Sociology as a science
- 2. Sociology is the study of society and social behaviour of human beings. It covers a vast area of study, including economy, polity, social structures (size, occupation etc.)
- 3. According to Auguste Comte and Durkheim, Sociology is a science, because it adopts and applies the scientific methods. It Makes proper use of scientific methods in the study of its subject matter. Hence sociology is considered as science.
- 4. It involves scientific methods (Sociometry schedule, case-study, interview, questionnaire) It makes accurate observation. Objectivity is possible in Sociology. It describes cause-effect relationship. Makes accurate measurement. (Measures social phenomena accurately) Makes accurate prediction. Makes generalization. (Universally applicable)
- 5. AUGUSTE COMTE He focused Mainly on stages in the development and progress of human mind and stressed that these stages co-related with parallel stages in the development of social order, units, organisation, Material condition of human life.
- 6. THE THREE STAGES : THEOLOGI CAL / FICTIOUS METAPHYSICAL / ABSTRACT POSITIVE / SCIENTIFIC
- 7. FICTIOUS •Activities of man guided by supernatural power. •Mans thinking was guided by theoritical dogma. •Lack of logical thinking. •Priests dominated the stage. •Includes concepts like Fethism, Anthromorphism, Polythesim, Monothesim.
- 8. ABSTRACT •It was like a improved theological stage. •Discarded belief in concrete God. •1st stage’s principles were taken over by abstract principles. •Abstract power/force guided the world. •It was a kind of colonial society; means every society has its ruler and the rulers wanted to dominate and take over the other societies and increase their ruling periphery.
- 9. SCIENTIFIC •In this era warriors were replaced by industrialist and the priests were replaced by scientists. •The minds of this world observed and experimented social world and gave effort to trace out scientific laws governing them. •This stage is the logical stage of human evolutions.
- 10. KARL MARX
- 13. This theory is popularly know as “Marxism“.
- 14. HERBERT SPENCER Spencer shared his work with Comet and Durkheim, which was the theory of organic analogy. He borrowed his concepts from Biology.