Jaipur
- 3. • The state of Jaipur was earlier known as Amber or Dhundhar and was ruled by Meena tribe(till the 10th century) who held a fortress at Naen. • Later a Kachhwaha(967- 1949) prince destroyed the sovereignty of Naen JAIPUR
- 4. HISTORY • Today’s modern Jaipur was founded in 1727 by Maharaja Sawai Jai Singh II, a Kachwaha Rajput, who ruled Jaipur State from 1699- 1744. • Initially his capital was Amber, which lies at a distance of 11 km from Jaipur. Maharaja Jai Singh 2
- 5. REASONS FOR MAHARAJA SAWAI JAI SINGH TO CHANGE HIS CAPITAL FROM AMBER TO JAIPUR (1727) MILITARY REASONS • Defence • A site at the South of Amber ensured greater distance from Delhi. • the out skirting hill ranges (Nahargarh hills) shaped as a horseshoe would allow the new city to expand only in the South. • It was an open plain bounded on the north-west and east by hills. GEOGRAPHICAL REASONS • The rocky terrain of Amber restricted expansion. • Jaipur had the potentialities of developing into a city with adequate drinking water due to the presence of a perennial stream nearby and good drainage system. • Its rugged hills also ensured a constant supply of building material. Source: http://www.archinomy.com/sites/default/files/case-studies/2011/site-selection.jpg Source: http://www.archinomy.com/sites/default/files/case-studies/2011/graphical-reason.jpg
- 6. • Jaipur is the first planned city of India and the King took great interest while designing this city of victory. • He consulted several books on architecture and architects before making the layout of Jaipur. • With a strategic plan, the construction of the city started in 1727. It took around 4 years to complete the major palaces, roads and square. The city was built following the principles of Vastu Shastra and Shilpa Shastra under the architectural guidance of Vidyadhar Bhattacharya.
- 7. • According to Shilpa Shastra, the site should be divided into grids or mandalas ranging from 2x 2 to 10 x 10. • Thus plan of Jaipur is a grid of 3x3 with gridlines being the city’s main streets • City was divided into 9 blocks- 2 for the state buildings and palaces and remaining 7 allotted to the public
- 8. Hawa Mahal, and the Principal Street of Jaipur, c. 1875
- 9. Jaipur, Principal Street, c. 1875
- 10. Jaipur, 1907.
- 11. Jaipur is known as the Pink City, a rather idealized description of the terra- cotta-colored lime plaster that coats the old part of the city's walls, buildings, and temples.
- 12. Reason behind Pink City • In 1876, the Prince of Wales and Queen Victoria visited India on a tour. Since pink denotes the color of hospitality, Maharaja Ram Singh of Jaipur painted the whole city pink in color to welcome the guests. It was then that Lord Albert exclaimed Jaipur to be a 'Pink City', and hence the name.
- 13. Climate Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year Record High (C) 31.7 36.7 42.8 44.9 48.5 47.2 46.7 41.7 41.7 40.0 36.1 31. 3 48.5 Record Low(C) -2.2 -2.2 3.3 9.4 15.6 19.1 20.6 18.9 15.0 11.1 3.3 0.0 -2.2 Average rainy days 0.6 1.0 0.4 0.7 1.4 3.9 11.2 10.0 3.8 1.3 0.4 0.4 35.2
- 14. • Basically Jaipur has a hot semi-arid climate. • Rainfall: over 650 mm annually. • Temperatures remain relatively high during summer from April to early July having average daily temperatures of around 30 °C • During the monsoon there are frequent, heavy rains and thunderstorms, but flooding is not common
- 15. Demographics Census Population 1881 142,600 1891 158,900 1901 160,000 1911 137,100 1921 120,200 1931 144,200 1941 175,800 1951 2,91,000 1961 403,400 1971 636,800 1981 1,004,700 1991 1,518,200 2001 2,322,575 2011 3,046,163 • 10th most populous city in India • Population as of 2011 census is 3,046,163
- 16. Religion-2011 • Hindu- 77.9% • Muslim- 18.6% • Jain- 2.3% • Other- 1.2% • Overall literacy rate is 76.44%, 87.27% males and 64.63% females were literate. • Sex ratio was 898 females per 1,000 males.
- 17. Architecture • Planned according to Indian Vastu Shastra by Vidyadhar Bhattacharya in 1727. • There are three gates facing east, west, and north. • Eastern gate is called Suraj pol (sun gate), the western gate is called Chand pol (moon gate) and the northern gate faces the ancestral capital of Amer.
- 18. Chandpole
- 19. Surajpole Gate
- 20. Administration and Politics • Jaipur Municipal Corporation is responsible for maintaining the city’s civic infrastructure and carrying out associated administrative duties. • There are 91 wards • JDA is the nodal govt agency responsible for the planning and development of Jaipur. • Two parliamentary constituencies- Jaipur and Jaipur Rural.
