Session 3 asif islam, jobs flagship report
- 1. Economic Transformation for More and Better Jobs in the Middle East and North Africa Region Framework of the report December 2019 1 Asif Islam Senior Economist MENA Chief Economist Office The World Bank Group
- 2. 14 19 36 39 44 46 51 35 22 30 64 57 66 64 67 54 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 Middle East & North Africa South Asia Europe & Central Asia Latin America & Caribbean East Asia & Pacific Sub- Saharan Africa North America World Youth ( 15-24 age) Female Labor Force Participation, 2018
- 3. FLAGSHIP REPORT MARKET CONTESTABILITY 3 One of several reports from the MENA Chief Economist office to be presented in the 2021 WBG/IMF Annual Meetings in Marrakech Regional report on economic transformation, job creation, and market contestability (others on new economy - digital, land, migration, and data) Focus is on job creation through the demand side Explore technology as a new sector for job creation Inspired by and updates several reports (WDR 2019 – Changing nature of work, From Privilege to Competition, Jobs or Privileges, Privilege-Resistant Policies )
- 5. Market contestability Technology and digital adoption Structural transformation Job creation Product market regulations Business environment Non-discriminatory laws Potential factors and mechanisms Labor market reform Social protection Others…etc.
- 6. BUILDING BLOCKS Focus on the demand side (private sector firms) MARKET CONTESTABILITY QUALITY JOB CREATION TECHNOLOGY AND DIGITAL ADOPTION STRUCTURAL TRANSFORMATION 6
- 7. POTENTIAL KEY CONTRIBUTIONS Add to the knowledge and policy dialog through three main areas 7 1 Establish macro and micro facts and relationships 2 Generate new data and leverage secondary sources 3 Demonstrate useful case studies • Characterize labor markets and the structure of MENA economies • State of the private sector (job creation and contestability) • Establish relationships • Data generation • Secondary sources • Showcase successful reforms and policies
- 8. WHAT WE SHOULD KNOW 8 STRUCTURAL TRANSFORMATION Potential questions Is there still limited structural transformation? How have subsectors within services evolved? Does structural transformation guarantee job creation? Establish facts and relationships
- 9. WHAT WE SHOULD KNOW MARKET CONTESTABILITY Establish facts and relationships Potential questions Have firm dynamics changed? Influence of business environment on firm dynamics Capturing contestability: Do product market regulations (PMR) hurt employment? Market contestability and the nature of informality Generate data Demonstrate useful case studies
- 10. WHAT WE SHOULD KNOW 10 TECHNOLOGY & DIGITAL ADOPTION Potential questions Document the task-content of jobs; winners and loses in the changing nature of work? To what extent can digital platforms create jobs in the region? To what extent do households and firms (formal and informal) adopt technology? Leverage existing data Establish facts and relationships Demonstrate useful case studies
- 11. STEPS AHEAD 11 1 Establish facts Establish structural transformation (lack of) Database of key competition laws and sector-specific liberalization in MENA (identify case studies) 3 Collect new data and make use of upcoming ones Product Market Regulations for specific countries (New) Informal sector business surveys (New) MNA Enterprise Surveys 2019-2020 Egyptian Labor Market Panel Survey 2019 2 Leverage knowledge in the region Engage academics and experts in the region Successful and less successful reform case studies 4 Explore secondary data sources in the region
- 12. THANK YOU! December 2019 12