Indonesian mangroves the best hope for global climate change mitigation
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Daniel Murdiyarso and Sigit D. Sasmito emphasize the significance of Indonesian mangroves in combating climate change, highlighting their role in carbon storage and ecosystem services. The document outlines the urgent need for policies to preserve these vital wetlands, which are under threat from deforestation. It stresses that effective climate change mitigation strategies should involve multi-stakeholder collaboration and adaptation efforts centered around mangrove ecosystems.
Indonesian mangroves the best hope for global climate change mitigation
- 1. Daniel Murdiyarso and Sigit D. Sasmito, CIFOR Indonesian mangroves: the best hope for global climate change mitigation
- 2. What is SWAMP? The overall goal is to provide policy makers with credible scientific information needed to make sound decisions relating to the role of tropical wetlands in climate change adaptation and mitigation strategies. The specific objectives are to: • Quantify GHG emissions and C-stocks and changes • Develop models of ecosystem C-dynamics • Assess the roles of tropical wetland ecosystems in climate change adaptation • Build the capacity and outreach stakeholders
- 3. Where Do We Work?
- 4. 40 SWAMP publications Peer-reviewed Journals Working papers 73,815 downloads 15,338 distributed
- 5. Why Mangroves? • Mangroves are important in the global carbon cycles • Very high C stocks (blue carbon), some of the highest on the planet • Highest rates in deforestation/land cover change in the tropics GHG emissions • Mangroves provide numerous ecosystem services • Habitat for rare and endangered species • Coastal systems protect from storms and tsunamis and sea level rise • Breeding and rearing habitat for fish and shellfish • Sources of wood and other forest products • Ecotourism
- 6. Are mangroves forgotten ecosystem? Source: Friess et al. Conservation Biology (Accepted)
- 7. Mangroves vs Coral Reefs Nemo: Clown fish Habitat: Coral reefs Finding “Nemo” vs Finding “Dragon of Muds” Dragon of muds: Mudskipper Habitat: Mangroves VS
- 8. Finding mangrove: Why Indonesia? • 22.6% (2.9 Mha) of global mangroves • The highest deforestation rate in earth (52,000 ha/year) or 6% of national deforestation rates • Mainly are located in West Papua, Kalimantan dan Sumatra • About 50 mangrove tree species found and dominated by Rhizopora spp. Source: Giri et al. (2010); FAO (2007); Spalding et al. (1997) Sembilang Kubu Raya Tanjung Puting Cilacap Bunaken Teminabuan Bintuni Timika
- 9. How do we work? a “dirty” science
- 10. Donato et al. Nature Geoscience (2011) Findings: Indo-West Pacific
- 11. Our New Findings: Indonesia • Ecosystem C stocks 1,083 ± 378 Mg C ha–1 • Soil (78%) • Biomass (20%) • Necromass (2%) • Total stocks: 3.14 PgC • Area • 1980: 4.2 Mha (FAO 207) 40% loss • 2000: 3.1 Mha 52,000 ha/yr • 2005: 2.9 Mha (FAO, 2007) (1.4 %/yr) • 2009: 2.6 Mha (MoF, 2009) • Mangrove loss 6% of the total forest loss • CC mitigation potentials 0. 19 Pg CO2eq yr-1 19% of the total national GHG emissions Murdiyarso et al. Nature Climate Change (2015)
- 12. Mangrove C stocks across Indonesian archipelago Murdiyarso et al. Nature Climate Change (2015)
- 13. Land Use Emission Vs Aquaculture Expansion
- 14. NEW APPROACHES FOR RESTORATION AND SUSTAINABLE MANAGEMENT Photo by: Ben Brown Firewood ???$ Mangrove Crab ???$Ecotourism ??$ Integrating science with local objectives Bosma et al. 2014 Integrated Associated Separated Idealized?
- 15. Key messages • Mangroves are important in global carbon cycles and provide numerous ecosystem services • Mangroves are threatened ecosystem with low scientific recognition • Mangroves are one of the most carbon-richest ecosystem in the planet • Indonesian mangroves are matter for global climate change mitigation strategy • Mitigation-based adaptation may be promoted at all levels across multiple- stakeholders
Editor's Notes
- #4: We have been working in pan tropical region covering 25 countries with the distribution shown here
- #5: We have been generating substantial knowledge to inform public policy-making processes. These range from scientific journals to technical information which is policy-relevant The latest product is “Guiding Principles for Delivering Coastal Wetland C Project” that will be released tomorrow in Indonesia Pavilion next door. This report could possibly be used to bridge into the second Phase where we can also bridge mitigation and adaptation strategies as far as policy community is concerned.
- #6: Tropical wetlands are important in the global carbon balance. Why? - Wetlands store very high carbon stocks, some of the highest on the planet (wetlands are only 0.25% of the total land surface but contain 3% of the world’s soil carbon). They are a source of methane (CH4), another type of greenhouse gas. The rates of wetland cover change/deforestation is high in the tropics. Greenhouse gas emissions from land-use change is much higher than those from converted upland forests.