A Review and Analysis on Mobile Application Development Processes using Agile Methodologies

International Journal of Research in Computer Science
eISSN 2249-8265 Volume 3 Issue 2 (2013) pp. 9-18
www.ijorcs.org, A Unit of White Globe Publications
doi: 10.7815/ ijorcs.34.2013.068
www.ijorcs.org
A REVIEW AND ANAYSIS ON MOBILE APPLICATION
DEVELOPMENT PROCESSES USING AGILE
METHODLOGIES
Harleen K. Flora1
, Dr. Swati V. Chande2
1
Ph.D Scholar, Department of Computer Science, The IIS University, Jaipur, INDIA
Email: harleenflora@gmail.com
2
Professor, Department of Computer Sciences, International School of Informatics and Management, Jaipur, INDIA
Email: swatichande@rediffmail.com
Abstract: Over a last decade, mobile
telecommunication industry has observed a rapid
growth, proved to be highly competitive, uncertain and
dynamic environment. Besides its advancement, it has
also raised number of questions and gained concern
both in industry and research. The development
process of mobile application differs from traditional
softwares as the users expect same features similar to
their desktop computer applications with additional
mobile specific functionalities. Advanced mobile
applications require assimilation with existing
enterprise computing systems such as databases,
legacy applications and Web services. In addition, the
lifecycle of a mobile application moves much faster
than that of a traditional Web application and
therefore the lifecycle management associated therein
must be adjusted accordingly. The Security and
application testing are more stimulating and
interesting in mobile application than in Web
applications since the technology in mobile devices
progresses rapidly and developers must stay in touch
with the latest developments, news and trends in their
area of work. With the rising competence of software
market, researchers are seeking more flexible methods
that can adjust to dynamic situations where software
system requirements are changing over time,
producing valuable software in short duration and
within low budget. The intrinsic uncertainty and
complexity in any software project therefore requires
an iterative developmental plan to cope with
uncertainty and a large number of unknown variables.
Agile Methodologies were thus introduced to meet the
new requirements of the software development
companies. The agile methodologies aim at facilitating
software development processes where changes are
acceptable at any stage and provide a structure for
highly collaborative software development. Therefore,
the present paper aims in reviewing and analysing
different prevalent methodologies utilizing agile
techniques that are currently in use for the
development of mobile applications. This paper
provides a detailed review and analysis on the use of
agile methodologies in the proposed processes
associated with mobile application skills and
highlights its benefit and constraints. In addition,
based on this analysis, future research needs are
identified and discussed.
Keywords: Agile Methodologies, Mobile Software
Development.
I. INTRODUCTION
Software development methodologies have evolved
since the 1970s. Agile methodologies came into
existence to accommodate changing business
requirements and for better management of the
software development lifecycle. It provides practices
that facilitate communication between the developer
and the customer, and undergo develop-deliver-
feedback cycles, to have more specific view of the
requirements, and be ready for any change at any time.
Agile development methodology helps companies
build the right product and empowers teams to
continuously redesign their release to optimize its
value throughout development, allowing them to be as
competitive as possible in the marketplace. Therefore,
the main aim of the methodology is to deliver what is
needed at appropriate time during the development
cycle. Agile methodologies are among the best
software development approaches to apply at times,
when customer’s requirements are not exact, or when
the deadlines and budgets are tight. However, besides
the benefits associated in employing agile technologies
in mobile software development there are issues that
raise concern in reporting gains in quality, productivity
and business satisfaction by different groups. It has
been reported that agile methods had been successful
in delivering in majority of cases whereas there are
conflicting reports that claim that the methodology is
still too young to require extensive academic proof of
their success. This paper is an attempt to review the
published literature on application of the agile
approaches for the development of mobile software as
the researchers believe that agile innovations offer a
solution to mobile specific applications that requires
high quality development processes.