- 21. Economy • Economy of Jaipur is fuelled by tourism, gemstone cutting, the manufacture of jewellery and luxury textiles, and information technology. • What began with a handful of artisans working on unpolished precious stones has today turned into the largest industry of the Pink City, with exports of gems and jewellery to the tune of Rs 2,000 crore per year. • Over 1.5 lakh people are directly or indirectly associated with this industry.
- 22. • Ranked 31 among 50 Emerging Global Outsourcing cities in 2008. • Jaipur Stock Exchange was founded in 1989. • Major hub for arts and crafts. • Jaipur Rugs is one of India's largest manufacturers of hand knotted rugs, known globally as a leader in the hand-made rugs category
- 23. • Jaipur leg, a rubber-based prosthetic leg for people with below knee amputations, was designed and is produced in Jaipur. • It is fitted free of cost by Bhagwan Mahavir Viklang Sahyata Samiti, founded by Devendra Raj Mehta. It costs approximately $US 45 to make.
- 24. Jaipur remains one of the major tourist destinations in the region As a city in the Golden Triangle, and with its extraordinary culture a n d h i s t o r y, J a i p u r h o l d s a p r o m i n e n t position in Rajasthan, attracting more than one in three of the international tourists visiting the region. 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 13 11 1514 12 11 434543 Jaipur Rajasthan 27 33 36 27 27 31 % of international tourists in Rajasthan visiting Jaipur International Tourists Arrivals (Lakhs) Source: WTTC, Ministry of Tourism Rajasthan and Kanvic analysis 2 4 Contribution of Tourism to Jaipur Economy
- 25. Almost 60% international tourists come from Europe and spend over $200 in Jaipur during an average stay of 2.8 days Almost 60% of international tourists come from Europe. France and the United Kingdom are the major contributing countries. The average stay of international tourists is 28.7 days in India and 2.8 days in Jaipur. The average spend of an international tourist is US $2,118 in India and $207 in Jaipur. Heritage pink city is the main tourist attraction in Jaipur. 1 2 3 4 Source: Jaipur International Tourist Survey 2011 25
- 26. Tourists stay on average almost 3 days in Jaipur, and spend around $207 in the city Location Average stay (days) Average spend ($) India 28.7 2,118 Jaipur 2.8 207 With such a short average stay, stakeholders must make every effort to increase the visibility of their services if they are to tap into this market. Time and money spent in India by International tourists Source: Jaipur International Tourist Survey 2011 26
- 27. 7.67 is the average grade given to the overall visit to Jaipur The average grade international tourists gave to their experience visiting Jaipur is 7.67. 5% 15% 36% 96% of foreigners interviewed would recommend to visit Jaipur. 32% 10% 2% 5 6 7 8 9 1 0 Jaipur’s overall rating on a scale of 1 to 10, n = 107 Source: Jaipur International Tourist Survey 2011 27
- 28. Media • Major daily newspapers include Rajasthan Patrika, Dainik Bhaskar, Dainik Navjyoti and The Times of India. • Private FM stations include Radio Mirchi, FM Tadka, Red FM, Radio City, My FM, Gyan Vani.
- 29. Culture • There are many cultural sites like Jawahar Kala Kendra formed by Architect Charles Correa and Ravindra Manch. • Govt museum at Hawa Mahal and art gallery at Viratnagar. • There are statues depicting Rajasthani culture around the city. • Prior rulers of Jaipur invited skilled artisans, artists and craftsmen from India and abroad who settled in the city. • Some of the crafts include bandhani, block printing, stone carving and sculpture, tarkashi, blue pottery,
- 30. Bandhani is a type of tie-dye textile decorated by plucking the cloth with the fingernails into many tiny bindings that form a figurative design
- 31. Tarkashi A common sight in the curio and gift shops of Jaipur is boxes, tables and trays with brass or copper inlay work. This type of work is called tarkashi and it utilizes burnished metal wire or tar set in the wood to create delicate arithmetical patterns
- 32. Blue Pottery The 'dough' for the pottery is prepared by mixing quartz stone powder, powdered glass, Multani Mitti, borax, gum and water
- 33. • Famous dances of Jaipur include Ghoomar, Chari where the dancers got to dance on a pot with a lit diya on their head.
- 34. • Also famous for Jaipur Literature Festival, the world’s largest free literature festival in which country-wide authors, writers and literature lovers participate. • Jaipur has 4 major fairs and festivals namely Elephant Festival, Gangaur, Kite Festival Jaipur and Teej
- 35. • Kite Festival: A festival with a difference - as kites take to the sky all over Jaipur. In the evening, kites with lights in them and fireworks brighten the skies above. Anyone who likes kite flying wouldn’t want to miss this.
- 36. • Elephant festival: It is held on the day of Holi festival, usually in the month of March. The festival features Elephant polo and Elephant Dance. The most beautifully decorated elephant is awarded.
- 37. • Gangaur Fair : A festival devoted to Goddess Parvati. It is time for young girls to dress up in their finery and pray for grooms of their choice while the married women pray for the well-being of their husbands.
- 38. • Teej Festival: A festival to mark the advent of monsoon. Essentially a women's festival, it is interesting to watch them enjoying in groups and at various bazaars where they turn up to shop in all their finery.
