S3.4. MAIZE IMPROVEMENT IN BANGLADESH
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The document discusses the improvement and expansion of maize cultivation in Bangladesh, highlighting its significance as the third most important cereal crop. It outlines the growth in maize area and production, the factors contributing to its increasing demand, such as feed for poultry and fish farming, and the goals for varietal improvements. Additionally, the document presents challenges in cultivation and concludes with strategies for enhancing productivity to meet future demands amid shrinking cultivable land.
S3.4. MAIZE IMPROVEMENT IN BANGLADESH
- 1. Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute (BARI)
- 2. MAIZE IMPROVEMENT IN BANGLADESH Bhagya Rani Banik, M. Amiruzzaman, Md. Motiar Rohman and A.B.M. Khaldun Plant Breeding Division Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute Gazipur-170, Bangladesh
- 3. Maize in Bangladesh Third most important cereal after rice and wheat New crop: 3100 ha in 1990, 10000 ha in 1995, 202000 ha in 2009-2010 Mostly grown in cool winter Rabi season in North-west and central Bangladesh Expanding at approx 20% per year since early 1990s Production: Approx. 1.37 mill. ton in 2009-2010 Annual requirement: Approx. 2.5 mill. ton 24% maize area is covered by our own seed
- 4. Maize growing seasons in Bangladesh Seasons Growing Climate Maize % Months Temp. Temp. % RH Ecosystem Maize s area Av. Av. Max. Min. Winter Nov-Dec. 28.80 C 17.50 C 60-65 Sub- 80 to Apr-May tropical Summer Feb-Mar to 30.80 C 21.90 C 80-85 Tropical 20 May-Jun
- 5. 600 Dinajpur Gazipur 500 400 Rainfall (mm) 300 200 100 0 ry t il ay ly y r ch ne er r r us ar be be be pr Ju ua ob M ar Ju ug nu em em em A M br ct A Ja ec pt O ov Fe Se D N Fig. 1. Rainfall pattern in drought Dinajpur (Northern part) and Gazipur (Central part)
- 6. Low rainfall area Maize Suitability Map: Most of Saline area Bangladesh moderately or very suitable
- 7. Table 1. Area and production of major cereals (2009-10) Major Area Production cereals (mill. ha) (mill. ton) Rice 10.00 28.90 Wheat 0.37 1.06 Maize 0.20 1.37
- 8. Area (000 ha), Production (000 tons) 19 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 0 71 -7 19 2 75 -7 19 6 81 -8 19 2 85 -8 19 6 91 -9 19 2 95 Area (000 ha) -9 20 6 01 -0 20 2 02 -0 20 3 03 -0 20 4 04 -0 20 5 05 -0 Production (000 tons) 20 6 06 -0 20 7 07 -0 20 8 08 -0 20 9 Fig. 2. Maize production in Bangladesh from 1971-2010 09 Yield (kg/ha) -1 0 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Yield (t/ha)
- 9. 6000 5000 4000 Ton 3000 2000 1000 0 Locally produced Imported Total demand Fig. Status of hybrid maize seed in Bangladesh
- 10. Economics of Wheat, Maize and Boro rice 68000 GR VC GM 70000 60144 Cost and Return in TK 60000 45204 44366 50000 36978 40000 28752 23634 23166 30000 16452 20000 10000 0 Wheat Maize Boro rice
- 11. BENEFITS One homeless family of Bogra district, Whose land was only 0.1 acre. He built a tin home from maize profit
- 12. BENEFITS Example: A family of Lalmonirhat district newly restructured brick house from their old tin home through maize profit
- 13. Table 2. Production target of maize in Bangladesh (2010-30) Projected population/ Projected Year Demand/ Production 2010 2015 2020 2030 target of maize Projected pop. (mil.) 148.0 156.7 166.9 190.6 Demand (mil. ton) 1.88 2.25 3.00 3.50 Target area (mil. ha) 0.20 0.30 0.35 0.40 Target avg. yield (t/ha) 6.5 7.5 8.0 8.5 Prodtn. target (mil. ton) 1.30 2.25 2.80 2.97 Source: BBS and MoA
- 14. Reasons for Expansion of Maize in Bangladesh Well adapted to Rabi season, giving high grain yield Low risk (few pest or disease problems so far) Rising demand for feed of expanding poultry and fish farming Highest rate of CHO production/unit land/day among cereals Year round production
- 15. Year round production of maize Vegetative stage
- 16. Maize capturing Boro rice field