10 Harleen K. Flora, Dr. Swati V. Chande
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II. AGILE SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT
The Agile Manifesto, also called the Manifesto for
Agile Software Development, is a formal affirmation
of four key values and 12 principles to guide a
reiteration to software development. The Manifesto
was published by a team of software developers that
discussed various means for lightweight development
methods as compared to Extreme Programming,
SCRUM, DSDM, Adaptive software development,
Crystal, Feature-Driven Development, and Pragmatic
Programming [1]. In easier terms, The Agile manifesto
distinct a development process that provided a guiding
force for agile practitioners. Agile methodology
focuses more on the human aspects of software
engineering than the perspective processes, thereby
employing human interaction over tools and processes.
The Agile Manifesto established a common set of
values and principles for all of the individual agile
methodologies. It details four core values for enabling
high-performance, efficiency and outputs:
1. Individuals and their interactions
2. Delivering working software
3. Customer collaboration
4. Responding to change.
These core values are further supported by 12
principles which underlie the Agile Manifesto that
includes
1. Customer Satisfaction through early and
frequent delivery
2. Scope for changes even at a later stage in the
project
3. Short delivery cycle (e.g., every couple of
weeks)
4. Collaboration between businessmen and
developers
5. Motivation among individuals
6. Face to face communication
7. Working software-Primary measure of
progress
8. Promoting sustainable development pace
9. Continuous focus on technical excellence and
good design
10. Simplicity
11. Self-Organization to obtain best results
12. Self-improvement.
III. MOBILE APPLICATION DEVELOPMENT
Mobile Application Development is the process by
which applications are developed for small low-power
handheld devices which are either pre-installed on
phones during manufacture, or downloaded by
customers from app stores and other mobile software
distribution platforms. The mobile application market
is witnessing a rapid growth with the increasing
popularity and demand from users for a wide variety of
mobile applications. There has been significant
increase in number of projects for mobile application
development services as mobile platforms continue to
advance in performance and people skilled in
developing applications for mobile phones and tablets
are highly in demand. It has been speculated that
developing mobile applications is similar to software
engineering for other embedded applications in many
aspects [2]. The issues that commonly encountered
include integration with device hardware, as well as
traditional issues of security, performance, reliability,
and storage limitations. However, mobile applications
present some additional requirements that are less
commonly found with traditional software
applications, including: interface with other
applications, handling device movement, mobile
application types, cross platform compatibility,
varying hardware complexities, security risks, privacy,
user interfaces, testing complexity, power
consumption, 24/7 “always on”, personal mobile
computer, development process, application size, and
mobile phone screen size.
The rapid growth of mobile computing platform has
surpassed the software engineering processes tailored
to mobile application development. The mobile
software development teams face the challenge of the
dynamic environment of different development and
technical requirements, with frequent modifications in
customer needs and expectations. The changing need
and expectations make the systems more complex.
During this continuous changing environment, the
agile processes are considered to be most suitable for
fast-paced markets, where customer satisfaction is
governed by early and frequent delivery, scope for
changes even late in the project, shortened delivery
cycle, collaboration between businesses and
developers,, need for continuous technical excellence,
good design, simplicity and where working software is
the primary measure of progress.
IV. IS AGILE – A NATURAL FIT FOR MOBILE
APPLICATION DEVELOPMENT?
The mobile telecommunications industry comprises
a highly competitive, dynamic and uncertain
environment. The agile approach is seen as a natural fit
for mobile application development. and studies
carried out for the application of the agile development
approach to mobile application development indicates
the need for software development processes tailored
to suite the mobile application requirements [3]. It has
been recommended that agile practices are the best
choice which assures different phases of software
development life cycle and to solve the mobile
application development issues more efficiently [4]. It
is believed that agile innovations may offer a variety of

A Review and Analysis on Mobile Application Development Processes using Agile Methodologies 11
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solutions for mobile application and assist service
developers in need of high quality development
processes [2].
Abrahamsson et al. [5] have demonstrated the traits
which reasons why agile technologies fits best in
mobile software development. The various issues
includes, high environment volatility, small
development teams, identifiable customer, object-
oriented development environment, non-safety critical
software, application level software, small systems and
short development cycles.
