Bullying and Cyberbullying
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The document discusses the nature of bullying and cyberbullying, highlighting their characteristics, prevalence, and effects on both victims and perpetrators. It outlines the differences between traditional bullying and cyberbullying, emphasizing factors such as anonymity and accessibility, and provides strategies for parents and educators to address these issues. Key recommendations include effective communication, monitoring online behavior, and fostering a supportive environment to help children handle bullying situations.
Bullying and Cyberbullying
- 1. Dr. Debra Huntley Licensed Psychologist District 196 Parent Fair Nov. 2, 2013 Barry Caplin, Chief Information Security Officer Fairview Health Services http://about.me/barrycaplin, http://securityandcoffee.blogspot.com Slides at http://www.slideshare.net/bcaplin Handouts at http://www.bjb.org/stuff/talks/
- 2. Interactive • Please… ask questions! • Please… answer questions!
- 4. What is Bullying? Six key elements of bullying: It is physical, verbal, or psychological attack or intimidation The bully is more powerful or perceived to be more powerful than the victim The bully intends to cause fear and/or harm to the victim The act is unprovoked by the victim The act is repeated It produces the desired effect
- 5. What is Cyberbullying? Cyberbullying involves harassing, insulting, physically threatening, socially excluding, and/or humiliating others using electronic media such as email, Internet sites, instant Internet messaging, and cell phone text messages
- 6. How is Cyberbullying Different from School-Ground Bullying? Speed of distribution Breadth of distribution Anonymity 24/7 accessibility Permanence Attractive to those who lack power, popularity, confidence, or social status
- 7. They Said/We Said Teens: • • • • • • Online 5 hrs/day 60% check SNS daily, 41% constantly 40.9% females use Tumblr 29.8% males use 4chan 66% say parents don’t need to know their activities Cyberbullying – 62.1% witnessed, 23.3% targets Parents think: • • • • • • <3 hrs 48%/22% 16% 13% 33% believe teens more tech-savvy, 23% overwhelmed 10% believe their teens targetted
- 8. Perceptions Of kids in study: 30% had been bullied; 10% of parents aware 15% had bullied; 5% of parents aware *2013 Cornell University study of 465 parent/child pairs
- 11. Sexting • Texts/attachments not private • Currently considered child porn • Tunkhannock, PA
- 12. Characteristics of Those Who Bully Age –Typically older than those they bully Research shows that 8th graders were the most likely age to engage in bullying For elementary school children, lack of friends (not always true for adolescents) Aggressive, domineering, and hostile toward peers Exhibit little anxiety or insecurity Bullying has shown to be related to three parent characteristics: (a) a negative emotional attitude such as lack of warmth and involvement, (b) permissiveness toward aggressive childhood behavior, and (c) the use of power-assertive parenting methods like physical punishment. If bullying involves the abuse of power, think about where the child first experiences the power differential and how it is handled – between the child and the parent
- 13. Characteristics of Those Who are Bullied Age - younger students more at risk for being bullied Children between 6 and 11 were most likely to be physically, verbally, and emotionally bullied (i.e. teasing). However, in cyberbullying, more likely to be middle school and first year of high school Younger students may be more vulnerable because they have fewer coping mechanisms/less skilled dealing with conflict Children with ineffective coping strategies, low self-esteem, less physical strength, perceived as different from others, less assertiveness, lack of protective friendships, and lack of popularity Quiet, cautious, fearful, sensitive children who may be easily moved to tears are more likely to be bullied Children of parents who are overprotective or sheltering; i.e. the children are somewhat dependent and lack confidence in their own abilities. Families are often enmeshed (e.g. lack boundaries) Children who are cyberbullied are more likely to spend more time online and disclose more personal information online than nonvictims
- 14. Effects of Bullying on Those Who are Bullied Thoughts of suicide and acts of suicide Increased social support has a significant effect on reducing suicidal ideation Girls more likely to engage in suicidal ideation Depression, low self-esteem, and anxiety Psychosomatic and somatic symptoms; this relationship seems to be especially true for younger students Avoidance/escape behaviors, such as not going to school, refusing to go certain places, and running away from home Problems with academic performance
- 16. Effects of Bullying on Those Who Bully Increased thoughts of suicide for bullies May be ostracized by peer groups or become victims of bullying Bullies are at increased risk of becoming involved in delinquency, crime, and alcohol abuse
- 17. How to Deal with Those Who Bully Must take into account severity/seriousness of the behavior. Criteria for judging the offense might include (1) perceived harmfulness of the action, (2) perpetrator’s history of bullying others, (3) amenability of the bully to recognize the injustice of his or her actions and to practice more prosocial behavior, and (4) the cooperativeness of the bully’s parents Clearly identify the offensive behavior without condemning the child Avoid personal abuse and instead offer student a chance to “make things right” Have the child learn coping behaviors when faced with conflicts or negative emotions Coping behaviors may be cognitive (appraising the situation, generating other approaches) or emotional (distancing from situation, anger management) Parents should engage in more consistent discipline with a focus on negotiation and less harsh discipline when resolving family conflict REFER TO HANDOUT FOR TIPS ON HOW TO HANDLE CHILDREN WHO BULLY
