Floriculture - its status and prospects in Manipur, India
- 1. Dr. L. Jeebit Singh Department of Horticulture & Soil Conservation, Manipur
- 2. FLORICULTURE (Flower + culture/cultivation) • Aesthetic section Horticulture • Deals with cultivation aspects (includes everything from planting till it reaches consumer) of ornamental plants • Ornamental plants may be - o Annuals o Biennials o Trees o Shrubs o House plants o Climbers o Cut flowers o Cacti and succulents o Loose flowers o Bonsai o Lawn o Many more……. (in short any plants or plant part that have beauty)
- 3. Importance of Floriculture • Symbol of grace and elegance • Everyone irrespective of their origin, race, sex and cadre loves it • An inseparable element in social fabric of human life, befits all occasions, be it at birth, marriage or death • Offering to Gods by devotees • Used as a floral decoration • Used to welcome the dignitaries (garlands and bouquets)
- 4. Importance of Floriculture • Nursery business • Plant rental services • Cut flower market • Loose flower market • Industrial importance – Extraction of essential oils – Preparation of perfumes, scents or attar – Many more like Gulkand, Rose water, extraction of antioxidants…………..
- 5. Significance of Floriculture in today’s Manipur • Flowers have become an integral part of the modern life beyond its traditional use • The consumption of cut flower, loose flower and potted plant has increased tremendously in last decade • Provide high return per unit area • Immense employment to educated and unemployed youths • “Act East Policy” of Indian Government has special attention to floriculture
- 6. Manipur’s - Floricultural Treasure • The State abounds in wealth of – Orchids, Rhododendrons, Primulas, Various kinds of Lilies including Lilium mackleniae, Lilium chitrangada, Stag horn Ferns etc., • Till date no significant steps for any scientific conservation, improvement and exploitation of its commercial values • The rampant exploitation has resulted to substantial biotic erosion
- 7. Manipur’s – Journey to Floricultural Sector Novel developments in floriculture sector started in early 2000 AD – Started by imparting modern technologies – Trainings within/outside the State – Providing input materials – Infrastructural set up – Organizing District and State Level flower Show cum Competition and – Sponsoring genuine florist on exposure trips to National and International Fair
- 8. $30 billion cut flower industry Major producers: Holland, Columbia, Kenya, Zimbabwe, Ecuador, India, Mexico, China, Malaysia The Floriculture Industry GLOBAL FLORICULTURE INDUSTRY
- 9. Global floriculture scenario World floriculture market is growing at the rate of 10-15% per annum More than 150 countries are involved in cultivation of floricultural crops Developed countries in Europe, America, and Asia account for more than 90% of the total world trade in floriculture products World consumption of flowers range from US $ 40-60 billion/annum
- 10. Indian scenario Increase in floricultural exports every year is mainly due to establishment of export oriented cut flower units around Bangalore, Pune, Delhi and Hyderabad. Export of floriculture product Rs.127 lakhs. Fresh cut flower Rs.379 lakhs. Dried flower and plant parts Rs.520 lakhs. Cut foliage Rs.198 lakhs. Live plants Rs.140 lakhs. Bulbs and Tubers Rs.362 lakhs. Perfume –rose, jasmine, tuberose, lavender, etc. Pigments- Marigold, Saffron, etc. Ornamental Seed production- Rs.10 crores
- 11. India’s Market Share of Flower
- 12. Floricultural Exports from India; Dry Flowers – U.S, Europe, Japan , Australia, Far east ,RUSSIA Fresh Cut Flowers- Europe ,Japan, Australia, middle east, U.S.A Loose Flowers- expatriate Indians in gulf Cut Foliage- Europe Potted Plants- UK Indian exports mostly target the events like: Christmas New Year Eve Valentines Day Mothers Day
- 13. Manipur scenario • The traditional flower cultivation, comprising of growing loose flowers mostly for catering requirements of religious and social functions • Floriculture in Manipur is mostly in the hands of marginal farmers • The present area under open field cultivation for loose flower covers only 86 ha. (including aquatic cultivation for Lotus & Water Lily) • The species grown in open condition are varieties of Jasmine, Gardenia, Pagoda, Aster, Lotus, water lily, Champaca, marigold, hedychium, Oleander, Gladiolus, Dahlia, ground orchids, Terrestrial Orchids, Rhododendron, Begonia, Geranium, Ixora, Japanese honey suckle,………………………………….etc.
- 14. Manipur scenario • Cut Dendrobium ranks one in production followed by Hybrid Rose, Anthurium, Gerbera, Tuberose, mainly from the units promoted by the department • These cut flowers have gained momentum in the last 3 years • The Cut Flowers (Rose, Gerbera, Anthurium, Dendrobium) are sold in Imphal Market in small vendors • A good quantity is exported to other States and Cities like Kolkata and Delhi.
