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Stephen Liedig: Building Serverless Backends with AWS Lambda and API Gateway
- 1. © 2016, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its Affiliates. All rights reserved. Stephen Liedig Solutions Architect, Public Sector ANZ [email protected] May 5, 2017 Building Serverless Backends Using AWS Lambda and Amazon API Gateway
- 2. Agenda • Evolution of computing • Serverless today • Introduction to AWS Lambda • Introduction to Amazon API Gateway • Best practices • Performance Tips
- 3. Let’s take a look at the evolution of computing Physical Servers in Datacenters Virtual Servers in Datacenters Virtual Servers in the Cloud
- 4. Each progressive step was better Physical Servers Datacenters Virtual Servers Datacenters • Higher utilization • Faster provisioning speed • Improved uptime • Disaster recovery • Hardware independence • Trade CAPEX for OPEX • More scale • Elastic resources • Faster speed and agility • Reduced maintenance • Better availability and fault tolerance • Better Automation Virtual Servers in the Cloud
- 5. But there are still limitations Physical Servers Datacenters Virtual Servers Datacenters • Trade CAPEX for OPEX • More scale • Elastic resources • Faster speed and agility • Reduced maintenance • Better availability and fault tolerance • Still need to administer virtual servers • Still need to manage capacity and utilization • Still need to size workloads • Still need to manage availability, fault tolerance • Still expensive to run intermittent jobs Virtual Servers in the Cloud
- 6. What is serverless? Build and run applications without thinking about servers
- 7. “There is no server better than no server” – Werner Vogels, CTO Amazon
- 9. Web Applications • Static websites • Complex web apps • Packages for Flask and Express Data Processing • Real time • MapReduce • Batch Chatbots • Powering chatbot logic Backends • Apps & services • Mobile • IoT </></> Amazon Alexa • Powering voice-enabled apps • Alexa Skills Kit Autonomous IT • Policy engines • Extending AWS services • Infrastructure management Common use cases
- 10. Web Applications and Backends Internet Mobile Apps Websites Services AWS Lambda function AWS API Gateway Cache All publicly accessible endpoints Amazon CloudWatch Monitoring Amazon CloudFront Amazon S3 AWS Lambda function AWS Lambda function Amazon DynamoDB Web Applications • Static websites • Complex web apps • Packages for Flask and Express Backends • Apps & services • Mobile • IoT </></> Common use cases
- 11. Data Processing • Real time • MapReduce • Batch Data processing: Lambda + Kinesis Common use cases
- 12. Data Processing • Real time • MapReduce • Batch Data processing: Lambda + Dynamo DB Common use cases
- 13. Web Applications • Static websites • Complex web apps • Packages for Flask and Express Data Processing • Real time • MapReduce • Batch Chatbots • Powering chatbot logic Backends • Apps & services • Mobile • IoT </></> Amazon Alexa • Powering voice-enabled apps • Alexa Skills Kit Autonomous IT • Policy engines • Extending AWS services • Infrastructure management Common use cases
- 14. AWS Lambda Zero-administration serverless compute platform
- 15. AWS Lambda Zero administration • Focus on business logic, not infrastructure. • Just upload your code, and AWS Lambda handles the rest. Autoscaling • AWS Lambda scales the infrastructure as needed to match the event rate and pay as you go at 100ms intervals. Bring your own code • Code in Node.JS, Java, Python or C#. • Create threads and processes, run batch scripts or other .exe files. Sync and Async events • Respond to application calls with low-latency real-time functions.
