Evaluating the Effect of Employee Stock Option Plans on the Financial Performance of Indian Construction & Infrastructure Companies

International Journal of Engineering and Management Research e-ISSN: 2250-0758 | p-ISSN: 2394-6962
Volume- 9, Issue- 4 (August 2019)
www.ijemr.net https://doi.org/10.31033/ijemr.9.4.4
17 This work is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Evaluating the Effect of Employee Stock Option Plans on the Financial
Performance of Indian Construction & Infrastructure Companies
Sonali B. Ramchandani1
and Dr. Hemal B. Pandya2
1
Research Scholar, S.D School of Commerce, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad, INDIA
2
Professor, S.D School of Commerce, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad, INDIA
1
Corresponding Author: sonalistkabirnav@gmail.com
ABSTRACT
Competitive pressures to improve productivity
continue to place significant demand upon organizations
globally. To respond to these competitive pressures with the
developed countries like USA, ESOPs (Employee Stock
Ownership Plans) have also been adopted in developing
country like India to increase the firm’s and employee’s
performance and productivity by retaining the employees to
a large extent. Employee Stock Ownership Plans are
majorly utilized by many successful and competent
companies across the world. The successes of the ESOP
companies in countries like USA, Japan and UK etc. may
largely be attributed to enhancement of firm’s performance
and Employee productivity. These effects are becoming
increasingly noticed across the world in recent years. Thus,
this research is an empirical study carried out to evaluate
the impact of ESOP on financial performance of ten listed
Indian Construction and Infrastructural companies based
on for a period of six years. The study analyzes three years
pre and post period to the adoption of ESOPs for the
selected companies and is based upon secondary data
collected from company annual reports of the respective
years. Company-wise Pre- and Post- ESOP adoption
Analysis and Regression Analysis is carried out in the
selected selector.
Keywords– ESOP, Performance, Employees, Company-
Wise Analysis, Regression Analysis
I. INTRODUCTION
The commencement of ESOP is attributable to
San Francisco lawyer and investment banker Louis Kelus.
In 1956, Kelso was invited to San Francisco through the
KELU's plan and then the first ownership was transferred
to employees. Employee Stock Ownership Plan (ESOP)
is an option given to an employee in relation to the shares
of the employer company. ESOP is a generic term for a
basket of instruments and incentive schemes that find
favour with the new upward mobile salaried class and
which are used to motivate, reward, remunerate and hold
on to achievers.It is the best non cash incentive plan
offered by companies after SEBI ESOP Guidelines 1999
that can retain the employees for longer term as it creates
a sense of ownership amongst the employees of the firm.
This plan is majorly used by foreign companies of US,
UK, France and Japan
India, in spite of being the second largest
country in population has the crucial problem for Human
Resource Managers is to retain employees in the
company. India is also one of the countries with the
youngest population but still has a high unemployment
rate. Employee Stock Option Plans (“ESOPs”) once
unheard of in India are gaining popularity by leaps and
bounds, especially during the past few years. Faced with
the problem of poaching and brain drain, many Indian
industries especially software and pharmaceutical
companies have realized the importance of employee
stock options to recruit and retain the best talents. In fact,
new vistas in this arena have opened up, parent
companies especially those based in the United States
have found employee stock options a useful human
resource development tool. Indian resident employees,
participate in global stock option plans of their parent
company (or any foreign company of the same group) are
now in vogue recently and it is gaining popularity day by
day.
II. LITERATURE REVIEWS
Brian J.Hall and Kevin J Murphy( Feb 2000)
in their article “Optimal Exercise Prices for Executive
Stock Options” has studied economic rationale for setting
exercise price for executive stock options can be set
either below or above the grant date market price. They
have provided operationally useful alternative to Black-
Scholes for the purpose of valuing executive stock option
and measuring the incentives created by options.
Kumar (2004) in his paper examined the effect
of ESOP adoption on the productivity and performance of
Indian companies. The study explored the link between
ESOPs and various economic indicators characterizing
company performance, risk levels and ESOP variables
with the primary focus on the distinctive characteristics of
ESOP companies compared to non- ESOP companies.
Econometric analysis was carried out using a sample of
125 companies (including 118 listed companies) of which
38 were ESOP companies and 87 non-ESOP companies.
The change in each of the productivity and performance
measures was calculated over two periods, year -1 to +1,
year -1 to +2. Linear regression was employed to analyse
the data set. The study results indicated that ESOPs
established in Indian firms have little effect on firm’s
productivity and profitability.

