Medical Circumcision in Early 20th Century US
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The American Academy of Pediatrics found that the health benefits of newborn male circumcision outweigh the risks, but the benefits are not great enough to recommend universal circumcision for all newborn males. While there are potential medical benefits, the existing scientific evidence is not sufficient to recommend routine neonatal circumcision. Female genital mutilation involves removing or injuring female genital organs for non-medical reasons, according to the World Health Organization.
Medical Circumcision in Early 20th Century US
- 1. Medical Circumcision in Early 20th century United States Commonplace Society 28 January 2014
- 2. Global Map of Male Circumcision Prevalence at Country Level
- 3. “After a comprehensive review of the scientific evidence, the American Academy of Pediatrics found the health benefits of newborn male circumcision outweigh the risks, but the benefits are not great enough to recommend universal newborn circumcision. “ http://www.aap.org/en-us/about-the-aap/aap-press-room/pages/Newborn- Male-Circumcision.aspx “Existing scientific evidence demonstrates potential medical benefits of newborn male circumcision; however, these data are not sufficient to recommend routine neonatal circumcision….” 2013 1999 http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/103/3/686.abstract
- 5. “Female genital mutilation (FGM) comprises all procedures that involve partial or total removal of the external female genitalia, or other injury to the female genital organs for non-medical reasons.” http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs241/en/
- 11. American Journal of Obstetrics and Diseases of Women and Children November 21, 1914
Editor's Notes
- #4: 1870 Dr. Lewis A. Sayre, the leading orthopedic surgeon in the US at the time, worked with Dr. James Marion Sims, a gynecologist, on a case with a boy who couldn’t walk due to muscle/joint issues. The boy’s sickness was cured with circumcision and the removal of adhesions between the foreskin and the glans of the penis; previously, his penis was very sore and tender due to a contracted foreskin 1880 Sayre starts JAMA 1882 J. M. McGee Seen as prevention for masturbation and hardens the glans of the penis to make it less sensitive, diminishing sex drive. Want it as a “sanitary precaution” – reflects the value of being clean in the US as an indication of class 1890 Medical writers adopted the habit of portraying the penis as though it were intrinsically a source of contamination. A St. Louis physician named Jonathan Young Brown labeled smegma "infectious material"
- #5: Picture of tiny penis?
- #7: Picture of infibulation?
- #9: Orificial Surgery Homeopathy, late 19th c 1893-1901 Reflex neuroses => like acupuncture “irritation”