCurrentControlSetControlSession ManagerEnvironment' -Name Path -Value $path
- 50. Windows Updates?
- 51. Networking > docker run -it --mac="92:d0:c6:0a:29:33" windowsservercore cmd > docker run –it -p 8082:80 windowsservercore cmd > Multi-host out the box
- 52. Persisting Data – Data Volumes > docker run –v <host-dir>:<container-dir> image -v C:source:C:dest -v C:container-shareconfig.ini -v d:
- 53. Limit CPU Shares > docker run -it --cpu-shares 2 --name dockerdemo windowsservercore cmd
- 54. Powershell API PS C:> Get-ContainerImage Name Publisher Version IsOSImage ---- --------- ------- --------- NanoServer CN=Microsoft 10.0.10584.1000 True WindowsServerCore CN=Microsoft 10.0.10584.1000 True
- 55. PS C:> New-Container -ContainerImageName WindowsServerCore -Name demo - ContainerComputerName demo Name State Uptime ParentImageName ---- ----- ------ --------------- demo Off 00:00:00 WindowsServerCore
- 56. What’s happening under the covers?
- 57. { "schemaVersion": 2, "mediaType": "application/vnd.docker.distribution.manifest.list.v2+json", "manifests": [ { "mediaType": "application/vnd.docker.image.manifest.v2+json", "size": 7143, "digest": "sha256:e692418e4cbaf90ca69d05a66403747baa33ee08806650b51fab815ad7fc331f", "platform": { "architecture": ”amd64", "os": "linux", } }, { "mediaType": "application/vnd.docker.image.manifest.v2+json", "size": 7682, "digest": "sha256:5b0bcabd1ed22e9fb1310cf6c2dec7cdef19f0ad69efa1f392e94a4333501270", "platform": { "architecture": "amd64", "os": ”windows", "features": [ "sse4" ]
- 58. No Containerd / RunC Introducing the Compute Service
- 63. var cs = new ContainerSettings { SandboxPath = path, Layers = layers, KillOnClose = true, NetworkId = HostComputeService.FindNatNetwork(), }; using (var container = HostComputeService.CreateContainer(id.ToString(), cs)) { Console.Out.WriteLine("starting container"); Console.Out.Flush(); container.Start(); var si = new ProcessStartInfo { CommandLine = command }; using (var process = container.CreateProcess(si)) { Console.Out.Write(process.StandardOutput.ReadToEnd()); process.WaitForExit(5000); Console.Out.WriteLine("process exited with {0}", process.ExitCode); } container.Shutdown(Timeout.Infinite); }
- 64. [DllImport("vmcompute.dll", PreserveSig = false, ExactSpelling = true)] IntPtr computeSystem; h.CreateComputeSystem(id, JsonHelper.ToJson(hcsSettings), IntPtr.Zero, out computeSystem); return Container.Initialize(id, computeSystem, settings.KillOnClose, h);
- 66. Windows Hyper-V Isolation • Problem: Shared Kernel • Solution: Super lightweight virtual machines • Intel Clear Containers • Ubuntu LXD • IBM are working on something
- 67. PS C:> docker run -it -p 80:80 --isolation=hyperv app cmd 1) Windows starts 'Utility VM‘ and freezes state 2) Forks VM state, brings up a fresh second VM 3) Launches container on VM
- 68. Properties of Windows Utility VM • Invisible to Docker and containers • All writes are degraded • Separate Kernel to host • SMB file share to access host data • In the future used for Linux containers?
- 70. Now Available • Windows 10 Insider Release • https://msdn.microsoft.com/en- us/virtualization/windowscontainers/quick_st art/quick_start_windows_10
- 71. Running Containers in Production
- 72. Swarm
- 73. https://stefanscherer.github.io/build-your-local-windows-docker-swarm/
- 74. Constraint Scheduler $ docker run -e constraint:ostypelabel==windowscompat windowservercore cmd $ docker run -e constraint:ostypelabel==linuxcompat ubuntu bash
- 76. Microsoft, Apprenda, Red Hat https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/issues/22623
- 77. Mesosphere DC/OS Powering Azure Container Service
- 78. Host Fingerprinting • Constraints based deployment • Container is based on Nano Server, within cluster, deploy to server capable of running Nano Server (ie. Windows Server 2016)Host Fingerprinting
- 80. The Future?
- 82. SQL Server as a Container
- 83. Visual Studio as a Container?
- 84. Everything as a Container
- 85. Deploy Anywhere
- 86. www.katacoda.com
- 89. Next Steps • Katacoda • Microsoft Ignite Conference in two/three weeks • Windows Server 2016 on Azure • Windows 10 Insider Release
Editor's Notes
- #53: Story of data being lost