- 17. Accessible area for Future Maize Expansion in Bangladesh Char land 0.82 mil. ha Saline areas 0.85 mil. ha Drought 1.20 mil. ha
- 18. Utilization of unexploited areas Char land Water logged maize field Free grazing in the South Tobacco occupied mountain valleys
- 19. Farmer`s field No Lime & No Boron
- 20. Lime = 2 t/ha Boron = 2 kg/ha
- 21. Lime = 2 t/ha Farmer’s field Boron = 2 kg/ha Lime = 0 t/ha Boron = 0 kg/ha
- 22. Major maize based patterns: Potato - Maize - T. Aman Rice Maize - Mungbean - T.Aman Rice Maize - Fallow - T.Aman Rice Maize - Jute - T.Aman Rice
- 23. Objective of maize improvement Varietal Improvement of high yielding maize with disease and insect resistant Varietal improvement of maize for specific objectives 1. Water logged tolerant and short duration variety for Comilla region 2. Drought tolerant variety 3. Saline tolerant variety 4. QPM variety 5. Speciality maize : Baby corn, Pop corn and Sweet corn
- 24. Source of Germplasm 1. CIMMYT (>90%) a. Inbred b. Hybrid 2. Local maize germplasm : mainly hilly region 3. Development of base population from exotic superior materials & recycling Collaborative works 1. CIMMYT 2. BMZ 3. ACIAR
- 25. Table. 3a. BARI maize varieties and their yield OP varieties Year of Release Yield (t/ha) Barnali 1986 4.7-5.2 Shuvra 1986 4.0-5.0 Khaibutta 1986 3.0-3.7 Mohor 1990 4.2-5.0 BARI Maize 5 1997 4.2-5.0 BARI Maize 6 1998 5.7-6.2 BARI Maize 7 2002 5.7-6.7 BARI Sweet Corn 1 2002 10.30 (green)
- 26. Table. 3b. BARI maize varieties and their yield Name of the hybrid Year of Release Yield (t/ha) BARI hybrid maize 1 2000 7.5-8.5 BARI hybrid maize 2 2002 8.0-9.0 BARI hybrid maize 3 2002 9.0-9.5 BARI hybrid maize 4 2002 7.5-8.5 BARI hybrid maize 5 2004 9.0-10.0 BARI hybrid maize 6 2006 9.8-10.0 BARI hybrid maize 7 2006 10.5-11.2 BARI hybrid maize 8 2007 9.7-11.5 BARI hybrid maize 9 2007 10.2-12.0 BARI hybrid maize 10 2008 9.0-11.5 BARI hybrid maize 11 2008 9.5-11.5
- 27. Promising BARI maize hybrids
- 28. BARI Hybrid Maize 5 Yield: 9 to 10 t/ha Maturity: 145 to 150 days Kernel: Orange Flint BHM- 5 Normal Maize Tryptophan : 0.11 % 0.05 % Lysine : 0.475 % 0.225 % Protein :11.00 % 9.00 % Helpful for animal feed and alleviate malnutrition
- 29. BARI Hybrid Maize 6 Yield: 10 to 11 t/ha Maturity: 139 to 145 days Kernel: Orange yellow, Flint BARI Hybrid Maize 7 BARI Hybrid Maize 7 Yield: 10 to 11 t/ha Maturity: 140 to 145 days Kernel: Yellow, Semi flint
- 30. BARI Hybrid Maize 8 Yield: 9.7-11.5 t/ha Maturity: 138-142 days Kernel: Yellow, dent BARI Hybrid Maize 9 Yield: 10.2-11.5 t/ha Maturity: 145-150 days Kernel: Orange Yellow, dent
- 31. BARI Hybrid Maize 10 Yield: 10.0-11.5 t/ha Maturity: 145-150 days Kernel: Orange Yellow, Flint BARI Hybrid Maize 11 Yield: 10.0-12.0 t/ha Maturity: 145-150 days Kernel: Yellow, dent
- 32. Research activities for water logged tolerant variety
- 33. Research activities for saline tolerant variety
- 34. Challenges 1. Competition with boro rice and other winter crops 2. Used only for poultry & fish industry 3. Price hiking of production inputs 4. Increase of saline and drought area due to climate change
- 35. Utilization Versatile uses: 1. Food (Rooti, Chapra, Firni, Satu, etc. ) 2. Feed (poultry, dairy, fish) 3. Green cob, boiled, roasted and pop 4. Fodder, fuel
- 36. Fresh and boiled cobs in a tribal market
- 37. South (Ukhia): Boiled cob
- 40. Challenges 1. Competition with boro rice and other winter crops 2. Used only for poultry & fish industry 3. Price hiking of production inputs 4. Increase of saline and drought area due to climate change
- 41. Conclusion To keep pace with future demand of maize concurrently decreasing of cultivable land, vertical and horizontal expansion need to be taken through improving maize productivity. It needs to increase maize area in southern belt, hilly area, char land and in drought areas where thousands of hectares of land remain fallow during rabi and kharif seasons by adopting suitable variety.
- 42. Thank You