Kannan [6] has also highlighted the suitability of
agile software development in mobile application
development because of small teams, short deadlines,
importance of usability, fast delivery and less
complexity. The authors have suggested seven
methods in which Agile development practices
enhance the development of mobile apps that includes
experimentation and adaption nature of mobile apps;
reliability that leads to continued use of apps;
extension of Agile sprints into mobile app model,
responsiveness to technology changes; rapidly
accommodating customer feedback; a more thoughtful
user experience; and phased roll out of feature sets.
Holler [3] suggested that agile software
development offers tremendous opportunities and
value, for mobile development teams working into
introducing a lightweight development process or scale
back bureaucratic processes. The author has
emphasized about the progress in mobile computer
technology and the rapid escalation of wireless
networks in quality and quantity that has brought in
new applications and concerns in this dynamic
environment. He has also underlined the promptness
with which the industry needs to adapt and change
itself from conventional systems development
techniques fulfilling the special needs of this field.
In addition, agile methodologies have also been
criticized in its ineffectiveness when used in large
organizations and certain types of projects where it has
been enlisted as an area that needs further research. It
has been suggested that agile methods seem best for
developmental and non-sequential projects and many
organizations believe that the methodology is too
extreme. Barlow et al. [7] suggested that these
organizations should prefer adopting a hybrid
approach that mixes elements of agile and plan-driven
approaches to fulfill their needs. Moreover, they
suggested that agile methods seem more suitable for
developmental and non-sequential projects and many
organizations believed that agile methodologies were
too extreme. Boehm and Turner [8] and Beck [9]
suggested that Agile development was found to be less
reliable and suitable for certain types of environment
and teams that include small number of experts.
The technology has also been assessed by
numerous observers as being a “management fad” and
claims of a measurable business improvement via
measurement of metrics defined by itself (e.g.
velocity) [10, 11, 12]. The technology has its
limitations in distributed development efforts, using an
Agile Software Process with Offshore Development,
and mission-critical systems where failure is not an
option at any cost (e.g. software for air traffic control)
(Fowler, 2010) [13].
The technology has also been criticized for various
other reasons that includes lack of structure and
necessary documentation, works with senior-level
developers, incorporates insufficient software design,
requires too much cultural change to adopt, can lead to
more difficult contractual negotiations, feature driven,
non-functional quality attributes are hard to be placed
as user stories. [14].
In the scope of mobile software development,
Corral et al. presented a survey that shows a lack of
evidence that shows a clear link between the proposed
Agile methodologies and their utilization in a real-
world setting [15], instantiating a trend mentioned in a
previous analysis by Janes et al. [16], that reflects an
identified decline on considering Agile practices as a
silver bullet.
V. REVIEW OF MOBILE APPLICATION
DEVELOPMENT PROCESSES - USING AN
AGILE APPROACH
Following Agile methodologies have been
proposed that uses combination of agile and non-agile
techniques for the development of mobile applications
by various scientists in last decade.
Table 1: Mobile Application Development Processes using Agile Methodologies
Mobile Process Mobile Development Process Description Year Techniques
Mobile D
An Agile Approach for Mobile Application
Development
2004 XP, Crystal, RUP
RaPiD 7 Rapid Production of Documentation - 7 steps 2005 AM
Hybrid Methodology
Design
Designing an Agile Methodology for Mobile
Software Development - A Hybrid Method
Engineering Approach
2007 ASD, NPD

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MASAM
Development Process of Mobile Application SW
Based on Agile Methodology
2008 XP, RUP, SPEM
SLeSS
A Scrum and Lean Six Sigma Integration Approach
for the Development of Software Customization for
Mobile Phones
2011
Scrum, Lean Six
Sigma
A. Mobile-D
One of the pioneering studies in agile approach is
by Abrahamsson et al. [17], where it was assessed that
agile development solution provides a good fit for
mobile application development environment and
proposed a new approach called Mobile D. The
research provides an overview on to the mobile
application development that makes it challenging and
how these special characteristics and limitations affect
mobile software development process. The study also
introduces a software development approach drawn
from the field of agile software engineering, which is
designed to meet the specific demands of extremely
volatile mobile environment. A new architecture
concept called Architecture Line has also been
introduced that aims producing an application
framework, which guides the development of future
mobile applications.
