16 exception handling - i
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This document discusses exception handling in Java. It defines exceptions as objects that describe errors during code execution. The try, catch, and finally keywords are used to handle exceptions. Exceptions can be generated by the Java runtime system or manually coded. The try block contains code that could cause exceptions. Catch blocks handle specific exception types. Finally blocks contain cleanup code. All exceptions extend the Throwable class. The Exception class is for program exceptions, while Error is for environmental errors. Uncaught exceptions use the default exception handler.
![Uncaught Exceptions
class Exc0 {
public static void main(String args[]) {
int d = 0;
int a = 42 / d;
} }
• When the Java run-time system detects the attempt to
divide by zero, it constructs a new exception object and
then throws this exception. This causes the execution of
Exc0 to stop, because once an exception has been thrown,
it must be caught by an exception handler and dealt with
immediately.
• In this case, we haven’t supplied any exception handlers of
our own, so the exception is caught by the default handler
provided by the Java run-time system.](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/16-exceptionhandling-i-130815152622-phpapp02/85/16-exception-handling-i-9-320.jpg)
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16 exception handling - i
- 1. Exception handling • Introduction of Exception • Define exceptions, • Use of try, catch, and finally statements. • Exception categories. • Common exceptions, • Defining own exceptions
- 2. • A Java exception is an object that describes an exceptional (that is, error) condition that has occurred in a piece of code.(at run time) • When an exceptional condition arises, an object representing that exception is created and thrown in the method that caused the error. • That method may choose to handle the exception itself, or pass it on. Either way, at some point, the exception is caught and processed. • Exceptions can be generated by the Java run-time system, or they can be manually generated by your code. • Manually generated exceptions are typically used to report some error condition to the caller of a method.
- 3. • Java exception handling is managed via five keywords: • try, • catch • throw, • throws, • finally.
- 4. • Program statements that we want to monitor for exceptions are contained within a try block. • If an exception occurs within the try block, it is thrown. Your code can catch this exception (using catch) and handle it in some rational manner. • System-generated exceptions are automatically thrown by the Java run-time system. To manually throw an exception, we use the keyword throw. • Any exception that is thrown out of a method must be specified as such by a throws clause. Any code that absolutely must be executed before a method returns is put in a finally block.
- 5. try { // block of code to monitor for errors } catch (ExceptionType1 exOb) { // exception handler for ExceptionType1 } catch (ExceptionType2 exOb) { // exception handler for ExceptionType2 } // ... finally { // block of code to be executed before try block ends } Here, ExceptionType is the type of exception that has occurred
- 6. • All exception types are subclasses of the built-in class Throwable. Throwable is at the top of the exception class hierarchy. Immediately below Throwable are two subclasses that partition exceptions into two distinct branches. • One branch is headed by Exception. – This class is used for exceptional conditions that user programs should catch. This is also the class that you will subclass to create your own custom exception types. – There is an important subclass of Exception, called RuntimeException. Exceptions of this type are automatically defined for the programs that you write and include things such as division by zero and invalid array indexing. Exception Types
- 7. • The other branch is topped by Error, which defines exceptions that are not expected to be caught under normal circumstances by our program. – Exceptions of type Error are used by the Java run- time system to indicate errors having to do with the run-time environment, itself. Stack overflow is an example of such an error.
- 9. Uncaught Exceptions class Exc0 { public static void main(String args[]) { int d = 0; int a = 42 / d; } } • When the Java run-time system detects the attempt to divide by zero, it constructs a new exception object and then throws this exception. This causes the execution of Exc0 to stop, because once an exception has been thrown, it must be caught by an exception handler and dealt with immediately. • In this case, we haven’t supplied any exception handlers of our own, so the exception is caught by the default handler provided by the Java run-time system.
- 10. • Any exception that is not caught by our program will ultimately be processed by the default handler. The default handler displays a string describing the exception, prints a stack trace from the point at which the exception occurred, and terminates the program. • Here is the output generated when this example is executed. java.lang.ArithmeticException: / by zero at Exc0.main(Exc0.java:4) • The type of the exception thrown is a subclass of Exception called ArithmeticException, which more specifically describes what type of error happened. Java supplies several built-in exception types that match the various sorts of run-time errors that can be generated. The stack trace will always show the sequence of method invocations that led up to the error.