ARM Architecture in Details

Jan 5, 2018Download as PPTX, PDF5 likes1,315 views

1. The document provides an overview of the ARM architecture, including details on registers, exceptions, interrupts, memory management and instructions. 2. It describes the evolution of the ARM architecture from ARMv7 to AArch64 (ARMv8), noting changes in registers and exception handling between the versions. 3. The document also covers memory management features like MMU support, different memory types (normal vs device memory), and caching behavior in the ARM architecture.

1
Lviv Embedded TechTalk:
ARM Architecture In Details
Andrew Lukin
2017-11-23

3
RISC -- Reduced Instructions Set Computer
● Small set of simple and general instructions
● Fixed length instructions
● Simpler processor’s core logic
● Harvard architecture -- architecture with physically separate storage and
signal pathways for instructions and data
● Load/Store architecture -- separate instructions for memory access
● A lot of general purpose registers or even register files

12
Exceptions
● A synchronous exception if it is generated as a result of execution or attempted
execution of the instruction stream, and where the return address provides
details of the instruction that caused it.
● An asynchronous exception is not generated by executing instructions, while the
return address might not always provide details of what caused the exception.
● In the ARMv7-A architecture, the prefetch abort, Data Abort and undef
exceptions are separate items.
● In AArch64, all of these events generate a Synchronous abort. The exception
handler may then read the syndrome and FAR registers to obtain the necessary
information to distinguish between them.

19
MMU - Caches
● Point of Coherency (PoC) -- is the point at which all observers, for example,
cores, DSPs, or DMA engines, that can access memory, are guaranteed to
see the same copy of a memory location. Typically, this is the main external
system memory.
● Point of Unification (PoU) -- is the point at which the instruction and data
caches and translation table walks of the core are guaranteed to see the
same copy of a memory location

21
MMU - Normal memory
● Normal memory -- The processor can re-order, repeat, and merge accesses
to it.
Furthermore, address locations that are marked as Normal can be accessed
speculatively by the processor, so that data or instructions can be read from
memory without being explicitly referenced in the program, or in advance of
the actual execution of an explicit reference. Such speculative accesses can
occur as a result of branch prediction, speculative cache linefills, out-of-order
data loads, or other hardware optimizations.

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MMU - Device memory
● Device memory --
○ Device-nGnRnE most restrictive (equivalent to Strongly Ordered
memory in the ARMv7 architecture).
○ Device-nGnRE
○ Device-nGRE
○ Device-GRE least restrictive
● Gathering of non Gathering (G or nG) -- whether multiple accesses can be
merged into a single bus transaction for this memory region.
● Re-ordering (R or nR) -- whether accesses to the same device can be re-
ordered with respect to each other.
● Early Write Acknowledgement (E or nE) -- whether an intermediate write
buffer between the processor and the slave device being accessed is allowed
to send an acknowledgement of a write completion

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Multiplication instructions in assembly language

33
Thank you
Andrew Lukin
Sr Embedded Developer
andrii.lukin@globallogic.com
+380-95-303-43-76

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Ця доповідь зацікавить усіх, хто хоче заповнити прогалини у базових знаннях чи підтягнути теорію з університету. Під час доповіді ми дізнаємось, що таке модель OSI та розглянемо кожен її рівень. Як результат, ви краще розумітимете свою область відповідальності як Front-end, Back-end, DevOps чи системний адміністратор. Відео та деталі заходу: https://bit.ly/47T4QWI

Штучний інтелект як допомога в навчанні, а не замінник.pptxGlobalLogic Ukraine

Про що лекція: - Як використовувати штучний інтелект у навчанні - Обмеження та недоліки використання AI - Рекомендації щодо відповідального використання AІ в навчанні. Огляд кращих прикладів. Спікер: Оксана Поморова — Lead Software Engineer, GlobalLogic, доктор технічних наук з 20-річним досвідом в IT. Напрям діяльності — застосування штучного інтелекту та комп’ютерний зір.

