Byteman is a tool that allows runtime manipulation of Java bytecode through Java agents. It allows specifying Byteman rule scripts that can inject tracing, debugging, or testing code into methods at different points like method entry/exit. This provides a way to "muck around with the Java code to your heart's content" without needing the source code. Byteman rules can be used for tracing, profiling, or fault injection in integration tests. It also supports a JUnit runner and annotations to help with testing applications by simulating failures through rule scripts.