Pesticides use in Indian Agriculture : Consumption and Trade

Insert the Sub Tittle of Yur Presentation
WELCOME

Dr Panjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidyapeeth Akola
Department of Agricultural Economics And Statistics
Post Graduate Institute, Dr. PDKV , Akola.
AG.ECON-591
MASTER SEMINAR
ON
Pesticides Use in Indian Agriculture : Consumption and Trade
Research Guide
Dr. S. N. Suryawanshi
(Assistant Professor, Agril. Econ. &
Stat. Section.)
Seminar Incharge
Dr. V. K. Khobarkar
(Assistant Professor, Dept.
Agril. Econ. & Stat.)
Presented By
Athawale Snehal Shivlal
M.Sc. (Second Year)
Reg. no. : PG19 ECO-2129
Department of Agricultural
Economics And Statistics

Objectives
• To estimate state-wise growth rate of
pesticides Consumption.
Objective 1
• To examine the variability in Pesticide
consumption and Trade.
Objective 2

Introduction
01
Methodology
02
Result and Discussion
03
Conclusions
04
Content
05 References

Introduction
A pesticide is a substance or mixture of substances
intended for preventing, destroying, repelling or
mitigating any pest. Though, often misunderstood to refer
only to insecticides, the term pesticide also applies to
herbicides, fungicides, and various other substances used to
control pests. Pesticides also include plant regulators,
defoliants and desiccants.
Pesticides played an essential role in ushering in the
Green Revolution. Pesticides supported India’s high yielding
varieties and hybrids by shielding them from pest and
diseases, so they were able to realize their yield potential.
Pesticides are an integral part of the Integrated Pest
Management (IPM)
The pesticide Industry supports our Agricultural economy
and crop production since its inception. Pesticide application in
agricultural has obvious short-term economic benefits. They
may reduce the costs of production or reduce crop loss due to
pest or disease infestation. However, pesticides also cause
costs to society in terms of health and environmental costs.

Impact of Pesticides
Good
Efficacy
Bad
Efficacy
Harmful to Health
Contamination of
Soil, water and air
Threats to
Biodiversity
Economic
Drainage
Prevent pest
outbreak
Quality foods at
affordable prices
Instant Benefits
Potential Yield

India is the fourth largest producer
of pesticides in the world.
India is among the leading
producers of pesticides in Asia.
Use of Pesticides in India
The total as well as per hectare
consumption of pesticides in India
shows a significant increase after
2009-10. West zone is using
maximum pesticides.
The Indian pesticide market was
worth INR 42,000 crore in FY20.
Pesticide market is further
projected to reach a value of INR
316 billion by 2024.
.
Insecticides dominate the Indian
crop protection market and form
almost 53% of the domestic
agrochemicals market.
Chart: Domestic Market segmentation
by type of pesticides
Source: FCCI

Trade Data
547925
702761
846678
926684 889494
1289521
1437602
1647858
2209018
2371993
2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19 2019-2020
Chart: Exports and Imports of Pesticides
Import Value (in Lakhs) Export Value (in Lakhs)
India is a net exporter of agrochemicals and
is 13th largest exporter of pesticides and
disinfectants in the world.
Agrochemical exports have increased on
account of India’s capability in low cost
manufacturing, availability of technically trained
manpower, seasonal domestic demand,
overcapacity, better price realization globally and
strong presence in generic pesticide
manufacturing.
Due to the reasons mentioned above, India
offers good scope for contract manufacturing as
well and is also emerging as a destination for
undertaking contract research. New technical
applications have also increased the export
capacity of Indian agrochemical manufacturers.
Source : Ministry of Agriculture and Farmer's Welfare, GOI Directorate of
Plant Protection, Quarantine and Storage.

Methodology
01
Selection of area
Agriculture in India is largely dependent on pesticide. Total pesticide
consumption is the highest in Maharashtra, Uttar Pradesh, Punjab and
Haryana. According to the pesticide consumption 25 States and UTs were
selected for analysis.
02
Period of study
The data were collected on area, pesticide consumption and trade in India
pertaining to the period from 2015-16 to 2019-20 (5 years) for the analysis of
growth and variance.
03
Source of data
The state-wise time series data on area, pesticide consumption and trade were
collected from the source Ministry of Agriculture and Farmer's Welfare,
Government of India. Directorate of Plant Protection, Quarantine and Storage.