Martes (2012) in his thesis delineated the effect
of employee share ownership on firm performance and
corporate R&D expenditures for the largest European
companies who have employee ownership plans during
2006-2010 using European Federation of Employee Share
Ownership (EFES) dataset. The empirical results using
linear regression indicated there was a negative
association between employee ownership, profit margin
and/or production growth. On the long-term using
longitudinal data, employee ownership was found to have
a positive impact on ROE and ROA. The study concluded
that higher share of employee ownership does not
guarantee higher performance of a firm and supports the
argument that employee ownership alone does not
guarantee better performance.
Freserick Odero (October 2012) in his
Research Project for Master of Business administration
degree, University of Nairobi , “ The effect of adoption of
ESOP on Financial Performance of firms listed at Nairobi
Securities Exchange” with secondary data i.e. annual
reports and financial statements compared pre and post
ESOP for five years with using paired t test at .05 level of
significance came to the conclusion that it has obtained
mixed results on financial performance and suggested
that there is still a lot of scope for research regarding
ESOP and other variable like size of ESOP firm, market
share of ESOP firm and performance of the economy. He
stated that ESOP has a long history in USA, and stated
that in 1950 and 1960 the popularity of ESOP gained
political momentum when Senator Russel Long became a
major proponent of ESOP.
Poornima et al. (2013) in their paper
empirically analysed 59 software companies listed in
Indian stock market which has adopted employee stock
option plan and analysed its impact on firm performance.
The study indicated that employee behaviours that
enhance productivity are apparently more prevalent in
stock option firms which have resulted in improved
employee productivity. The correlation analysis indicated
that there is significant relationship between employee
size, employee productivity and return on assets. But with
respect to net profit margin, ESOP allotment has not
improved the profit margins of the company in spite of
improved employee productivity.
III. SCOPE OF STUDY
The study reveals that Indian Construction
companies can benefit maximum by exploiting the full
potential of ESOP by designing, communicating and
implementing their plans in more appropriate manner.
This Empirical research study is very useful and fruitful
for various stakeholders, including retail, institutional
investors, market regulators, publicly traded companies
using ESOPs, research institutes, and governments who
wish to have these institutions. On one hand the market
regulators will gain knowledge on Employee Stock
Ownership Plans by understanding and further
implementing how to deal with regulations and policies
while on the other side, with the development of sound
regulation and policy, it increases investor confidence to
invest in the stock market. Also the retailers and
institutional investors will be benefited by acknowledging
how to deepen their investment decisions. Further study
can be done in various sectors of Indian companies like
Human Resource Management, Banking sector,
Information Technology Sector and many more.
IV. OBJECTIVES OF STUDY
 The main objective of this study is to throw a
light on the effect of employee stock ownership
plans on the financial performance of the
organizations.
 To evaluate and compare the financial
performance of the selected Indian Construction
and Infrastructure firms in the pre- and post-
adoption period of ESOP (Employee Stock
option Plan).
V. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
Research Design: The research is primarily descriptive
and causal in nature.
Sampling Design: The study is based on purposive
sampling of 10 companies belonging to Indian
Construction and Infrastructure sector listed on BSE. The
selected companies are studied considering three years
prior and three years post to their adoption of ESOP. The
year of Adoption is considered as the base period for the
comparison purpose.
Variables under Study: The following Variables were
studied in the research:
 Net Fixed Assets (NFC)
 Net Current Assets (NCA)
 Investment
 Asset Turnover Ratio (ATO) = Net Sales/Total Assets
 Net Sales
 Total Assets

Sampling Units: Following ten companies belonging to
Construction & Infrastructural sector have been selected
for the study:
SELECTED Construction & Infrastructure Companies
1 IVRCL Limited (Iragavarapu Venkata Reddy
Construction)
6 IL & FS Engineering & Construction
Company Ltd.
2 Mahindra Life Space Developers Limited 7 Jaiprakash Associates
3 Brigade Enterprise Limited 8 Hindustan Construction Company
4 Berger Paints India Ltd. 9 DLF Ltd. (Delhi land and Finance Ltd.)
5 Kirloskar Constructions & Engineers Ltd. 10 Oberoi Realty
Source of Data: Secondary data has been collected from
the annual reports of selected Indian Construction &
Infrastructural companies for the purpose of study.