- 39. Places of interest • Jaipur is a part of the Golden Triangle. • Ranked 7th best place to visit in Asia by the Conde Nast Traveller Readers Choice Survey in 2008. • According to TripAdvisor’s 2015 Traveller’s Choice Awards for Destination, Jaipur ranked 1st among the Indian destination for the year.
- 40. • Presidential Suite at the Raj Palace Hotel, billed at US$45,000 per night, was listed in second place on CNN’S World’s 15 most expensive hotel suites in 2012. • Visitor attractions include like Hawa Mahal, Jal Mahal, City Palace, Amer Fort, Jantar Mantar, Nahargarh Fort, Jaigarh Fort, Galtaji, Govind Dev Ji Temple, Garh Ganesh Temple, Birla Mandir and the Jaipur Zoo.
- 41. Presidential Suite at Raj Palace
- 42. • HAWA MAHAL - Built in 1799, the 5 storied stunning semi-octagonal monument having 953 windows with over hanging latticed balconies is a fine piece of Rajput architecture. Originally designed for the royal ladies to watch and enjoy the processions and other activities, on the street below. Now it houses a well laid out museum. The display “Jaipur past and present” is the special feature of this newly setup museum. Local Sightseeing: Jaipur has got a lot of tourist places. Some of them are given below.
- 43. • JANTAR MANTAR - built in 18th century by Maharaja Sawai Jai Singh II, the huge masonry instruments were used to study the movement of constellations and stars in the sky. Enormous sun- dial still provide accurate time, which are subject to daily corrections.
- 44. • ISHWAR LAT : ‘Swarg Suli’ or ‘heaven piercing minaret’, the tower, near Tripolia gate, built by Maharaja Ishwari Singh (1744-51). It offers one of the most breathtaking view of the city. View from Ishwar Lat
- 45. • CENTRAL MUSEUM : Situated in the Ram Niwas Garden. This graceful building was founded in 1876 by Prince Albert (also known as Albert Hall). It has a rare collection of archaeological and handicraft pieces. • BIRLA PLANETARIUM - It offers unique audio-visual education about stars and entertainment with its modern computerised projection system.
- 46. Amber fort • Located high on a hill, it is the principal tourist attraction in the Jaipur area • It was built by Raja Ram Singh 1 in 1592 and is made up of red sandstone and marbles. • Amer Fort, along with five other forts of Rajasthan, are included in UNESCO World Heritage Site as part of the group Hill Forts of Rajasthan.
- 47. Picture of Amer fort from the highway including the lake
- 48. Jaigarh Fort • The fort was built by Jai Singh II in 1726 to protect the Amber Fort and its palace complex and was named after him • The Jaigarh Fort, located on one of the peaks of the Aravalli range of hills is built about 400 m above the Amber Fort. • It provides an excellent of view of Aravalli hills and the Amber Fort down below.
- 49. Jaigarh Fort as seen from Amer Fort
- 50. Nahargarh Fort • Nahargarh Fort stands on the edge of the Aravalli Hills, overlooking the pink city of Jaipur in the Indian state of Rajasthan. The view of the city from the fort is impressive. • It was built in 1732 by Maharaja Sawai Jai Singh 2.
- 51. Jaipur City from Nahargarh Fort
- 52. Cuisine • Dal Baati Churma, Missi Roti, Gatte ki Sabzi, Ker Sangri, and Bajre ki Roti. • Sweet dishes include Ghewar, Feeni, Mawa Kachori, Gajak, Chauguni ke laddu, and Moong Thal.
- 54. Ghewar
- 55. Languages • Main language of Jaipur is Rajasthani. • Dhundhari, Marwari, Hindi and English are also spoken in the city.
- 56. Sports • Sawai Mansingh Stadium has a seating capacity of 23,185. • Sawai Mansingh Indoor Stadium, Chaugan Stadium and Railway Cricket Ground are the other sporting arenas in the city.
- 57. Education Major institutions include • National Institute of Agricultural Management • University of Rajasthan • Indian Institute of Health Management Research • Malviya National Institute of Technology Jaipur • Jaipur National University • Manipal University • IIS University.
- 58. Transport Road • Jaipur is located on NH 8 connecting Delhi and Mumbai. • NH 12 links Jaipur with Kota and NH 11 links Bikaner with Agra passing through Jaipur. • Jaipur BRTS was approved by the government in August 2006.
- 59. Rail • Jaipur is the headquarters of North Western Zone of Indian Railways. • Jaipur Metro commenced commercial operation on 3 June 2015. • Phase-1A is operational between Mansarovar and Chandpole. • Phase-1B is under construction • The estimated cost of the project is 550 crore and is expected to be completed by 2018.
- 60. Air • Jaipur International Airport is in Sanganer, 10 km from the centre. • During winter, flights towards IGI are diverted to JAIPUR Airport due to heavy fog in Delhi. • International destinations served include Abu Dhabi, Dubai, Muscat and Sharjah.