Rococo, neoclassicism
- 1. Art of the Enlightenment and Neoclassical Art 1730: Rococo 1800: Neoclassical 1830: Romanticism 1837: First photograph “Enlightenment and Revolution: Head vs. Heart”
- 2. From rocaille meaning “pebble” or “shell” “Trust the body” + More is MORE! • Shift of power from monarchy (Louis XIV and Baroque) to the aristocracy (Rococo) Rococ • Royal Academy set the taste for art in Paris • Strong Satirical paintings oSometimes referred to • Epitomized by paintings that show aristocratic people enjoying leisures as Late Baroque Architecture: Simple exteriors, ornate interiors Painting: - Naturalistic: small stones, shells, plant forms - Small in size - Feminine – delicate, undulating - Fete galante – themes of love - Silver & gold, light - Frivolity, playful, sensual - Small relief sculptures – cupids, clouds - Pastels, delicate curves - Dainty figures
- 4. François de Cuvilliès the Amalienburg Nymphenburg Palace Park, Munich, Germany early 18th C.
- 5. François de Cuvilliès Hall of Mirrors, the Amalienburg Nymphenburg Palace Park, Munich, Germany early 18th C.
- 6. Sculpture + Painting + Architecture in harmony François de Cuvilliès Hall of Mirrors, the Amalienburg Nymphenburg Palace Park, Munich, Germany early 18th C.
- 7. Antoine Watteau Return from Cythera Fête galante 1717-1719 The French Academy – oil on canvas Rubenistes vs Poussinistes 4 ft. 3 in. x 6 ft. 4 in.
- 8. Jean-Honoré Fragonard The Swing 1766 oil on canvas 2 ft. 11 in. x 2 ft. 8 in.
- 10. Yinka Shonibare
- 11. PHILOSOPHY – two types of thinkers “To exist is to feel; our feeling is A taste for the ‘natural’ undoubtedly earlier than our intelligence, and we have had feelings before we had ideas. All our natural inclinations are right. Man by nature is good…he is depraved and perverted by society. Our minds have been corrupted in proportion as the arts and science have improved” - Rousseau Voltaire (1694-1778) “What is faith? Is it to believe that which is evident? No. It is perfectly evident to my mind that there exists a necessary, eternal, supreme, and intelligent being. This is no matter of faith, but of reason” - Voltaire
- 12. Élisabeth Louise Vigée-Lebrun Self-Portrait 1790 oil on canvas 8 ft. 4 in. x 6 ft. 9 in.
- 14. William Hogarth Satire! Breakfast Scene from Marriage à la Mode What would the contemporary equivalent of this painting be? ca. 1745 oil on canvas 2 ft. 4 in. x 3 ft.
- 16. Thomas Gainsborough, Mrs. Richard Sir Joshua Reynolds, Lord Heathfield, Brinsley Sheridan, 1787, oil on canvas, 7 ft. 2 5/8 1787, oil on canvas, 4 ft. 8 in. x 3 ft. 9 in. in. x 5 ft. 5/8 in.
- 17. Benjamin West The Death of General Wolfe 1771 oil on canvas approximately 5 x 7 ft.
- 18. John Singleton Copley Portrait of Paul Revere ca. 1768-1770 oil on canvas 2 ft. 11 1/8 in. x 2 ft. 4 in.
- 19. The ENLIGHTENMENT Science and Technology - Empirical reasoning and the scientific method - Sir Isaac Newton & John Locke tangible data & concrete experiences, individuality and empowerment - Diderot – the Encyclopédie
- 20. Joseph Wright of Derby A Philosopher Giving a Lecture at the Orrery ca. 1763-1765 oil on canvas 4 ft. 10 in. x 6 ft. 8 in.
- 22. - 379 tons of iron - Pieces cast separately - “made to fit” so each part is a little different - Opened New Years day 1781 The Industrial Revolution - The Steam Engine Abraham Darby III and Thomas E. Pritchard - Power of steam, coal, iron, oil, steel and electricity Iron Bridge at Coalbrookdale - Building construction and Coalbrookdale, England photography! 1776-1779
- 23. NEOCLASSICISM (1750-1815) • Enlightenment brought about the rejection of royal and aristocratic authority • Supported by Napoleon in order to associated himself with the successes of the Ancient Roman's Empire. • Jacques-Louis David becomes First Painter • Neoclassical art was more democratic • Current events depicted have classical influences INSPIRED by the excavation of Pompeii & Heculaneum - Grand Tour of Italy – A MUST!
- 25. Angelica Kauffmann Cornelia Presenting Her Children as Her Treasures or Mother of the Gracchi ca. 1785 oil on canvas Exemplum virtutis 3 ft. 4 in. x 4 ft. 2 in.
- 26. Jacques-Louis David The French Revolution – 1789 Oath of the Horatii David became Neoclassical painter-ideologist Patriotism & sacrifice! 1784 oil on canvas approximately 11 x 14 ft.
- 28. Jacques-Louis David The Death of Marat 1793 oil on canvas approximately 5 ft. 3 in. x 4 ft. 1 in.
- 29. Marat = extremely powerful during the Revolution, journalist, David’s portrait is more propaganda than portrait Corday’s letter of introduction. “My great unhappiness is sufficient reason to entitle me to your kindness.” (She actually claimed to have information about royalist rebels) Bloody murder weapon – Made to look like Corday fled the scene though she was arrested
- 30. NEOCLASSICAL ARCHITECTURE - Innovations: Cast iron Characteristics: revision of classical principals on a modern framework - Inspired by: Palladio & Inigo Jones - Symmetry, balance, composition and order - Some buildings has special rooms such as the Green Room or Etruscan Room
- 32. Jacques-Germain Soufflot The Panthéon (Sainte-Geneviève) Paris, France 1755-1792
- 33. Pierre Vignon La Madeleine Paris, France 1807-1842
- 34. Pierre Vignon La Madeleine Paris, France 1807-1842
- 36. Richard Boyle and William Kent Chiswick House near London, England begun 1725
- 37. Richard Boyle and William Kent Chiswick House near London, England begun 1725
- 38. Thomas Jefferson neoclassicism Thomas Jefferson Palladio + local materials Monticello Charlottesville, Virginia 1770-1806
- 39. Jean-Antoine Houdon George Washington 1788-92 marble 6 ft. 2 in. high
- 40. Horatio Greenough George Washington 1832-1841 marble approximately 11 ft. 4 in. high
- 41. Jean-Antoine Houdon Voltaire 1778 marble 18 7/8 in. high