Period of Study: Financial data pertaining to the period of
six years (i.e. three years prior and three years post the
adoption of ESOP) has been used for the study. The study
took the assumption that ESOP allotment year will be
considered as 0 year and thus the pre allotment years as (-
1,-2,-3) and post allotment years as (1, 2, 3) respectively
and accordingly analyses have been made.
Statistical Tools and Techniques: Comparative and
Regression Analysis is done company wise using the Pre-
and Post- period of adoption of ESOP in the selected
selector to know the significance of relationship and
interrelationship between various variables and find out
the effectiveness of ESOP on corporate performance of
ten selected Indian Construction & Infrastructure
companies.
VI. DATAANALYSIS &
INTERPRETATION
Company-Wise Analysis
Company-wise comparative analysis and
interpretation of data is done based on comparing the pre-
and post- ESOP periods of ten selected Construction &
Infrastructure companies for testing positive or negative
effect of firm’s performance after. The values of the data
collected is presented in Crores.
Table 1:Pre- and Post- Adoption of ESOP: Performance of IVRCL Limited (Iragavarapu Venkata Reddy Construction
VARIABLE PRE- ESOP ADOPTION POST- ESOP ADOPTION
2010 2011 2012 2014 2015 2016
NFA ---(I) 601.72 694.45 691.42 578.08 476.83 392.78
NCA---(II) 4,700.49 4,250.39 4,313.99 4,709.83 5,240.19 5,257.05
INVEST—(III) 1,584.30 1,653.55 1,740.75 1,324.81 1,299.89 1,831.94
A. SALE 5,707.97 6,347.52 3,829.50 3,160.93 2,385.24 2,054.20
B. T.A(I+II+III) 6886.51 6598.39 6746.16 6612.72 7016.91 7481.77
ATO(A/B) 0.8289 0.9620 0.5677 0.4780 0.3399 0.2746
Interpretation of Data
The above table shows the performance of
IVRCL Ltd. Company considering Pre- and Post-
adoption of ESOP. As 2013 is the year of adoption of
ESOP in this Company, it is taken as the base year (0).
Net Fixed Asset (NFA) is showing a negative impact Post
the adoption of ESOP. Net Current Asset (NCA) in 2012
is 4313.99 while in 2016 it is 5257.05 which presents a
positive impact on firm’s performance. Net sales in 2012
is 3829.5 which decreased to 2054.2 in 2016 showing a
negative impact on the performance of firm. The value of
Total Assets have increased moderately Post ESOP
Adoption. Asset Turnover Ratio (ATO) is 0.5677 in
2012 and 0.2746 in 2016 which also proves the company
to have a negative impact on its performance. Overall, it
can be concluded that mixed results are found in IVRCL
Ltd Company and ESOP does not show any positive
change in this firm after its adoption.
Table 2: Pre- and Post- Adoption of ESOP: Performance of Mahindra Life Space Developers Ltd.
2010 2011 2012 2014 2015 2016
NFA ---(I) 32.37 31.93 29.07 28.57 29.8 29.41
NCA---(II) 753.21 985.56 1,135.99 1,268.20 1,373.36 1,909.67
INVEST—(III) 409.55 297.88 320.13 656.9 573.4 573.4
A. SALE 506.85 521.13 422.26 760.04 600.16 753.2
B. T.A(I+II+III) 1195.13 1315.36 1485.19 1953.67 1976.56 2512.48
ATO(A/B) 0.4241 0.3962 0.2843 0.3890 0.3036 0.2998

The above table shows the performance of Mahindra Life
Space Developers Ltd. Company considering Pre- and
Post- adoption of ESOP. As 2013 is the year of adoption
of ESOP in this Company, it is taken as the base year (0).
Net Fixed Asset (NFA) is not showing much fluctuation
in Pre and Post period. Net Current Asset (NCA) in 2012
is 1135.99 while in 2016 it is 1909.67 which presents a
positive impact on firm’s performance. Net sales in 2012
is 422.26 which increased to 753.2 in 2016 also shows a
positive impact on the productivity of firm. The value of
Total Assets have also doubled Post ESOP Adoption.
Asset Turnover Ratio (ATO) is 0.2843 in 2012 and
0.2998 in 2016 which does not show significant change in
the company. Overall, it can be concluded that even
though there is no much change in fixed assets and ATO
but the total sales and fixed assets definitely bring
positive development in the company’s performance and
productivity and also the adoption of ESOP does not
show any negative effect.
