Linear equation in two variable

Jun 26, 2012Download as ppt, pdf

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The document discusses methods for solving systems of linear equations in two variables: 1) Graphical method involves plotting the lines defined by each equation on a graph and finding their point of intersection. 2) Algebraic methods include substitution, elimination by equating coefficients, and cross-multiplication. Elimination involves manipulating the equations to eliminate one variable and solve for the other. 3) Examples demonstrate solving a system using substitution and elimination to find the solution values for x and y.

System of equations or
simultaneous equations –
A pair of linear equations in two
variables is said to form a system of
simultaneous linear equations.

For Example, 2x – 3y + 4 = 0
x + 7y – 1 = 0
Form a system of two linear equations
in variables x and y.

Most read

The general form of a linear equation
in two variables x and y is
ax + by + c = 0 , a and b is not equal
to zero, where
a, b and c being real numbers.
A solution of such an equation is a pair
of values, One for x and the other for y,
Which makes two sides of the equation
equal.
Every linear equation in two variables has
infinitely many solutions which can be
represented on a certain line.

GRAPHICAL SOLUTIONS OF A
LINEAR EQUATION
Let us consider the following system of two
simultaneous linear equations in two
variable.
2x – y = -1
3x + 2y = 9
Here we assign any value to one of the two
variables and then determine the value of
the other variable from the given
equation.

For the equation

2x –y = -1 ---(1) X 0 2
2x +1 = y Y 1 5
Y = 2x + 1

3x + 2y = 9 --- (2)
2y = 9 – 3x
Y = 9-3x
X 3 -1
Y 0 6

Y

(-1,6)
(2,5)

(0,1) (0,3)
X X
X=
Y 1
Y=3

ALGEBRAIC METHODS OF SOLVING
SIMULTANEOUS LINEAR EQUATIONS

The most commonly used algebraic
methods of solving simultaneous linear
equations in two variables are
• Method of elimination by substitution.
• Method of elimination by equating the
coefficient.
• Method of Cross - multiplication.

ELIMINATION BY SUBSTITUTION
STEPS
Obtain the two equations. Let the equations be
a1x + b1y + c1 = 0 ----------- (i)
a2x + b2y + c2 = 0 ----------- (ii)
Choose either of the two equations, say (i) and
find the value of one variable , say ‘y’ in terms
of x.
Substitute the value of y, obtained in the
previous step in equation (ii) to get an equation
in x.

ELIMINATION BY SUBSTITUTION

Solve the equation obtained in the
previous step to get the value of x.
Substitute the value of x and get the
value of y.
Let us take an example
x + 2y = -1 ------------------ (i)
2x – 3y = 12 -----------------(ii)

SUBSTITUTION METHOD
x + 2y = -1
x = -2y -1 ------- (iii)
Substituting the value of x in
equation (ii), we get
2x – 3y = 12
2 ( -2y – 1) – 3y = 12
- 4y – 2 – 3y = 12
- 7y = 14 , y = -2 ,

SUBSTITUTION
Putting the value of y in eq. (iii), we get
x = - 2y -1
x = - 2 x (-2) – 1
=4–1
=3
Hence the solution of the equation is
( 3, - 2 )

ELIMINATION METHOD
In this method, we eliminate one of the
two variables to obtain an equation in one
variable which can easily be solved.
Putting the value of this variable in any of
the given equations, The value of the other
variable can be obtained.
For example: we want to solve,
3x + 2y = 11
2x + 3y = 4

Let 3x + 2y = 11 --------- (i)
2x + 3y = 4 ---------(ii)
Multiply 3 in equation (i) and 2 in equation (ii)
and subtracting eq. iv from iii, we get
9x + 6y = 33 ------ (iii)
4x + 6y = 8 ------- (iv)
5x = 25
=> x = 5

putting the value of y in equation (ii) we get,

2x + 3y = 4
2 x 5 + 3y = 4
10 + 3y = 4
3y = 4 – 10
3y = - 6
y=-2
Hence, x = 5 and y = -2

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Linear equation in two variable

1. LINEAR EQUATION IN TWO VARIABLES

2. System of equations or simultaneous equations – A pair of linear equations in two variables is said to form a system of simultaneous linear equations. For Example, 2x – 3y + 4 = 0 x + 7y – 1 = 0 Form a system of two linear equations in variables x and y.

3. The general form of a linear equation in two variables x and y is ax + by + c = 0 , a and b is not equal to zero, where a, b and c being real numbers. A solution of such an equation is a pair of values, One for x and the other for y, Which makes two sides of the equation equal. Every linear equation in two variables has infinitely many solutions which can be represented on a certain line.

4. GRAPHICAL SOLUTIONS OF A LINEAR EQUATION Let us consider the following system of two simultaneous linear equations in two variable. 2x – y = -1 3x + 2y = 9 Here we assign any value to one of the two variables and then determine the value of the other variable from the given equation.

5. For the equation 2x –y = -1 ---(1) X 0 2 2x +1 = y Y 1 5 Y = 2x + 1 3x + 2y = 9 --- (2) 2y = 9 – 3x Y = 9-3x X 3 -1 Y 0 6

6. Y (-1,6) (2,5) (0,1) (0,3) X X X= Y 1 Y=3

7. ALGEBRAIC METHODS OF SOLVING SIMULTANEOUS LINEAR EQUATIONS The most commonly used algebraic methods of solving simultaneous linear equations in two variables are • Method of elimination by substitution. • Method of elimination by equating the coefficient. • Method of Cross - multiplication.

8. ELIMINATION BY SUBSTITUTION STEPS Obtain the two equations. Let the equations be a1x + b1y + c1 = 0 ----------- (i) a2x + b2y + c2 = 0 ----------- (ii) Choose either of the two equations, say (i) and find the value of one variable , say ‘y’ in terms of x. Substitute the value of y, obtained in the previous step in equation (ii) to get an equation in x.

9. ELIMINATION BY SUBSTITUTION Solve the equation obtained in the previous step to get the value of x. Substitute the value of x and get the value of y. Let us take an example x + 2y = -1 ------------------ (i) 2x – 3y = 12 -----------------(ii)

10. SUBSTITUTION METHOD x + 2y = -1 x = -2y -1 ------- (iii) Substituting the value of x in equation (ii), we get 2x – 3y = 12 2 ( -2y – 1) – 3y = 12 - 4y – 2 – 3y = 12 - 7y = 14 , y = -2 ,

11. SUBSTITUTION Putting the value of y in eq. (iii), we get x = - 2y -1 x = - 2 x (-2) – 1 =4–1 =3 Hence the solution of the equation is ( 3, - 2 )

12. ELIMINATION METHOD In this method, we eliminate one of the two variables to obtain an equation in one variable which can easily be solved. Putting the value of this variable in any of the given equations, The value of the other variable can be obtained. For example: we want to solve, 3x + 2y = 11 2x + 3y = 4

13. Let 3x + 2y = 11 --------- (i) 2x + 3y = 4 ---------(ii) Multiply 3 in equation (i) and 2 in equation (ii) and subtracting eq. iv from iii, we get 9x + 6y = 33 ------ (iii) 4x + 6y = 8 ------- (iv) 5x = 25 => x = 5

14. putting the value of y in equation (ii) we get, 2x + 3y = 4 2 x 5 + 3y = 4 10 + 3y = 4 3y = 4 – 10 3y = - 6 y=-2 Hence, x = 5 and y = -2

Linear equation in two variable

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