Mobile-D approach is based on Rational Unified
Process RUP (life-cycle coverage), eXtreme
Programming XP (development practices) and Crystal
methodologies (scalability). Briefly the methodology
of Mobile-D comprises of five phases, each of which
has a number of associated stages, tasks and practices:
Explore, Initialize, Productionize, Stabilize, System
Test and Fix. The software development project that
follows Mobile-D approach is divided into five
iterations. These phases are set-up, core, core2,
stabilize and wrap-up. Each of these phases consists of
three different types of development days: Planning,
Working and Release Day. The Mobile-D is organized
into a framework that conjoins the main processes
(plan, design, implement, test, release) with the
support processes (project management, software
configuration management, software process
improvement).
Figure 1: Phases of Mobile-D Software Development Process [17]
The 9 principal elements of Mobile-D are Off-Site
Customer (Requirements), Phasing and placing in
Planning Day (Planning), Agile Modeling (Modeling),
Architecture Line (Architecture), Time, size and defect
(Metrics), RaPiD7-method (Documentation), Agile
Software Process Improvement (Improvement), User-
Centred Focus End-users), Mobile Test-First
development (Testing).
The Mobile-D approach has been empirically tested
in development projects and has been successfully
assessed against the CMMI level 2 certification. It is
recommended to use Mobile-D by a small co-located
team of at most ten co-located developers, working in
a short development cycle towards a product delivery
within 8 to 10 weeks of calendar time. Although this
methodology being a pioneering study in the field
seems very promising and plays an important role in
theory, it is important to mention that this approach is
cursory and not completely defined in order to be
literally used in practice. Also, further improvements
on it, have been suggested by other authors and the
model could further be improved using hybrid agile
techniques.
Spataru [18], evaluated the suitability of Agile
methods for mobile application development projects,
bringing a set of improvements to an established Agile
via Mobile-D methodology, and providing tool support
to enable these improvements, facilitating performance
testing, usage logging and automatic test case
generation. The researcher found importance of post-
release that was not provided by Mobile-D and
addressed the issue by extending the methodology in
terms of lifecycle coverage, and by adding a newly
evolved phase that deals with continuously integrating
end-user feedback on the delivered product into future
releases. The improvements brought to Mobile-D as
proposed by Spataru should undergo experimental
validation in a real organization. Such an experiment
would require extensive work to be performed in
collaboration with development teams working with
different methodologies, and analysing if the
envisaged benefits of the improvements described are
met when applied on real projects.
B. RaPiD7
Working software has been given a focus over
comprehensive documentation; however the required
documents should be identified and documented.
Dooms et al. has proposed a method called ‘RaPiD7’
(rapid production of documentation, 7 steps) that
improves the documentation work without scarifying
the quantity and quality of documentation [9]. RaPiD7
describes how human interaction is planned in
software projects and how documents are to be created
in facilitated workshops. The survey data RaPiD7 is

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presented to speed up the planning work, improve the
quality of the results and to enable more efficient
information sharing. Moreover, metrics from a case
study show how RaPiD7 has reduced significantly the
number of fatal findings in inspections and provides a
method that amends the planning activities in software
engineering and the experiences show evidence of the
improvements.
RaPiD7 provides a three-layer structure: Project, Case
and Workshop layers.
Table 2: Three layer structure of RaPiD7 [19]
Layers Description
Project Layer
Describes how human interaction and joint decision-making is planned for software
projects.
Case Layer
Describes how the selected cases such as documents are to be created in
consecutive workshops.
Workshop Layer
Describes how the actual work is carried out in form of facilitated workshop, using
seven steps of method.
The workshops are planned in detail (1. Preparation
Phase), initiated properly (2. Kick-off Phase) and
different idea gathering (3. Idea gathering Phase),
problem solving (4. Analysis Phase) and decision-
making (6. Decisions making Phase) techniques are
used in the workshops. The decisions are written down
on a desired level (5. Detailed design Phase), and the
workshop results are verified and the next steps are
agreed on (7. Closing Phase).
