LISP: Errors In Lisp
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This document discusses error handling in Lisp. It describes general error signaling functions like error, warn, cerror, and break. It also covers specialized error signaling forms and macros like check-type and assert that allow inserting error checks into code. Finally, it discusses special forms for exhaustive case analysis like etypecase, ecase, ctypecase, and ccase that signal errors if no clause is selected.
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![Specialized error signaling Forms and MacrosThese facilitate the user to insert error checks into the code.Check-type place typespec [string]Check-type signals an error if the contents of place are not of the desired type.The user will be asked for a new value, the check-type will store the new value in place and start over.The place must be a generalized variable reference acceptable to setf.Typespec must be a type specifier. (it is not evaluated.)String must be an English description of the type, starting with an indefinite article ( “a” or “an”). (it is evaluated.)](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/errorsinlisp-100326074311-phpapp02/85/LISP-Errors-In-Lisp-7-320.jpg)
![assert test-form [({place}* ) [string {arg}*]]assert signals an error if the value of the test-form is nil.Continuing from this error allows the user to alter the values of some variables , and assert will start over, evaluating the test form again.assert returns nil.](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/errorsinlisp-100326074311-phpapp02/85/LISP-Errors-In-Lisp-8-320.jpg)
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Imagine if every API call you made
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boundaryml/baml
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failed only 5% of the time
boundaryml/baml
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failed only 5% of the time
boundaryml/baml
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boundaryml/baml
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boundaryml/baml
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- 6. cerror continue-format-string error-format-string &rest argsCerror is used to signal continuable errors, it allows the program to be continued from debugger after resolving the error. break &optional format-string &rest argsBreak prints the message and goes directly into the debugger, without allowing any possibility of interception by programmed error-handling facilities.
- 7. Specialized error signaling Forms and MacrosThese facilitate the user to insert error checks into the code.Check-type place typespec [string]Check-type signals an error if the contents of place are not of the desired type.The user will be asked for a new value, the check-type will store the new value in place and start over.The place must be a generalized variable reference acceptable to setf.Typespec must be a type specifier. (it is not evaluated.)String must be an English description of the type, starting with an indefinite article ( “a” or “an”). (it is evaluated.)
- 8. assert test-form [({place}* ) [string {arg}*]]assert signals an error if the value of the test-form is nil.Continuing from this error allows the user to alter the values of some variables , and assert will start over, evaluating the test form again.assert returns nil.
- 9. Special Forms for exhaustive Case Analysisetypecase and ecase are similar to typecase and case, but signal a continuable error if no clause is selected.Ctypecase and ccase are similar to typecase and case, but signal a continuable error if no clause is selected.etypecase keyform {(type {form}* )}*This control construct is similar to typecase, but no explicit otherwise or t clause is permitted.
- 10. To supply an application-specific error, the user must use typecase with an otherwise clause containing a call to error. Ctypecase keyplace { (type {form}* )}*The keyplace must be a generalized variable reference acceptable to setf.If n o clause is satisfied, ctypecase signals an error with a message constructed from the clauses.
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- 12. ccase keyplace {({({key}*) | key} {form}* )}*The keyplace must be a generalized vale reference acceptable to setf.Continuing from this error causes ccase to accept a new value from the user, store it into keyplace, and start over, making the clause tests again.Subforms of keyplace may be evaluated multiple times.
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