Table 3: Pre- and Post- Adoption of ESOP: Performance of Brigade Enterprise Limited
2008 2009 2010 2012 2013 2014
NFA ---(I) 788.59 1050.51 1777.8 1348.89 1355.83 1464.18
NCA---(II) 894.36 905.37 666.03 957.3 1185.79 1155.92
INVEST—(III) 34.78 14.67 19.7 92.29 133 191.5
A. SALE 388.25 362.47 469.37 788.12 915.77 1008.01
B. T.A(I+II+III) 1717.73 1970.55 1863.53 2398.48 2674.62 2811.60
ATO(A/B) 0.2260 0.1839 0.2519 0.3286 0.3424 0.3585
The above table shows effect of Brigade
Enterprise Limited considering Pre- and Post- adoption of
ESOP. The NFA of the company shows declining results
post the Adoption of ESOP. While on the other hand
NCA shows positive impact on firms performance where
it is 1155.92 in 2014 compared to 666.03 in 2010. The
sales have drastically improved post adoption of ESOP in
the company. ATO is 0.2519 in 2010 while it is 0.3585 in
2014 which also shows an increasing trend for the
financial performance of the company. Overall, this
company has fully been benefited after the ESOP
adoption.
Table 4: Pre- and Post- Adoption of ESOP: Performance of Berger Paints India Ltd.
2011 2012 2013 2015 2016 2017
NFA ---(I) 337.83 492.91 680.64 751.66 945.17 1002.6
NCA---(II) 1050.15 1203.55 1342.56 1569.79 1807.01 2099.21
INVEST—(III) 76.61 80.76 97.12 115.22 210.35 303.18
A. SALE 2692.71 3054.97 3415.41 4167.31 4273.63 4770.32
B. T.A(I+II+III) 1464.59 1777.22 2120.32 2436.67 3025.53 3404.99
ATO(A/B) 1.8385 1.7190 1.6108 1.7102 1.4125 1.4010
Table 4 shows the data of financial performance
of Berger Paints India Ltd. NFA is 680.64 in the year
2013 and is 1002.6 in the year 2017 which gives a
positive outlook to the company’s performance. The sales
and Net Current Assets have also shown increasing trend
in the firm post the Adoption of ESOP. ATO of the firm
in 2013 is 1.6108 which decreased to 1.4010 in 2017.
Except the ATO all other variables have improved in the
firm. As a conclusion it shows that even though other
variables have positive effect on firm’s performance but
due to decreased vale of ATO it cannot be totally
concluded with positive impact on firm.
Table 5: Pre- and Post- Adoption of ESOP: Performance of Kirloskar Constructions & Engineers Ltd.
2011 2012 2013 2015 2016 2017
NFA ---(I) 12.71 9.84 7 5.81 6.87 34.37
NCA---(II) 73.21 6.26 74.36 51.29 80.56 76.49
INVEST—(III) 518.69 542.1 597.91 686.45 686.38 696.57
A. SALE 78.63 51.8 63.78 76.7 47.97 80.4
B. T.A(I+II+III) 604.61 558.20 679.27 743.55 773.81 807.43
ATO(A/B) 0.1301 0.0928 0.0939 0.1032 0.0620 0.0996

Table 5 shows the financial performance of Kirloskar
Constructions & Engineers Ltd. There is an increasing
trend seen in all the variables of the firm post the
adoption of ESOP. The growth of the firm has been
affected after the ESOP implementation. Asset Turnover
Ratio has remained stable even after the adoption of
ESOP in the firm. So overall it can be concluded that
ESOP has a not shown either positive or negative impact
on the financial performance of the firm but it has more
scope to improve.
Table 6: Pre- and Post- Adoption of ESOP: Performance of IL & FS Engineering & Construction Company Ltd.
2006 2007 2008 2010 2011 2012
NFA ---(I) 44.2 164.61 424.72 335.36 293.11 220.93
NCA---(II) 270.84 599.64 1572.59 1382.32 728.17 1097.99
INVEST—(III) 96.15 169.01 256.23 36.65 156.67 189.73
A. SALE 1656.28 1360.27 983.88 2145.40 2545.75 3427.01
B. T.A(I+II+III) 411.19 933.26 2253.54 1754.33 1177.95 1608.65
ATO(A/B) 4.0280 1.4575 0.4366 1.2229 2.1612 2.1304
Table 6 shows the financial performance of IL &
FS Engineering & Construction Company Ltd. The ATO
of the firm is 0.4366 in 2008 while it is 2.1304 in 2012
which became almost double post the adoption of ESOP
in the company. It clearly shows that the performance of
the company has been improving since the adoption of
ESOP in the firm.