04
Analytical tools
The present study was based on time series secondary data of pesticides
consumption and trade in states of India. The analysis was done on the
following aspects.
Growth rate analysis :
The per cent compound growth rates ‘r’ will be computed by using the
following formula
CGR (r) = [Antilog (log b) - 1] × 100
Where,
r = Compound growth rate.
The significance of the regression coefficient was tested using the student’ t-
test.
Coefficient of variation (CV) :
Coefficient of variation (CV) = Standard deviation x 100
Mean

Results and Discussion
This chapter is devoted to express the results obtained from the present study.
The discussion regarding growth rate and variation of pesticide consumption
and trade are briefly discussed in this chapter.

State-wise consumption of pesticides (Total consumption in tonnes) Table-1
S. No. States/UTs 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19 2019-20
1 Andhra Pradesh 4050 2713 2015 1738 1689 1579
2 Bihar 787 831 790 840 850 995
3 Chhattisgarh 1589 1625 1660 1685 1770 1488
4 Goa 12 48 22 24 25 30
5 Gujarat 1730 1980 1713 1692 1608 1784
6 Haryana 4070 4100 4050 4025 4015 4200
7 Himachal Pradesh 379 450 341 467 322 559
8 Jharkhand 650 493 541 619 646 681
9 Karnataka 1793 1434 1288 1502 1524 1608
10 Kerala 910 1123 895 1067 995 459
11 Madhya Pradesh 696 732 694 502 540 563
12 Maharashtra 8663 11665 13496 15568 11746 12783
13 Orissa* 1278 994 1050 1633 1609 885
14 Punjab 5689 5743 5843 5835 5543 4930
15 Rajasthan 2694 2475 2269 2307 2290 2095
16 Tamil Nadu 2096 2096 2092 1929 1901 1895
17 Telangana 2806 993 3436 4866 4894 4915
18 Uttar Pradesh 9736 10457 10614 10824 11049 12345
19 Uttarakhand 172 217 198 210 195 119
20 West Bengal 3060 3712 2624 2982 3190 3630
Sub Total 52859 53881 55631 60316 56402 57543
Source :Ministry of Agriculture and Farmer's Welfare, GOI Directorate of Plant Protection, Quarantine and Storage.

Sr. no. States/Uts
Pesticides
Consumption
for yr. 2019-20
(in MT)
Per ha consumption
(kg/ha of gross
cropped area)
CGR (2015-16
to 2019-20)
CV (2015-
16 to
2019-20)
Percent change
(2015-16 to 2019-
20)
1 Andhra Pradesh 1579 0.209610993 -11.831** 23.49 -41.80%
2 Arunachal Pradesh 4 0.012292359
3 Assam 405 0.099800493 14.89 29.76 119%
4 Bihar 995 0.131405177 4.42 9.07 20%
5 Chhattisgarh 1488 0.263829787 -1.11 -6.26 -8%
6 Goa 30 0.192484076 7.90 35.20 -37%
7 Gujarat 1784 0.15483423 -2.68 7.99 -10%
8 Haryana 4200 0.64516129 0.39 1.85 2%
9 Himachal Pradesh 559 0.598928189 3.85 22.73 24%
10 Jammu & Kashmir 2198 1.896198447 0.68 5.62 -2%
11 Jharkhand 681 0.375827815 8.59** 12.97 38%
12 Karnataka 1608 0.133899575 4.05 8.14 12%
13 Kerala 459 0.174589422 -15.5 29.20 -59%
14 Madhya Pradesh 563 0.02374125 -7.46 16.62 -23%
State-wise Consumption, CGR, CV and Percent Change of chemical pesticides in India: Table 2