Figure 2: Seven steps of RaPiD7 Workshop Layer [19]
RaPiD7 supports all software development projects,
whether related or unrelated to mobile application
development, but the case study experiments was
performed in major mobile companies such as Nokia
and Philips. This method has been experimentally
tested at Philips Digital Systems Laboratory and it was
developed within Nokia in the 2002-2003 timeframe.
The motivation is to make documents that match
reality and create them with as little effort as possible.
RaPiD7 approach embraces two very agile practices:
Whole Team & Do the Simplest Thing That Will
Work. RaPiD7 improves the traditional approach for
specification work by offering a way to plan the
human interaction in the early phases of software
projects and by providing means to make decisions
and to document authoring jointly with a built-in
quality assurance.
C. Hybrid Methodology Design
Rahimian and Ramsin [20] presents a different
approach to the Mobile-D. They proposed a hybrid
Agile and risk-based methodology that generates a
method suitable for mobile application development
designed from Methodology Engineering techniques.
This is a discipline concerned with creating
methodologies suitable for different development
scenarios, motivated by the belief that no single
process fits all situations. It is based on a combination
between agile methodologies, Adaptive Software
Development (ASD) and New Product Development
(NPD).
The ideal mobile software development
characteristics that the hybrid engineering
methodology is based on are: agility, market
consciousness, software product line support,
architecture-based development, support for
reusability, inclusion of review and learning sessions,
early specification of physical architecture. The Hybrid
Methodology Design process has been developed as a
top-down, iterative-incremental process comprised of
the following tasks: prioritization of requirements,
selection of the design approaches to be used in the
current iteration, application of the selected design
approaches, revision, refinement and restructuring of
the methodology built so far, defining the abstraction
level for the next iteration, and finally the revision and
refinement of the requirements, prioritizing them for
the next iteration.
Table 3: Phases of Hybrid Engineering Methodology [20]
Hybrid Engineering Methodology Phases
Idea Generation
Project Initiation
Preliminary Analysis
Business Analysis
Preparation Phase
Kick Off Phase
Idea Gathering Phase
Decision Making Phase
Detailed Design Phase
Analyzing Idea Phase
Closing Phase

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Analysis
Detailed Analysis
Creation of Functional Prototype
Design
Architectural Design
Detailed Design
Implementation
(Development
Engine)
Adaptive Cycle Planning
Concurrent Component Engineering
Updates to Component Library
Test
Quality Review
Market Testing
Commercialization
Briefly, the proposed mobile development
methodology was created in four iterations, starting
from a generic software development lifecycle. In the
first iteration, the methodology was detailed by adding
practices commonly found in agile methods. Taking
into account market considerations, the second
iteration included activities from New Product
Development, a process concerned with introducing a
new product or service to the market. In the third
iteration, Adaptive Software Development (ASD)
ideas were integrated into the methodology, while in
the fourth & final iteration, prototyping was added to
mitigate likely technology-related risks.
The hybrid method engineering development
framework takes into account most of the issues
identified in related work in the field. However, the
methodology is still at a high-level, and no specific
tasks for the identified stages have been provided. The
published material on Hybrid Engineering
Methodology does not include any case study or shows
that the methodology has been empirically tested on
developing an actual mobile software product.
D. MASAM
Jeong et al. [21] proposed the Mobile Application
Software Agile Methodology (MASAM) that provides
the process for developing the mobile applications
swiftly using an agile approach. It is based on Extreme
Programming (XP), Agile Unified Process, RUP and
the Software and Systems Process Engineering Meta-
model (SPEM). It is GUI based architecture-centered
that uses Agile approaches for rapid development and
utilizes domain knowledge. MASAM shows a strong
tie with the Mobile-D methodology and introduces
slight variations, such as a project management and
follow up tool coupled with Eclipse Process
Framework.
MASAM is described according to Software and
Systems Process Engineering Meta-model (SPEM) and
defines following three kinds of process assets:
Table 4: Process Assets of MASAM [11]
Kind Description Name
Role It defines a set of related skills,
competencies and responsibilities of an
individual(s).