Table 7: Pre- and Post- Adoption of ESOP: Performance of Jaiprakash Associates
2006 2007 2008 2010 2011 2012
NFA ---(I) 3343.73 5150.09 8256.69 15866.37 17549.6 5426.18
NCA---(II) 4219.83 4257.52 5636.76 11742.94 10726.67 16029.19
INVEST—(III) 1557.04 1778.74 3224.83 5576.26 6048.59 6545.5
A. SALE 3673.08 3558.53 4249.97 11661.7 13318.71 13117.61
B. T.A(I+II+III) 9120.6 11186.35 17118.28 33185.57 34324.86 28000.87
ATO(A/B) 0.4027 0.3181 0.2483 0.3514 0.3880 0.4685
The above table shows that ATO of the firm has
increased from 0.2483 in 2008 to 0.4585 in 2012 bringing
a significantly positive outlook altogether in the
company. The performance of the company has shown
fruitful results post the adoption of ESOP in the firm.
Table 8: Pre- and Post- Adoption of ESOP: Performance of Hindustan Construction Company.
2011 2012 2013 2015 2016 2017
NFA ---(I) 1150.23 1022.66 920.37 690.19 782.65 758.32
NCA---(II) 5153.14 5024.9 4686.68 4560.13 6114.01 5955.72
INVEST—(III) 581.74 601.22 689.95 699.35 718.63 703.42
A. SALE 4111.06 3952.20 4256.11 4405.13 4458.14 4826.08
B. T.A(I+II+III) 6888.11 6648.78 6297 5949.67 7615.29 7417.46
ATO(A/B) 0.5968 0.5944 0.6759 0.7404 0.5854 0.6506
The above table shows stability in the financial
performance of the firm post the adoption of ESOP. The
value of ATO is 0.6759 in 2013 which remained almost
same in 2017 i.e. 0.6506. Therefore it can be concluded
that the implantation of ESOP did not affect the financial
performance of the firm neither positively nor negatively.
Table 9: Pre- and Post- Adoption of ESOP: Performance of DLF Ltd. (Delhi land and Finance Ltd.)
2003 2004 2005 2007 2008 2009
NFA ---(I) 45.8 59.3 478.64 993.6 3256.16 3473.26
NCA---(II) 1214.8 1392.7 1707.76 9438.45 18341.58 18711.78

INVEST—(III) 165.8 177.3 173.82 769.17 1839.83 2956.32
A. SALE 4887.6 5025.8 11205.02 37575.34 35984.86 29585.17
B. T.A(I+II+III) 1426.4 1629.3 2360.22 11201.22 23437.57 25141.36
ATO(A/B) 3.4265 3.0846 4.7474 3.3546 1.5353 1.1768
The above table shows the financial performance
of DLF Ltd. (Delhi land and Finance Ltd.). It can clearly
be seen that the value of ATO of the firm has decreased
drastically from 4.7 in 2005 to 1.17 in 2009. The above
statement proves that the even if other variables
performance has improved but the impact of ESOP in the
firm has a negative effect in the financial performance of
the firm.
Table 10: Pre- and Post- Adoption of ESOP: Performance of Oberoi Realty.
2011 2012 2013 2015 2016 2017
NFA ---(I) 837.31 926.92 952.26 859.56 822.64 788.13
NCA---(II) 1639.47 1912.88 2023.73 3016.18 3086.03 4105.15
INVEST—(III) 348.8 315.78 316.61 318.31 616.93 774.72
A. SALE 550.25 742.5 705.86 1323.72 949.07 1083.31
B. T.A(I+II+III) 2825.58 3154.88 3292.6 4194.05 4525.6 5668
ATO(A/B) 0.1947 0.2353 0.2144 0.3156 0.2097 0.1911
Table 10 shows that the adoption of ESOP in
Oberoi Realty has not shown a positive effect on the
financial performance of the firm post the adoption of
ESOP in the company. The value of ATO in Pre ESOP
period is more than that of the Post ESOP period. Thus it
can be concluded that ESOP adoption has not brought a
positive result in the financial performance of the firm.