Задачі AI-розробника як застосовується штучний інтелект.pptxGlobalLogic Ukraine

Про що лекція: - Пошук схожих зображень за допомогою ШІ - Як ШІ видаляє задній фон на фото. Розв’язання задачі сегментації. - Ефективне навчання ШІ на основі великого масиву даних (фото). Спікер: Олександр Мірошниченко, Senior Software Engineer, має понад 7 років досвіду в ІТ. Напрям діяльності — нейронні мережі та Deep Learning.

Що треба вивчати, щоб стати розробником штучного інтелекту та нейромереж.pptxGlobalLogic Ukraine

Про що лекція: - Що таке штучний інтелект зсередини та чим зумовлена його популярність - Напрями розвитку штучного інтелекту: які є та як обрати свій - Які знання необхідні, щоб стати розробником штучного інтелекту Спікер: Василь Ляшкевич — Solution Architect, GlobalLogic, PhD в компʼютерних науках, має понад 15 років досвіду в ІТ. Напрям діяльності — розробка алгоритмів і засобів штучного інтелекту, хмарних систем та сервісів.

GlobalLogic Java Community Webinar #16 “Zaloni’s Architecture for Data-Driven...GlobalLogic Ukraine

20 липня відбувся вебінар від Java Community – “Zaloni’s Architecture for Data-Driven Design” by Максим Дем’яновський — Software Engineer, GlobalLogic. Доповідь надасть уявлення про Data-Driven Design, основні його переваги і практичну користь, а також покаже як його можна реалізувати на практиці.

JavaScript Community Webinar #14 "Why Is Git Rebase?"GlobalLogic Ukraine

25 квітня відбувся вебінар від JavaScript Community – “Why Is Git Rebase?” Ганна Ліхтман — Senior Software Engineer, GlobalLogic. Під час вебінару дізнались, що таке git history, та чому важливо тримати її в чистоті і порядку. Яка різниця між merge та rebase. Що таке інтерактивний rebase та в чому його сила не тільки на словах, але й на практиці.

GlobalLogic .NET Community Webinar #3 "Exploring Serverless with Azure Functi...GlobalLogic Ukraine

29 березня відбувся вебінар від .NET Community – “Exploring Serverless with Azure Functions”. Спікер: Євген Павленко – Senior Software Engineer, GlobalLogic. Поговорили на ті теми: - Вступ до Azure Functions та Serverless; - Типи хмарного обчислення; - Переваги serverless; - Функції та можливості Azure Functions.

Страх і сила помилок - IT Inside від GlobalLogic EducationGlobalLogic Ukraine

Ви дізнаєтесь: - Що знаходиться за кулісами успішного успіху; - Страх, що контролює тебе та робота з ним; - Звідки береться невпевненість у власних силах; - Чого власні помилки демотивують. ℹ️IT Inside — це серія 30-хвилинних лекцій для охочих розпочати кар'єру в ІТ. Наші експерти відкриють залаштунки айтішного життя, обговорять поширені думки про ІТ-сферу й розкажуть те, що самі б хотіли почути на старті кар'єри. 🎬Переглянути записи попередніх лекцій IT Inside (https://youtube.com/playlist?list=PLipGbz33Ay3H5ynlB0YQ6P-16IX-pRvce).

