Linux Basic Commands
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This document provides an overview of basic Linux commands and concepts for beginners. It covers topics such as opening the terminal, changing directories, listing and manipulating files and folders, searching for files, managing processes, installing packages, setting environment variables, and compressing files. The document is intended to help new Linux users learn the basics of how Linux is organized and how to navigate and perform tasks on the command line interface.
Linux Basic Commands
- 1. This slides for every one who want to learn Linux in our Arab World and the whole World.. Thanks for every one who sharing us his experience and help us to learn linux .. :)
- 5. 1. Open terminal: 2. Type: man hier
- 6. How Linux is Organized??!
- 9. 1. Open terminal: 2. Type: cat /etc/shells
- 12. user @ computername:~ $ whoami user hostname computername
- 13. user @ computername:~ $ User Home Folder pwd /home/user1
- 14. Magic command Sudo : Super User Do sudo su sudo -i
- 16. Switch user : su su user-name Change user password passwd
- 17. Users logs -Who logged in: $ Who or w -Last Sessions: $ last
- 18. Change Directory: cd cd cd . cd .. cd ~ cd / cd Desktop/
- 19. List Files: ls ls ls -a ls directory ls -l file||dir man ls Get manual
- 20. Create Directory : mkdir mkdir UBUNTU Remove Directory : rmdir rmdir UBUNTU
- 21. Create File touch <file1> <file2> <....> cat > file-name new cat >> file-name update
- 22. Read File cat path/file-name Remove File rm path/file-name You can also do stuff like rm b* with the asterisk. For removing a collections of files started with litter b.
- 23. Reading Files head -# file-name tail -# file-name less path/file-name more path/file-name gedit path/file-name
- 24. Text Search : grep g/re/p (global / regular expression / print). grep -i pattern file-name ignore case grep -v pattern file-name all except patt grep -w pattern file-name as 1 word *.txt /directory
- 25. Continued.... ● whereis ls : Display information about the location of a command • which ls : Display which version of a command will execute . • pwd: print working directory
- 26. Try... • Try man –f ls whatis ls • Try man –k ls apropos ls
- 28. ShutDown sudo shutdown time sudo shutdown -r NOW sudo shutdown -c time
- 29. Copy Paste : cp cp <file1> <file2> <dest> cp -r dir/* new-directory
- 30. Move + Rename : mv mv path/file new-path/new-name mv -r dir/* new-directory
- 31. Terminal User @ computer-name User @ computer-name
- 32. Terminal User @ computer-name User @ computer-name
- 35. Search Tool find <dest> -name file-name
- 36. Linux files DB Lets update linux files data base : sudo updatedb locate file-name
- 37. Package Management System >> Administration >> Synaptic Package Manager. sudo apt-get install <pckg>
- 38. Process management System >> Administration >> System Monitor. ps aux top Process termination: kill p-id pkill p-name kill -9 p-id killall p-id xkill
- 39. Launcher Lets create my buttons... gksudo firefox
- 40. Compression.. * Create .tar.gz compressed file: 1. Create .tar file: $ tar -cvf new_name.tar folder_or_file 2.Create .gz file: $ gzip new_name.tar * Extract from .tar.gz compressed file: 1. Create .tar file: $ gunzip new_name.tar.gz 2.Create .gz file: $ tar -xvf new_name.tar
- 41. Linux Variables $ echo $PATH $ echo $USER $ echo $SHELL