Planner, Manager, UI designer, Developer,
Development team, Initial development team,
Tester, User
Task It is an assignable unit of work assigned to
a specific role. The granularity of a task is
generally a few hours to a few days and
usually affects one or only a small number
of work products.
Product Summary, Initial Planning, User
Definition, Initial Analysis, Select Resource,
Select Process, Establish Environment, Write
Story Card, UI Design, Define Architecture,
Planning, Iteration plan, Face-to-face Meeting,
Incremental Design, TDD, Refactoring, Release
Plan, Feedback, Pattern Manage, Pair
Programming, Integration, Acceptance Test,
User Test Figure
Work
Product
It is a general term for task inputs and
outputs. There are three types of work
product.
Product Summary, Project Planner, UI Sample,
UI Model, UI pattern, Architecture Pattern,
Application Pattern, Story Card, Task Card,
Architecture Model, Component Model, Test
Case.
MASAM proposes a mobile application
development cycle comprised of four phases. The
Preparation Phase defines a summary and a first notion
of the product, and assigns roles and responsibilities.
The Embodiment Phase focuses on understanding
user’s needs and defining the architecture of the
software product. The last stage formed the Product
Developing Phase, that benefits from traditional agile
principles to furnish an iterative Extreme
Programming development sequence. The
implementation of the software product is carried out
through Test-Driven Development, Pair Programming,
Refactoring and Continuous Integration, with a close
relationship with iterative testing activities. Finally, a
Commercialization Phase concentrates on product
launching and product selling activities.

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Table 5: Phases of MASAM process [21]
Phase Activity Task
Preparation Phase
Grasping Product
Product summary
Pre-planning
Product Concept Sharing
User Definition
Initial product analysis
Project Set-up
Development process coordination
Project resource coordination
Pre study
Embodiment Phase
User Need Understanding
Story card workshop
UI design
Architecting
Non-functional requirement analysis
Architecture definition
Pattern management
Development Phase
Implementation & Preparation
Environment setup
Development Planning
Release Cycle
Release Planning
Iteration Cycle
Release
Commercialization Phase
System Test
Acceptance Test
User Test
Product Selling
Launching Test
Product Launching
It is recommended to use the MASAM
methodology for small companies that are focused on
the development of mobile software applications.
However the, authors have not presented a case study
of an actual implementation of this methodology in a
real-world environment.
E. SLeSS
Cunha et al. [22] proposed SLeSS; an agile
approach integrates Scrum and Lean Six Sigma (LSS)
that focuses on project management and process
improvement respectively. The approach uses two
types of product backlogs, Customization Product
Backlog (for customizing development projects) and
LSS Product Backlog (for process improvements).
The use of SLeSS assists in the easy adaptation to
requirement changes in the later stages of the project
and with less overall impact than the traditional
approach, helps in meeting deadlines, reduces
overtime hours, and delivers more rapidly versions and
shortening the development cycle. Besides this, the use
of the approach enables the achievement of
performance and quality targets of real software
development project, increases productivity, improves
process quality, helps in cost reduction, progressively
improves the development process, management
process and the outcome of projects with fewer defects
and failures.
Scrum is an agile methodology for project
management and software development that adopts an
empirical approach rather than prescriptive one and
therefore it may be used in complex projects. On the
other hand, Lean Six Sigma (LSS) is a methodology
for defining and improving products, processes and
services with a focus on reduction of defects and
failures, on variation and waste elimination,
prioritizing, in a planned and objective way, the
achievement of quality and financial results. A six
sigma level represents a process with 3.4 defects per
million opportunities (DPMO).
1. Scrum in SLeSS
Scrum is widely used in software development, and
it has been observed and documented in the scope of
mobile software development [23]. The execution of
SLeSS assumes an incremental approach by first
implementing the Scrum alone and once the Scrum is
well settled in the organization, LSS should be
implemented as a quality framework. Initially, training
team was chosen in the Deployment phase, aiming that
the customization development would not suffer time
and quality deviations which followed simulation of a
real customization development in the team that was

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already using Scrum. Later, Scrum was introduced to
relative experienced team, with well-defined scope,
activities and known risks. The recommendations for
Scrum in SLeSS are:
- Sprint Size: It should be one or two weeks.