- 18. How to Deal With Those Who are Bullied Better if the victim can solve the problem themselves, if possible; greatly increases self esteem If possible, discover why child is being victimized: May be (1) socially unskilled, introverted, or lacking assertiveness, (2) an emotional state (e.g. anxiety, depression) that interferes with child’s ability to engage in appropriate social behavior, (3) being personally “different” that in some way, draws attention from bullies, (4) being a member of a group for whom there is considerable prejudice; e.g. race or sexual orientation, or (5) acting in a way that provokes aggression from others Based on possible reasons, provide access to specialized help OR help child acquire skills to avoid being bullied (e.g. how to avoid overreacting to teasing or assertiveness training). Important to also change the behavior of the bullies Coping behaviors may be cognitive (confronting the situation, seeking social support, making other plans, telling bully to stop) or emotional (distancing, control of feelings) For 5 to 6 year olds, most successful strategies were telling a teacher or having a friend help. Least successful was fighting back or walking away For 12 to 13 year olds, nonchalance was more successful than counteraggression or helplessness) Children share more about what is happening to them if parents respond in a stable, reassuring, and proactive manner and NOT a reactive manner REFER TO HANDOUT FOR TIPS ON HOW TO HANDLE CHILDREN WHO ARE BULLIED
- 19. How to Deal with Cyberbullying Helpful for parents to talk with children about appropriate ways to interact online and the family guidelines for computer use. Parents and children need to agree about the circumstances under which the children should notify the parents if they receive negative messages or view harmful content online Parents should not read everything a child posts or views (invasion of privacy, trust issues) but should let child know ahead of time that they will engage in some monitoring. However, if there are issues of cyberbullying, parents need to monitor more closely. There are software tools that monitor a child’s social networking sites and phone texts but they only alert parents if certain words/terms are used so kids can still work around this Teach children to save all bullying messages. If parents can’t tell who sent it, they can forward it to internet service provider or in extreme cases, contact the police. Remind children to NOT turn off the computer if they see upsetting content, but instead turn off the monitor (so they don’t continue to see it) and alert the parents who can go back to it and respond; parents need to instruct children to NOT respond to offensive content until they have conferred with an adult REFER TO HANDOUT FOR TIPS ON HOW TO HANDLE CYBERBULLYING
- 20. Prevention Teach kids to solve problems without using violence and praise them when they do. Give children positive feedback when they behave well to help their build selfesteem. Help give them the self-confidence to stand up for what they believe in. Ask your children about their day and listen to them talk about school, social events, their classmates, and any problems they have. Take bullying seriously. Many kids are embarrassed to say they have been bullied. You may only have one chance to step in and help. If you see any bullying, stop it right away, even if your child is the one doing the bullying. Encourage your child to help others who need it. Don't bully your children or bully others in front of them. Many times kids who are bullied at home react by bullying other kids. If your children see you hit, ridicule, or gossip about someone else, they are also more likely to do so themselves. Support bully prevention programs in your child's school. SEE HANDOUT FOR TIPS ON HOW SCHOOLS CAN DEVELOP PREVENTION PROGRAMS
- 21. Other Potential Solutions Virtual empathy Anti-bullying programs – do they work? Facebook and other online campaigns w/ celebs Pro-Hero!
- 22. Texting game Situation/response Advice: Be a Friend Speak Up Help Him Get Out of the Situation Tell an Old Person
- 25. Discussion? Slides at http://www.slideshare.net/bcaplin Handouts at http://www.bjb.org/stuff/talks/ about.me/barrycaplin Securityandcoffee.blogspot.com
Editor's Notes
- #2: {"11":"Nov, 2008\nan administrator confiscated a student cell phone "as a result of a secondary issue." \nWyoming county district attorney George Skumanick \nHe had been particularly alarmed by the case of Jessica Logan, an 18-year-old from Ohio who took her own life after pictures she sent of herself to her boyfriend ended up in the hands of fellow pupils. \nSkumanick offered the Tunkhannock pupils in question, around 20 of them, a six-month education program to learn more about the consequences of their actions - and to help them avoid a child pornography charge. \nThree girls - and their parents - refused to sign up, and are now suing Skumanick with the help of the ACLU. \nSkumanick said he thought he was being "innovative and progressive" when he offered the classes. \n"I didn't have to give them this opportunity. I could have just charged them," he said. \nHe says the recent arrest of a man in Georgia for allegedly making internet contact with one of the pupils involved in the case justifies his concern. The man has been charged with criminal solicitation and corruption of minors. \n","25":"Slides at http://www.slideshare.net/bcaplin\nHandouts at http://www.bjb.org/stuff/talks/\n","3":"http://www.buzzfeed.com/ryanhatesthis/a-ninth-teenager-since-last-september-has-committed-suicide\n9/29/12 – 9/10/13\nBullied by 2 girls, age 14 and 12 (former best friend)\nKik Messenger and Ask.fm\nBest documented from 12/12 – 2/13 (suicide)\nBegan because Rebecca had once dated the 14 y.o.’s boyfriend\n14 y.o. had history of bullying behavior\nRebecca’s mother was reluctant to take her cellphone away because she did not want to alienate her daughter and wanted her to be able to communicate with her friends\nhttp://www.nytimes.com/2013/10/16/us/felony-charges-for-2-girls-in-suicide-of-bullied-12-year-old-rebecca-sedwick.html\n","10":"The first poloroid camera was sold to the public in November, 1948. Polaroid photography was invented by Edwin Land. Land was the American inventor and physicist whose one-step process for developing and printing photographs created a revolution in photography - instant photography. You can view Edwin Land's patent for the polaroid camera on the left for the camera that allowed the photographer to remove a developing print after the picture had been snapped. Edwin Land founded the Polaroid Corporation to manufacturer his new camera.\n"}