Sr. no. States/Uts
Pesticides
Consumption
for yr. 2019-20
(in MT)
Per ha consumption
(kg/ha of gross
cropped area)
CGR (2015-16 to
2019-20)
CV (2015-16
to 2019-20)
Percent change
(2015-16 to
2019-20)
15 Maharashtra 12783 0.544722376 0.44 12.25 10%
16 Mizoram 27 0.143138298
17 Nagaland 19 0.037678571 -0.53 3.55 -5%
18 Odisha 885 0.184259838 1.96 29.01 -11%
19 Punjab 4930 0.626270325 -3.51* 6.85 -14%
20 Rajasthan 2095 0.083753098 -3.18* 5.90 -15%
21 Tamil Nadu 1895 0.311985512 -2.93** 5.17 -10%
22 Telangana 4915 1.004496219 42.65* 44.54 395%
23 Tripura 364 0.748434156 6.11** 9.50 24%
24 Uttar Pradesh 12345 0.47112926 3.79* 6.81 18%
25 Uttarakhand 119 0.110213296 -11.37* 20.94 -45%
26 West Bengal 3630 0.367373748 1.52 14.05 -2%
27 Puducherry 40 1.525769231 -1.66* 3.74 -8%
Note: ** Significant at 1 % level, *Significant at 5% level.

0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
14000
Unit:
Quantity
in
MT
Tech.
Grade
Title Pesticides Consumption for yr. 2019-20

0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
1.4
1.6
1.8
2
Per ha consumption (kg/ha of gross cropped area)

State-wise consumption of pesticide in India (2019-20)
Highest : Maharashtra (12783 MT) > U.P.(12345 MT)> Punjab(4930 MT)
Lowest : Arunachal Pradesh (4 MT) > Nagaland (19 MT)
Per Hectare consumption (intensity of use) is highest in Jammu
and Kashmir (1.89 kg/ha) followed by Puducherry (1.52 kg/ha)
and Telangana (1 kg/ha).

The data presented in the Table 2 revealed that, in
period of five years thirteen states show positive
growth rate. Telangana showed the highest
positive growth rate (42.65 per cent) followed by
Assam (1.89 per cent), Jharkhand (8.59 per cent)
Compound growth rates for two states that are
Jharkhand (8.59 per cent) and Tripura (6.11 per
cent) are positively significant at 1 per cent level
of significance.
Compound growth rates for Telangana (42.65 per
cent) and Uttar Pradesh (3.79 per cent) are
positively significant at 5 per cent level of
significance.
Compound growth rates for Andra Pradesh (-11.83
per cent) and Tamilnadu (-2.93 per cent) are
negatively significant at 1 Per cent level of
significance.

Compound growth rates for Punjab (-3.52 Per
cent), Rajasthan (-3.12 per cent), Uttarakhand (-
11.37 Per cent), Pudducherry (-1.87 Per cent) are
negatively significant at 5 Per cent level of
significance.
The states like Kerla (-15.50 per cent), Madhya
Pradesh (-7.46 per cent), Maharashtra (0.44 Per
cent), Orrisa (1.97 Per cent), Bihar (4.43 per
cent) showed non-significant compound growth
rates during period of five years.

The coefficient of variation was
lowest in Chhatisgarh (-6.26 per
cent) and Haryana (1.85
percent).
The highest coefficient of variation
was observed in Telangana (44.54
per cent) and Goa (35.20 Per cent.

2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19 2019-20
CV (in
percent )
CGR (in
Percent)
Percent
Change
Import Value
(in Lakhs) 547925 702761 846678 926684 889494 19.97 13.26** 62%
Export Value
(in Lakhs) 1289521 1437602 1647858 2209018 2371993 26.62 17.92** 84%
Statistics of Import and Export of Pesticides During 2015-16 To 2019-20 : Table 3
The data presented in the Table 3 showed that, in period of five years total imports and exports show positive
growth rate i.e. 13.26 per cent and 17.92 per cent respectively at 1 per cent level of significance..
The variation found in the trading data of period from 2015-16 to 2019-20 was 19.97 per cent for total imports
and 26.62 per cent for exports.

Chart : Region-wise share of agrochemical exports
Source : CARE Ratings

India imports agrochemicals mainly from China (55%), USA (11%), Germany (6%) and Israel
(5%). China also sources India most of the raw materials needed to manufacture
agrochemicals.
India mainly has exported agrochemicals to Brazil (15%), US (10%), Vietnam (6%),
Bangladesh (6%), Iran (3%), France (3%) and Indonesia (3%). The trade tensions between
the U.S. and China, depressed demand for crop protection products in the U.S. but bolstered
its demand in Brazil.
Further exports during the month of March fell by 27.1%. International shipments had come to
a halt due to absence of transportation facilities in the last week of March 2020 with respect to
the announcement of a nationwide lockdown pan India to contain the outbreak of COVID-19.
Trends in International markets which have affected the Agrochemicals exports as a whole
during FY20.

