(01) BIODIVERSITY AND THE HEALTHY SOCIETY.pptx
- 1. BIODIVERSITY AND THE HEALTHY SOCIETY BIODIVERSITY AND THE HEALTHY SOCIETY
- 2. BIODIVERSITY AND THE HEALTHY SOCIETY https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XAi3VTSdTxU The production had an environmental theme, showing images of animal cruelty, deforestation, pollution, poaching, poverty and war. Jackson and the world's people unite in a spiritual chant—"Earth Song"—which summons a force that heals the world.
- 3. LESSON OBJECTIVES: At the end of the lesson, the students should be able to: • Determine the interrelatedness of society, environment and health; • Create a diagram that would show the relatedness of species in forming up a diverse and healthy society without compromising one another; and • Identify everyday tasks and evaluate whether they contribute to the wellness and health of biodiversity and society or not.
- 4. BIODIVERSITY
- 5. BIODIVERSITY • All the different kinds of life you’ll find in one area—the variety of animals, plants, fungi, and even microorganisms like bacteria that make up our natural world. • Each of these species and organisms work together in ecosystems, like an intricate web, to maintain balance and support life. • Biodiversity supports everything in nature that we need to survive: food, clean water, medicine, and shelter.
- 6. LEVELS OF BIODIVERSITY • – the genetic variation within a population • – the variety of species in a community • – the variety of communities in an ecosystem
- 7. GENETIC DIVERSITY A term used to describe the variation in the DNA sequence in each of our genomes. Genetic variation is what makes us
- 8. SPECIE DIVERSITY The measure of biological diversity observed in a particular ecological community indicating a number of species or species richness in an ecological area.
- 9. ECOSYSTEM DIVERSITY The variety of different habitats, communities and ecological processes. A biological community is defined by the species that occupy a particular area and the interactions between those species.
- 10. ECOSYSTEM A geographic area where plants, animals and other organisms as well as the weather and landscapes , work/ interact together to form a bubble of life. Ecosystem contains biotic or living things and abiotic or nonliving things. Biotic factors , include plants, animals and other living organisms. Abiotic factors include rocks, temperature and humidity. Ecosystem can be very large and / or small.
- 11. Biodiversity is essential for the processes that support all life on Earth, including humans. Without a wide range of animals, plants and microorganisms, we cannot have the healthy ecosystems that we rely on to provide us with the air we breathe and the food we eat.
- 12. Therefore, we, as human inhabitants of the ecosystem, must preserve and conserve the biodiversity of all creatures. In simple terms, it is true that people will always depend on biodiversity on the wholeness of our being and in our everyday lives.
- 14. If we fail to keep the process of taking care of the ecosystem, it is us who are actually putting our lives at risk. Significant decline in biodiversity has direct human impact when ecosystem in its insufficiency can no longer provide the physical as well as social need of human beings. Indirectly, changes in the ecosystem affect livelihood, income, and on occasion, may even cause political conflict. (WHO).
- 15. As humans put increasing pressure on the planet, using and consuming more resources than ever before, we risk upsetting the balance of ecosystems and losing biodiversity. WWF’s 2022 Living Planet Report found an average 69% decline in global populations of mammals, fish, birds, reptiles, and amphibians since 1970. The 2019 landmark Global Assessment Report by the Intergovernmental Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services reported 1 million animal and plant species are now threatened with extinction—the highest number in human history.
- 16. Biodiversity at Risk • The extinction of many species in a relatively short period of time is called a mass extinction. • Earth has experienced several mass extinctions, each probably caused by a global change in climate. • It takes millions of years for biodiversity to rebound after a mass extinction.
- 17. Biodiversity at Risk Current Extinctions • Scientists are warning that we are in the midst of another mass extinction. • The rate of extinctions is estimated to have increased by a multiple of 50 since 1800, with up to 25 percent of all species on Earth becoming extinct between 1800 and 2100. • The current mass extinction is different from those of the past because humans are the primary cause of the extinctions.
- 18. Biodiversity at Risk How Do Humans Cause Extinctions? • In the past 2 centuries, human population growth has accelerated and so has the rate of extinctions. • The major causes of extinction today are – the destruction of habitats – the introduction of nonnative species – pollution – the overharvesting of species
- 19. Threats to Biodiversity • Habitat loss and destruction • Alterations in ecosystem composition • Over-exploitation • Pollution and contamination • Global climate change
- 20. Biodiversity at Risk Habitat Destruction and Fragmentation • As human populations grow, we use more land to build homes and harvest resources. • In the process, we destroy and fragment the habitats of other species. • It is estimated that habitat loss causes almost 75 percent of the extinctions now occurring.