- 16. Cost-effective and efficient No Infrastructure to manage Pay only for what you use Bring Your Own Code Productivity focused compute platform to build powerful, dynamic, modular applications in the cloud Run code in standard languages Focus on business logic Benefits of AWS Lambda 1 2 3
- 17. Applications Components for Serverless apps EVENT SOURCE FUNCTION SERVICES (ANYTHING) Changes in data state Requests to endpoints Changes in resource state Node 4 / 6 Python 2 / 3 Java C# … more coming soon
- 18. Amazon S3 Amazon DynamoDB Amazon Kinesis AWS CloudFormation AWS CloudTrail Amazon CloudWatch Amazon SNSAmazon SES Amazon API Gateway Amazon Cognito AWS IoT Amazon Alexa Cron events DATA STORES ENDPOINTS REPOSITORIES EVENT/MESSAGE SERVICES Event Sources that integrate with AWS Lambda … and the list will continue to grow! Amazon RDS Aurora
- 19. Amazon API Gateway Create, publish, maintain, monitor, and secure APIs at any scale
- 20. Amazon API Gateway Performance at any scale • Uses AWS worldwide edge locations for low-latency API request/response, distributed denial of service (DDoS) protection and integrated caching. Run your APIs without servers • Easily expose RESTful endpoints backed by Lambda for server-less APIs for your enterprise, mobile and web applications. Monitoring • Visually monitor calls to your services using Amazon CloudWatch for performance metrics. Automation and definition • Define your APIs using Swagger, CloudFormation or use CLI/SDKs
- 21. Amazon API Gateway Versioning and deployment • Host multiple versions and stages of your APIs. Made for developers • Create and distribute API keys to developers. • Generate SDKs for iOS/Android and Javascript Secure endpoint • Leverage signature version 4 to authorize access to APIs. Throttling and monitoring • Throttle and monitor requests to protect your back end.
- 22. Benefits of Amazon API Gateway Create a unified API frontend for multiple micro- services Authenticate and authorize requests to a backend DDoS protection and throttling for your backend Throttle, meter, and monetize API usage by 3rd party developers
- 23. The server-less stack InternetMobile apps AWS Lambda functions AWS API Gateway Other AWS services
- 24. Managed The server-less stack – zoom in InternetMobile apps AWS Lambda functions AWS API Gateway cache Endpoints on Amazon EC2 Any other publicly accessible endpoint Amazon CloudWatch Amazon CloudFront API Gateway API Gateway Other AWS services AWS Lambda functions
- 25. Best practices
- 26. Attaching Lambda functions to RESTful HTTP Endpoints • 1:1 Mapping: Every API call triggers a stateless Lambda function • Add caching to API calls to return a cached response instead for duplicate requests • API Gateway concepts: An API is defined as a set of resources and methods • Resource: A logical entity that can be accessed within an API • Method: The combination of a resource path and an HTTP verb such as GET/POST • Automatic Scaling: Both API Gateway and Lambda scale automatically with calls • Safety throttle of 100 1000 concurrent Lambda functions, can be increased by AWS Support Center • User defined standard-rate limit and a burst-rate limit per second for each API method
- 27. Best practices for creating Lambda functions • Memory: CPU proportional to the memory configured • Increasing memory makes your code execute faster (if CPU bound) • Timeout: Increasing timeout allows for longer functions, but more wait in case of errors • Retries: For API Gateway, Lambda doesn’t retry the function execution, but the Gateway generated SDKs retry throttled requests • Permission model: API Gateway synchronously triggers Lambda, so assign API Gateway a resource policy to invoke Lambda.
- 28. Performance Tips
- 30. Start-up time Cold starts are real, but happen mostly in a dev environment Cold start latency varies by the size of your function, the number of dependencies, the runtime of your application (interpreted languages perform better) Cold starts happen when: • Developers use the console • Edit the function • Click test VPC Integration will add overhead.
- 31. Memory and CPU Think of memory as the “power” of the function. You increase memory and AWS will proportionally increase # of vCPUs and networking bandwidth allocated to the function. Is your code CPU or memory-bound? It could be cheaper to give more memory. > Memory > Cores 1,526MB = XX Cores
- 32. Code Optimisation AWS Lambda processes a single event per-container - only one event will ever arrive at a time • Parallelize as many event-processing tasks as possible once the event is received (1024 threads) Lazy load variables in the global scope If you don’t need a response, invoke function asynchronously on the client side.
- 33. Downstream Dependencies Ensure you monitor your downstream dependencies for bottlenecks and performance issues. Watch for shared resources across functions. Specify a realistic timeout value for your function. Ensure they are idempotent Remember, functions are stateless!
- 34. Next Steps • Check out AWS LABS https://github.com/awslabs/ • Try out the “Serverless Web-App Reference Architecture” at https://github.com/awslabs/lambda-refarch-webapp/ • Check out some serverless frameworks: 1. https://github.com/awslabs/chalice (Python) 2. https://github.com/awslabs/aws-serverless-express (Express) 3. https://serverless.com/ (Serverless framework) 4. https://www.claudiajs.com (JS)
- 35. Thank you!