- Team Size: There should be four to nine people in a
team.
- Sprint Backlogs: It contains customized activities
and process improvement. The development team
and client identify the problems or issues in Sprint
which are prioritized and resolved by the team
members on regular basis.
- Lean Six Sigma (LSS): It is important for Scrum
Master and Product Owner to have proper
understanding of LSS techniques, the development
and management processes.
2. Lean Six Sigma in SLeSS
Once Scrum is well settled in the organization,
Lean Six Sigma (LSS) is applied as a quality
framework that complements Scrum as a development
methodology. The model is represented by the 5-phase
DMAIC phases (Define, Measure, Analyze, Improve
and Control) as follows:
Table 6: DMAIC: 5 Phases of SLeSS approach [12]
Phases Backlog Items
1. Definition Phase
LSS Project Contract
Initial Analysis
2. Measurement Phase
SIPOC Diagram (Supplier, Inputs, Process, Outputs, Customers)
Process Map
Cause and Effect Diagram
Cause and Effect Matrix
Impact Effort Matrix
Initial Capability
Measurement and Inspection Systems
3. Analysis Phase
FTA (Fault Tree Analysis)
Analysis of critical inputs of the processes
4. Improvement Phase
Action Plan
SIPOC
Process Map
Piloted Solution
Final capability of the processes
5. Control Phase Control Plan
The SLeSS approach has been used in real
embedded software customization development
projects for mobile phones. The approach was
experimented in P&D&I laboratory, with a mobile
phone manufacturer as a client with team of 7-12
developers, in duration from 4-6 months, with average
size of 529 LOC (Line of Code) developed in ANSI C
programming language.
The practice of SLeSS facilitates in obtaining
higher outcomes, such as better adaptation to changes
in requirements, the fulfillment of the deadlines, the
decrease in number of unplanned overtime and
delivering more versions rapidly that too with fewer
defects or failures. It demonstrates increase in
productivity, improvement in process quality and
reduction in cost. Besides this, the approach has
allowed the improvement in development and
management processes, initiating their statistical
control and aligning them to meeting the customer
goals and expectations.
VI. CONCLUSION
There has been significant increase in mobile
application development projects as the demand for
mobile applications are growing and the potential
number of different mobile applications is virtually
unlimited. Furthermore, the published research work
related to mobile softwares confirms Agile practices to
be a natural fit for the development of mobile
applications. An appropriate Agile method could be
selected for a given project and can be tailored to a
specific requirement based upon project’s complexity
and team size. Despite of the identified business
opportunity, a very few scientific publications can be
found, which address the specific problems that the
development organizations are facing while
developing software for mobile devices. Although the
proposed mobile application development models as
discussed and reviewed in this paper are encouraging
but still theoretical. These findings should undergo

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experimental validation in a real organization to
appreciate its results.
Beside the use of these proposed methods, there is a
requisite to explore other agile approaches that can
also be investigated and integrated with the
development of mobile applications. This can be done
by means of industrial surveys, interviews with mobile
software developers, mobile project managers,
concrete discussions with Agile experts and planning
other experimental studies. It is expected that this
review will assist in planning future work on
investigating mobile application development process
using hybrid collection of best agile approach which
could further undergo experimental validation. Later,
the conclusions from those studies could be
recommended to mobile software development
companies and researchers that would suitably adopt
agile methodologies as a generic development culture
without worrying about specific agile methodologies.
In addition, it is anticipated that these studies can be
successfully implemented to enhance and evaluate the
overall quality and performance of mobile software
development process that brings forth many
observations which indicate substantial scope for
further research in the domain.
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www.ijorcs.org
[23] Christelle Scharff, Ravi Verma, “Scrum to support
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How to cite
Harleen K. Flora, Dr. Swati V. Chande, "A Review and Analysis on Mobile Application Development Processes
using Agile Methodologies ". International Journal of Research in Computer Science, 3 (4): pp. 9-18, July 2013. doi:
10.7815/ijorcs.34.2013.068

A Review and Analysis on Mobile Application Development Processes using Agile Methodologies

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