- 21. Biodiversity at Risk Alterations in Ecosystem Composition •Alterations and sudden changes, either within species groups or within the environment, could begin to change entire ecosystems. Alteration in ecosystems are a critical factor contributing to species and habitat loss.
- 22. Biodiversity at Risk • Over-exploitation •Over-hunting, over-fishing, or over-collecting of species can quickly lead to its decline. Changing consumption patterns of humans is often cited as the key reason for this unsustainable exploitation of natural resources.
- 23. Biodiversity at Risk • Pollution and Contamination •Biological systems respond slowly to changes in their surrounding environment. Pollution and contamination cause irreversible damage to species and varieties.
- 24. Biodiversity at Risk • Global Climate Change •Both climate variability and climate change cause biodiversity loss. Species and populations may be lost permanently if they are not provided with enough time to adapt to changing climatic conditions.
- 26. Biodiversity and Human Health Healthy communities rely on well-functioning ecosystems. They provide clean air, fresh water, medicines and food security.
- 27. Biodiversity and Human Health 5 reasons why biodiversity matters – to human health, the economy and your wellbeing 1. Biodiversity ensures health and food security Biodiversity underpins global nutrition and food security. Millions of species work together to provide us with a large array of fruits, vegetables and animal products essential to a healthy, balanced diet.
- 28. Biodiversity and Human Health 5 reasons why biodiversity matters – to human health, the economy and your wellbeing 2. Biodiversity helps fight disease Higher rates of biodiversity have been linked to an increase in human health. First, plants are essential for medicines. For example, 25% of drugs used in modern medicine are derived from rainforest plants while 70% of cancer drugs are natural or synthetic products inspired by nature. This means that every time a species goes extinct, we miss out on a potential new medicine. Second, biodiversity due to protected natural areas has been linked to lower instances of disease such as Lyme disease and malaria. While the exact origin of the virus causing COVID-19 is still unknown, 60% of infectious diseases originate from animals and 70% of emerging infectious diseases originate from wildlife. As human activities encroach upon the natural world, through deforestation and urbanisation, we reduce the size and number of ecosystems. As a result, animals live in closer quarters with one another and with humans, creating ideal conditions for the spread of zoonotic diseases.
- 29. Biodiversity and Human Health 5 reasons why biodiversity matters – to human health, the economy and your wellbeing 3. Biodiversity benefits business According to the World Economic Forum's recent Nature Risk Rising Report, more than half of the world’s GDP ($44 trillion) is highly or moderately dependent on nature. Many businesses are, therefore, at risk due to increasing nature loss. Global sales of pharmaceuticals based on materials of natural origin are worth an estimated $75 billion a year, while natural wonders such as coral reefs are essential to food and tourism.
- 30. Biodiversity and Human Health 5 reasons why biodiversity matters – to human health, the economy and your wellbeing 4. Biodiversity provides livelihoods Humans derive approximately $125 trillion of value from natural ecosystems each year. Globally, three out of four jobs are dependent on water while the agricultural sector employs over 60% of the world’s working poor. In the Global South, forests are the source of livelihoods for over 1.6 billion people. In India, forest ecosystems contribute only 7% to India’s GDP yet 57% of rural Indian communities’ livelihoods.
- 31. Biodiversity and Human Health 5 reasons why biodiversity matters – to human health, the economy and your wellbeing 5. Biodiversity protects us Biodiversity makes the earth habitable. Biodiverse ecosystems provide nature- based solutions that buffer us from natural disasters such as floods and storms, filter our water and regenerate our soils. The clearance of over 35% of the world’s mangroves for human activities has increasingly put people and their homes at risk from floods and sea-level rise. If today’s mangroves were lost, 18 million more people would be flooded every year (an increase of 39%) and annual damages to property would increase by 16% ($82 billion). Protecting and restoring natural ecosystems is vital to fighting climate change. Nature-based solutions could provide 37% of the cost-effective CO2 mitigation needed by 2030 to maintain global warming within 2°C.
- 32. Biodiversity and Health Changes in biodiversity will expose human beings to different kinds of diseases. Changes to biodiversity can have severe and unpredictable effects on the health of all living things, including human beings. According to research, loss in biodiversity affects human health , such as mental health ailments , depression, Parkinson's disease, heart disease, cancer, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma, diabetes, obesity, occupational injuries, dysentery, arthritis, and malaria.
- 33. What is the importance of biodiversity in science and technology? Biological diversity is the “infrastructure” that supports life on our planet: the air we breathe, the food we eat and the water we drink are only possible as long as we have healthy biodiversity – rich species and ecosystem diversity.