GlobalLogic .NET Webinar #2 “Azure RBAC and Managed Identity”GlobalLogic Ukraine

24 листопада відбувся вебінар від .NET Community – “Azure RBAC and Managed Identity”. Спікер: Євген Павленко – Senior Software Engineer, GlobalLogic. Розповіли, що таке Azure RBAC (Role Base Access Control) і як він працює, для чого нам Azure Managed Identity та як звільнитись від використання паролів-секретів при використанні Azure. Деталі заходу: https://bit.ly/3GSBvRx Відкриті .NET-позиції у GlobalLogic: https://bit.ly/3ilJYCq Долучитись до .NET Community у Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/groups/communitydotnet

GlobalLogic QA Webinar “What does it take to become a Test Engineer”GlobalLogic Ukraine

“How to Secure Your Applications With a Keycloak?GlobalLogic Ukraine

GlobalLogic Machine Learning Webinar “Advanced Statistical Methods for Linear...GlobalLogic Ukraine

31 травня відбувся вебінар для ML-спеціалістів - “Advanced Statistical Methods for Linear Regression” від спікера Віталія Мірошниченка! Ця доповідь для тих, хто добре ознайомлений із найпоширенішими моделями даних та підходами у машинному навчанні і хоче розширити знання іншими підходами. У доповіді ми розглянули: - Нагадування. Модель лінійної регресії і підгонка параметрів; - Навчання батчами (великі об’єми вибірок); - Оптимізація розрахунків у каскаді моделей; - Модель суміші лінійних регресій; - Оцінки методом складеного ножа матриць коваріацій. Про спікера: Віталій Мірошниченко — Senior ML Software Engineer, GlobalLogic. Має більше 6 років досвіду, який отримав здебільшого на проєктах, пов’язаних із Telecom, Cyber security, Retail. Активний учасник змагань Kaggle, та Аспірант КНУ. Деталі заходу: https://bit.ly/3HkqhDB Відкриті ML позиції у GlobalLogic: https://bit.ly/3MPC9yo

GlobalLogic Machine Learning Webinar “Statistical learning of linear regressi...GlobalLogic Ukraine

24 травня відбувся GlobalLogic Machine Learning Webinar “Statistical learning of linear regression model” від спікера Віталія Мірошніченка. Під час вебінару ми обговорили такі теми: - Модель лінійної регресії; - Підгонка параметрів моделі (custom, sklearn, scipy); - Основні теореми та асимптотика параметрів; - Дискриптивні статистики (візуалізація результатів); - Тести та їх інтерпретація; - Приклади з Machine Learning. Відео та деталі заходу - https://www.globallogic.com/ua/about/events/statistical-learning-of-linear-regression-model/?utm_source=youtube-organic&utm_medium=social&utm_campaign=statistical-learning-of-linear-regression-model Попередня реєстрація на GL BaseCamp - https://bit.ly/BaseCampwaitinglist

GlobalLogic C++ Webinar “The Minimum Knowledge to Become a C++ Developer”GlobalLogic Ukraine

18 травня відбувся GlobalLogic C++ Webinar “The Minimum Knowledge to Become a C++ Developer” від спікера Романа Івасишина. У доповіді ми розглянули: - Список тем, які повинен знати С++ розробник (синтаксис мови, класи, STL, а також дізнались, для чого вчити темплейти та багатопотоковість); - На що потрібно звернути увагу при вивченні мови; - Деякі приховані аспекти мови; - Практичні приклади з С++. Відео та деталі заходу: https://bit.ly/3Gxmkee Приєднатись до спільноти: https://www.facebook.com/groups/EmbeddedCommunity Відкриті C++ позиції у GlobalLogic: https://bit.ly/3GzW03c

Embedded Webinar #17 "Low-level Network Testing in Embedded Devices Development"GlobalLogic Ukraine

22 лютого відбувся Embedded Webinar #17 “Low-level Network Testing in Embedded Devices Development” від спікера Сергія Корнієнка. Під час вебінару ми говорили на такі теми: - Підхід до низькорівневого тестування мережевих протоколів; - Інструменти, які можна використати в реальних проєктах; - Знайдені баги та способи знаходження корневих причин на прикладі реального R&D проєкту. Відео та деталі заходу: https://bit.ly/embedded_webinar_17 Приєднатись до спільноти: https://www.facebook.com/groups/EmbeddedCommunity Відкриті Embedded-позиції у GlobalLogic: https://bit.ly/Embedded_Positions