- 15. Table 1.1 - Area and Production Statistic for Loose Flowers in Manipur (2013-14) Sl .no Flower Area (in Ha) Production (MT) 1. Jasmine 5 2.25 2. Champaca 20 4.00 3. Water Lily 12 8.00 4. Lotus 10 7.00 5. Marigold 15 5.50 6. Tuberose 4 1.20 7. Others (Gardenia, Aster, Hedychium, Gladiolus, Dahlia, ground orchids, Begonia, Geranium, Ixora, hydrangea, tuberose, china rose, garden roses, Japanese honeysuckle, Chrysanthemum, Dianthus, Magnolia, Cock’s Comb, Bougainvillea, Impatiens, Sunflower, etc. 20 7.55 Total 86 ha 35.5 M.T
- 16. Table 1.2 - Area and Production Statistic for Cut Flowers & Foliage in Manipur (2013-14) Sl. no Flower Area (in Ha) Production (nos. in lakh) 1. Carnation 1 0.60 2. Tuberose 3 0.20 3. Rose 15 2.00 4. Orchid (Dendrobium) 1.5 2.25 5. Anthurium 2 0.50 6. Gerbera 2 0.52 7. Alstroemeria 0.25 0.15 8. Leather Leaf Fern and 0.85 0.20 9. Other foliage 5.25 0.68 Total 30.85 ha 7.10 lakh
- 17. Prospects of Floriculture in Manipur • Climatic conditions are ideal (wide- range) • Labour is cheap • Capability of generating gainful employment for larger number of youth in rural and urban areas • Demand for traditional flowers for religious purposes is large • Floriculture has an annual growth potential of 25-30% • High demand of floriculture product in international market already
- 18. Scope for Floriculture Development Conducive environment for flowers: • Manipur has distinct climate variations. • Different topography result in climate changes within close proximity /short distance • Makes it one of the most ideal climates for commercial cultivation of floriculture crops • The climate varies mainly from tropical to sub-tropical with semi-temperate condition • Suits to healthy growth of most of the flower species
- 19. Scope for Floriculture Development • Ukhrul - the home for the Siroy Lily ( Lilium mecklenae) the Queen of lily in the kingdom of Lilies • The Bulbous, Calla lily (Zantedeschia aethiopica) is found widely with attractive flowers in wild in Ukhrul District • Alstroemeria which is cultivated in Home gardens • The market prospect for commercial production for Calla lily and Alstromeria has been explored to as committed items for Cut Flower in National/ International Market • This potential has to be tapped by promoting protected cultivation for Calla lily and Alstromeria with infrastructural, input, technical and marketing supports.
- 20. Scope for Floriculture Development • Orchids, believed to have evolved in the state, form a very important feature of the vegetation here. • Of about 1300 species of orchids, belonging to 158 genera reported from India, Northeast India sustains the highest concentration with about 700 species. • Of which there are about 251 species are confined originally in the state • The following are the some of the species of Orchids found in Manipur Dendrobium Species, Schoenorchis manipurensis, Asconcentrum ampullaceum var. auranticum, A. ampullaceum, Aerides fieldingii var. williamsii, Aeridis odorata var. alba, Cymbidium tigrinum, Vanda spp. etc.
- 21. Scope of Loose Flower cultivation • The present production of loose flower is only 35.5 M.T / Year (actual domestic requirement of about 80 – 90 MT per year) • The business of loose flower at Imphal & other major markets in the State is becoming very profitable • The peak period for demand persist during the period, August to November • It would enable to ensure more employment and income to the community of marginal farmers.
- 22. Scope for Cut Flower cultivation (with export aim) • Among the spp. of orchids found wild in Manipur, Dendrobium spp. has proved promising • Orchid has been prioritized by the Department for large scale cultivation. • Model Plantation and Production under protected condition at the Department’s Centre, Khonghampat and beneficiaries’ Units set up for the purpose • The Department’s Centre imparts technical know-how for cultivation and Cut Flower Production of Dendrobium spp. to potential growers of the State.
- 23. Scope for Protected Cultivation • Protected cultivation for cut flower production covers hardly 10 ha. • Species grown viz. Anthurium, Hybrid Rose, Oriental Lilium, Carnation, Gerbera, Tuberose, Dendrobium, Alstroemeria, Leather Leaf and other bulbous flowers • During 2013-14, the production of Cut Flower in the State has raised to 7.10 lakh nos. from 6.11 lakh and 6.51 lakh in the year, 2008-09 and 2009-10 respectively • With relevant and reputed companies coming up to trade agreement of Cut flowers, the enthusiasm of genuine florist has increased to a great extent
- 24. Scope for Green foligae cultivation (Leather Leaf Fern, Asparagus etc. ) • One of the most desired plant parts is the green foliage that is either cultivated or naturally available in the area and used as fillers in the vases and decoration. • A mix of foliage, mostly green and cut flowers always make a very good presentable bouquet. • Well adapted Species use as foliage grown since early 70s are, Asparagus, Local palm, Thuja compacta etc. • Such vast scope with diverse climatic conditions as prevalent in the state is quite suitable for foliage and has been established with performances of Leather leave (foliage) while cultivated under Protected Structures.
- 25. Scope for value added products • Dry flower is becoming a booming industries in both domestic market and international markets – Advantage of everlasting beauty • Various pharmaceuticals industries uses aromatic and essential oils as a main ingredient • Food industries also used extracts of flower as additives
- 26. Problems of Floriculture Industry • Inadequate Infrastructure • Cultivation of flowers in greenhouse is dependent on foreign technology which need high investment • Limited availability in cargo space creates hurdles in transporting flowers to foreign markets • Serious dearth of information pertaining to overseas market • Patent law plays important role in importing planting material from other countries
- 27. Marketing opportunity • Manipur is connected daily by Air to two major Cities directly and to 5 cities of the Country indirectly. • These major National Cities are also main business hubs for Flowers. • Cut Flower items from the entire Districts of the State can reach the National Market at Kolkata and Delhi on the same day of harvest. • Marketing route has been created with competent Companies/ Firms (Sheel Biotech, New Delhi; Blooming Buds, Jaipur, Florance Flora, Bengaluru etc.) intending to undergo MOU for purchasing selected species of Cut Flowers for on ward export abroad. • Manipur is located at the outskirt of South East Asia, and considered one of the important Tourist Destination, floriculture industries would take the prime role in earning foreign exchanges through Export of Cut Flower items outside the country.