Graphical Presentation of ATO of Construction &
Infrastructure Companies
Graphical representation of ATO is shown
below for all the Ten Indian Construction &
Infrastructure Companies selected for the study. The first
graph represents the Pre Adoption performance of ATO
(Asset Turnover Ratio) while the second graph shows the
Post Adoption performance of ATO of Construction &
Infrastructure companies. The period of study is 6 years
considering 3 years Pre- and 3 years’ Post- adoption of
ESOP.

Regression Analysis The Regression analysis is carried out using
SPSS version 20 for the data collected of 10 selected
Construction & Infrastructure companies.
COEFFICIENTS OVERALL PERIOD PRE-ESOP PERIOD POST-ESOP PERIOD
DEPENDENT VARIABLE
SALES PBT SALES PBT SALES PBT
Constant -1264.47 -63.675 454.754 74.261 -491.547 -229.854
ATO 3509.145 85.619 835.323 -8.139 2240.256 296.161
INVESTMENT 2.840 0.303 1.738 0.191 2.002 0.326
R2
0.393 0.378 0.512 0.357 0.901 0.412
F 18.483 17.321 10.996 7.510 95.448 9.462
Sig F Change 0.000 0.000 0.001 0.003 0.000 0.001
VII. INTERPRETATION OF DATA:
The above table shows the regression analysis of
the Overall, Pre-and Post ESOP adoption to show and
evaluate the change in the financial performance of the
selected companies in Construction & Infrastructure
sector.
Sales and PBT are taken as dependent variables
while ATO (Asset Turnover Ratio) and Investment are
taken as independent variables. The value of ATO in
Pre- ESOP period is 835.323 for sales and -8.139 for PBT
(Profit before Tax) while in Post- ESOP period it is
2240.256 and 296.161 respectively which is more than
double the times and also proves that the adoption of
ESOP in the companies have a positive impact of the
firm’s performance. On the other hand the value of R2
in
Pre-ESOP period is 0.512 for sales and 0.357 for PBT
which is 0.901 and 0.412 respectively for the Post-ESOP
period that again shows a progressive improvement in the
performance of the firm eventually. But, if we see the
overall performance of the variables in both the periods
respectively, the value of ATO and R2
which is 3509.145
and 0.393 for sales and 85.619 and 0.378 for PBT shows
a moderate change in the financial performance of the
companies. In a nutshell it can be concluded that the
adoption of ESOP has definitely proved beneficial for the
firms but still it has more scope of improvement because
the value of R2
in the overall performance of the firm has
not been attained as expected.
VIII. FINDINGS
Employee stock ownership plan in Construction
& Infrastructure companies showed mixed results post
the adoption of ESOP in the firms. Even though the sales
and total Assets of the firm were showing improvement
in all the firms selected under study but the value of ATO
in few companies were not showing positive impact on
the financial performance of the firms. ESOPs have lots
of benefits for both the issuing companies like easy
retention of talented and valued employees, increase
internal holdings and attracting better human resource etc.
There are few problems also like lack of precise

regulations, reactive nature of regulators, accounting
system confusions and delays in actual realisation of
benefits. In spite of problems, the advantages surpass the
limitations.
IX. CONCLUSION
Construction & Infrastructure companies one of
the fastest growing sectors in Indian economy.
Implementation of GST also doesn’t have negative
impact for the consumers as well as the Indian
Construction & Infrastructure companies. The study
found mixed conclusions for the study of Employee Stock
Option Plan in Construction & Infrastructure firms.
Employee Stock Options (ESOPs) have been used as a
means to retain talented employees by many companies
all over the world in the last century. ESOP idea has
eventually spread across corporate India and corporates
have begun looking at ESOPs as an attractive tool to hire
and retain employees after SEBI ESOS & ESPP
Guidelines 1999.Eventhough the sociological importance
of employee stock ownership to altering traditional
patterns of wealth distribution the phenomenon had
received little academic attention in India but rising
markets are usually a signal that the economy is reviving
which means that higher attrition levels make ESOPs
useful. This research paper has thrown light into
EVALUATING THE EFFECT OF EMPLOYEE STOCK
OPTION PLANS ON THE FINANCIAL
PERFORMANCE OF INDIAN CONSTRUCTION &
INFRASTRUCTURE COMPANIES. This sector is
increasingly becoming the engine of growth in our Indian
economy. The use of ESOP will be beneficial to
employer and employee through stable relationship,
associability, and trust between employee and employer
in long run to increase their performance and productivity
of the firm. There is definitely a positive change in the
financial performance of companies after the adoption of
ESOP but still there is more scope of improvement.
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