Strings in programming tutorial.

Jan 31, 2017Download as PPTX, PDF0 likes182 views

String is one the most important topic in programming.In this presentation i just try to show basic of string in c programming.

Introduction
 Strings are array of characters i.e. they are characters
arranged one after another in memory. Thus, a character
array is called string.
 Each character within the string is stored within one
element of the array successively.
 A string is always terminated by a null character (i.e.
slash zero 0).

Arrays and Strings…
 Operations performed on character strings include:
 Reading and writing strings
 Copying one string to another
 Combining strings together
 Comparing strings for equality
 Extracting a portion of a string

 A string variable is declared as an array of characters.
 Syntax:
char string_name[size];
 E.g. char name[20];
 When the compiler assigns a character string to a character array, it
automatically supplies a null character (‘0’) at the end of the string

Initializing String Variables
 Strings are initialized in either of the following two forms:
char name[4]={‘R’,‘A’,‘M’, ‘0’};
char name[]={‘R’,‘A’,‘M’, ‘0’};
char name[4]=“RAM”;
char name[]=“RAM”;
 When we initialize a character array by listing its elements, the null terminator
or the size of the array must be provided explicitly.
R A M 0
name[0] name[1] name[2] name[3]

Reading and displaying Strings
 It can be done manually.

String handling functions
 Strings need to be manipulated by programmer.
 It can be done manually but is time consuming.

$Counting length of the string #include <stdio.h> void main() { char input_string[50]; int i=0, length=0; clrscr(); printf("nEnter your text:t"); gets(input_string); while(input_string[i]!='0') { length++; i++; } printf("nThe length of your text is: %d character(s)", length); }$

 There are various string handling functions define in
string.h some of them are:

void main()
{
char string[25];
clrscr();
printf("nInput string to be reversed:");
gets(string);
strrev(string);
printf("nThe reversed string is: %s", string);
getch();
}
13
Using Revers Function “Strrev()”

Arrays of Strings
 String is array of characters.
 Thus an array of string is 2-D array of characters.
 E.g.
char names[5][10];
 Here, names[5][10] means 5 names having 10 characters
each.
1
4

void main()
{
char names[5][10];
int i;
clrscr();
printf("nEnter name of 5 persons:");
for(i=0;i<5;i++)
scanf("%s", names[i]);
printf("nThe names are:");
for(i=0;i<5;i++)
printf("n%s", names[i]);
getch();
}
1
5

This document provides an introduction to strings in C programming. It discusses that strings are arrays of characters terminated by a null character. It explains how to declare and initialize strings, and provides examples of simple string programs. It also lists common string functions like strlen(), strcpy(), and strcat(), and provides examples of using each function. The document is intended as a presentation on strings for C programming.

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Strings in programming tutorial.

1. Today Our Topic is ‘’STRING”

2. Introduction  Strings are array of characters i.e. they are characters arranged one after another in memory. Thus, a character array is called string.  Each character within the string is stored within one element of the array successively.  A string is always terminated by a null character (i.e. slash zero 0).

3. Arrays and Strings…  Operations performed on character strings include:  Reading and writing strings  Copying one string to another  Combining strings together  Comparing strings for equality  Extracting a portion of a string

4.  A string variable is declared as an array of characters.  Syntax: char string_name[size];  E.g. char name[20];  When the compiler assigns a character string to a character array, it automatically supplies a null character (‘0’) at the end of the string

5. Initializing String Variables  Strings are initialized in either of the following two forms: char name[4]={‘R’,‘A’,‘M’, ‘0’}; char name[]={‘R’,‘A’,‘M’, ‘0’}; char name[4]=“RAM”; char name[]=“RAM”;  When we initialize a character array by listing its elements, the null terminator or the size of the array must be provided explicitly. R A M 0 name[0] name[1] name[2] name[3]

6. Reading and displaying Strings  It can be done manually.

7. Using printf() and scanf()

8. Using gets() and puts()

9. Passing String to function

10. String handling functions  Strings need to be manipulated by programmer.  It can be done manually but is time consuming.

11. Counting length of the string #include <stdio.h> void main() { char input_string[50]; int i=0, length=0; clrscr(); printf("nEnter your text:t"); gets(input_string); while(input_string[i]!='0') { length++; i++; } printf("nThe length of your text is: %d character(s)", length); }

12.  There are various string handling functions define in string.h some of them are:

13. void main() { char string[25]; clrscr(); printf("nInput string to be reversed:"); gets(string); strrev(string); printf("nThe reversed string is: %s", string); getch(); } 13 Using Revers Function “Strrev()”

14. Arrays of Strings  String is array of characters.  Thus an array of string is 2-D array of characters.  E.g. char names[5][10];  Here, names[5][10] means 5 names having 10 characters each. 1 4

15. void main() { char names[5][10]; int i; clrscr(); printf("nEnter name of 5 persons:"); for(i=0;i<5;i++) scanf("%s", names[i]); printf("nThe names are:"); for(i=0;i<5;i++) printf("n%s", names[i]); getch(); } 1 5

Strings in programming tutorial.

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