AP 7 LESSON 5: EBOLUSYON KULTURAL SA ASYA
- 7. •Pangea’s Existence was first proposed by German Meteorologists ALFRED WEGENER as a part of his theory CONTINENTAL DRIFT
- 9. •Pangea’s Existence was first proposed by German Meteorologists ALFRED WEGENER as a part of his theory CONTINENTAL DRIFT
- 10. •About 245 million years ago, all land on Earth was part of the supercontinent called PANGEA. •About 180 years, this huge land mass began to split apart into sections.
- 11. PANGEA •Also spelled PANGAEA •It NAME derived from a Greek word PANGAIA meaning all the Earth •A supercontinent that incorporated almost all the land masses on Earth •.
- 13. •It was surrounded by a global ocean called PANTHALASSA.
- 15. •The land on Earth is constantly moving. Over million years ago, the continent broke apart from single land masses and moved into 2 masses.
- 17. LAURAISA •More northern of two supercontinent that formed part of Pangaea •It includes North America, Europe, and Asia except peninsular India •It is known as the Mesozoic phenomenon- it is the largest mass extinction in Earth’s History and ended 66 million years with the asteroid that killed of the dinosaurs
- 18. GONDWANA • Also called GONDWANALAND • It is the Southern supercontinent which included the south hemisphere including Antarctica, South America, Africa, ndia, Arabia, Australia, and New Zealand
- 19. STEPS IN SCIENTIFIC METHOD • Observation • Research Question • Hypothesis • Prediction • Evidence and Experimentation • Theory
- 20. • Observation: The coasts of Africa and South America fit together like pieces of a puzzle. Research Question: Why do they fit together so precisely? • •Hypothesis: •They were part of a larger continent in the remote past that split apart somehow? • Prediction: •If they were connected, the geology at corresponding
- 21. WEGENER’S THEORY OF CONTINENTAL DRIFT •Evidence of rock formation •Climatic Evidence •Coal Deposits •Fossils
- 22. COMMUNITY •Despite the premise given by Alfred Wegener, the scientific community was not convince by his theory. They pointed Wegener failed to explained the cause of the movement of the continents •Wegener theorized that the strong ocean currents became the driving force for the movement of the continents
- 23. WEGENER ADVENTURE • Wegener tried to find more evidences in SIBERIA. However du to unavoidable circumstances, he was not able to return and was deemed to have died there.
- 25. HARRY HESS • Scientist who proposed and recommended and explanation about the seafloor spreading. • He proposed that hot and denser materials underneath Earth’s crust goes up to the surface at the mid ocean ridges then it flows sideways moving the seafloor away from the ridge in equal direction
- 27. MID OCEAN RIDGE •Is an underwater mountain system formed by plate tectonics. •It demarcates the boundary between two tectonic plates •It is considered as the longest chain of mountains in the world.
- 28. SONAR •SONAR - Sound Navigation and Ranging •Device that bounces sound waves off underwater objects and accounts the echoes to arrive signifies the distance of the objects
- 29. DEEP OCEAN TRENCHES •Deep underwater canyon •Topographic depression of the seafloor, relatively narrow in width, but very long. •These are the deepest part of the ocean floor
- 30. MARIANA TRENCH •Deepest spot in Earth’s ocean •It is located on Pacific ocean just east of Mariana Island
- 33. TECTONIC PLATES
- 34. •Earth’s surface is covered with a LITHOSPHERE that is broken into pieces called PLATES. •It is the study of the movement of these plate is TECTONIC PLATE
- 35. •Plate tectonics come from a LATIN word TECTONICUS •is a scientific theory describing the large scale motion of the 7 large plate and the movements of a larger number of smaller plates of the Earth’s lithosphere.
- 36. •Explains the features and movement of Earth’s surface in the present and in the past. •It provides uniform context for understanding mountain building process, volcanoes and erathquakes as well as the evolution of Earth’s surface and reconstructing its past continents and ocean.
- 37. Theories on the tectonic plate motion
- 38. •Dynamic theory • – forces which gives rise to the deformation or change. Caused my magnetism, metamorphism which affects the Earth’s crust
- 39. PACIFIC PLATES The only plate that lies beneath underwater --- Pacific Ocean It is the largest plate Spans over 100 million square kl. Moving at a speed of 3-4 inches per year.
- 40. AFRICAN PLATE • Straddling the equator as well as the prime meridian. • It includes most of the African continent • It makes up a large part of the Earth’s crust, which includes Africa and Large amount of Atlantic and Indian Ocean
- 41. SOUTH AMERICA PLATE • Share the long boundary convergent boundary on Earth featuring ANDES Mountain . • Andes mountain is currently a home to more than 200 potentially active volcanoes
- 42. NORTH AMERICA PLATE It covers most of the North America, Greenland Cuba, Bahamas and Extreme Northeastern Asia. It divides California and Andres Fault. It moves to West south west at about 1 inch per year.
- 43. ANTARCTIC PLATE It is the southernmost plate and centered over the South pole, Australia, Nazca. The plate movement is estimated to be at least 1 cm per year towards the atlantic ocean
- 44. EURASIAN PLATE Is a land mass consisting of the traditional continents of Europe and Asia. Moves north 2 cm every year. The 3rd slowest moving plate behind North and South American Tectonic Plate
- 45. AUSTRALIAN PLATE Major tectonic plate in the Eastern part and Southern Hemisphere It is moving northward at the rate of 2.2 inches per year
- 47. • Tectonic plate is also called LITHOSPHERIC PLATE • It is a massive irregularly shaped slab of solid rock, generally composed of both continental and oceanic lithosphere
- 48. WHAT CAUSES TECTONIC PLATES TO MOVE? • Because of the intense heat in the earth’s core that causes the molten rock in the mantle layer to move. • It moves in a pattern called CONVECTION CELL that forms when a warm material rises, cools and eventually sink down
- 49. CONVERGENT PLATE BOUNDARIES The plates are moving towards each other
- 50. DIVERGENT PLATE BOUNDARIES • The plates are moving away from each other
- 51. TRANSFORM FAULT •The plate are moving to past each other
- 52. SUBDUCTION • One plate is forced below another and forced to sink due to gravity. When this happens, we can get Earthquakes, volcanic eruptions and recycling of Earth’s crust