Conclusions
Pesticides have a direct impact on agricultural economy and food security.
India is the fourth largest producer of pesticides in the world.
There is a wide regional variation in the use of pesticides across the states in India. State-wise
consumption of pesticide in India (2019-20) was highest in Maharashtra (12783 MT) followed by
U.P.(12345 MT) and Punjab(4930 MT). Lowest in Arunachal Pradesh (4 MT) and Nagaland (19 MT).
Per Hectare consumption (intensity of use) is highest in Jammu and Kashmir (1.89 kg/ha) followed
by Puducherry (1.52 kg/ha) and Telangana (1 kg/ha).
 For the period of five years thirteen states show positive growth rate. Telangana showed the
highest positive growth rate (42.65 per cent) followed by Assam (1.89 per cent), Jharkhand (8.59 per
cent).
Compound growth rates for two states that are Jharkhand (8.59 per cent) and Tripura (6.11 per
cent) are positively significant at 1 per cent level of significance.
Compound growth rates for Telangana (42.65 per cent) and Uttar Pradesh (3.79 per cent) are
positively significant at 5 per cent level of significance.
Compound growth rates for Andra Pradesh (-11.83 per cent) and Tamilnadu (-2.93 per cent) are
negatively significant at 1 Per cent level of significance.
Compound growth rates for Punjab (-3.52 Per cent), Rajasthan (-3.12 per cent), Uttarakhand (-11.37
Per cent), Pudducherry (-1.87 Per cent) are negatively significant at 5 Per cent level of significance.

The highest coefficient of variation was observed in Telangana (44.54 per cent) and Goa (35.20
Per cent.
The coefficient of variation was lowest in Chhatisgarh (-6.26 per cent) and Haryana (1.85 percent).
For the period of five years from 2015-16 to 2019-20 total imports and exports show positive
growth rate i.e. 13.26 per cent and 17.92 per cent respectively at 1 per cent level of significance.
The variation found in the trading data was 19.97 per cent for total imports and 26.62 per cent for
total exports of pesticides.
The Indian pesticide market was worth INR 42,000 crore in FY20.
India imports agrochemicals mainly from China (55%), USA (11%), Germany (6%) and Israel (5%).
China also sources India most of the raw materials needed to manufacture agrochemicals.
India mainly has exported agrochemicals to Brazil (15%), US (10%), Vietnam (6%), Bangladesh
(6%), Iran (3%), France (3%) and Indonesia (3%). The trade tensions between the U.S. and China,
depressed demand for crop protection products in the U.S. but bolstered its demand in Brazil.
The recent increase in pesticide use is because of higher use of herbicides as cost of manual
weed control has risen due to increase in agricultural wages (FICCI).
It is important to regulate and encourage the use of cost-effective and environmentally safe
pesticides.
The proportionate use of these crop pest management practices results into control of insect pest
ultimately resulting into minimization of cost of cultivation and maximization of income leads to profit
to the farmers.

References
Anonymous (2020) MoPFI annual report.
Bhardwaj, Tulsi and Sharma, J.P. (2013) Impact of pesticides
application in agricultural industry:An Indian scenario, International
Journal of Agricultural and Food Science Technology, 14(8):817-
822.
Devi, P., Judy Thomas and Rajesh K. Raju. 2017. Pesticide
Consumption in India: A Spatiotemporal Analysis, Agricultural
Economics Research Review Vol. 30 (No.1) January-June 2017
pp 163-172.
Kaur H. and S. Kaur. 2017. An Economic analysis of pesticide
use in India: A case study of Bhatinda District, International
Journal of Ecological Economics and Statistics, 38(4).
Subash SP, Prem Chand, Pavithra S, Balaji SJ and Suresh Pal.
(2017) Pesticide use in Indian agriculture: trends, market structure
and policy issues, National Centre for Agricultural Economics and
Policy Research, report number 43.
Ministry of Agriculture and Farmer's Welfare, GOI Directorate of
Plant Protection, Quarantine and Storage.
www.data.gov.in

Thank You
You can find me at: snehalathawale98@gmail.com

Pesticides use in Indian Agriculture : Consumption and Trade

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