Lucknow pact

LUCKNOW PACT
KHILAFAT MOVEMENT

BACKGROUND
 First World War started in 1914.
 Indians sacrificed a lot in terms of lives,
manpower, supplies, finances and
patience with high prices for
wheat,rice,kerosine etc.
 The Muslims had reservations about
Turkey and going to dispel their
pro-British reputation

 The growing mood of determination to
participate in governing the subcontinent
led to the Lucknow Pact between the
Muslim League and the Congress in
1916.
 Quaid-i-Azam joined Muslim League
in1913 which gave a new dimension to
Indian Politics.
 Muslim League had already demanded
self rule for India as had the Congress.

 The Muslims were demanding for
separate electorates. Both parties were
demanding same privileges.
 Leaders from both sides agreed to co-
operate to bring the government around
to accept their demands.

IN SIMPLE
BACK GROUND
 1914 war
 Indian sacrifices
 Turkey issue
 Determination to participate in governing the sub continent
 Quaid e Azam
 Self rule for India (by both)
 separate electorates
 Cooperation to persuade government

Major points
 Both parties reached on an agreement in
1916 in Lucknow called “Lucknow Pact”.
 The Congress conceded to electorates for
muslims and acknowledged them as a
separate nation.
 Hindus and Muslims should be guaranteed
a certain number of seats in areas where
they were a minority.

 Muslims gave up their claims to
majorities in Punjab and Bengal in return
of a promise of extra seats for Muslims in
minority Provinces.
 Muhammad Ali Jinnah was principal
negotiator of this pact and was entitled as
“ Ambassador of Hindu-Muslim unity", by
Mrs. Sairojni Naidu.

 Jinnah visited Europe along with Gokhle
after this pact
 British recognized the problems,
contributions and determinations of
Indians and announced their intentions of
granting gradual self-government within
the Empire on 20 august 1917.

IN SHORT
Major Points:
 1916
 Muslims are separate nation (congress).
 Certain number of seats in majority
 Muslims gave up in Punjab n Bengal in return for seats in
minorities.
 Quaid was Principal negotiator.
 “Ambassador of Hindu-Muslim unity”(Mrs. Sairojni Naidu)
 Jinnah and Gokhle (Europe).
 British announced self government within Empire on 20
August 1917.

Background
 Muslims of India had an emotional
attachment with Caliphate.
 They considered Ottoman Empire as their
Caliphate.
 Sultan of Turkey was considered as
Ameer-ul-Momneen by Indian Muslims as
they did not have their own identity and
always saw towards Ottoman Caliph

 European powers curtail the Turkish
Empire by occupying Eastern Thrace,
Constantinople and the straits in Balkan
wars in 1912-13.
 Turkey joined Germans in 1st World War
to avenge the European Powers.
 Sympathies of Indian Muslims were with
Turkey.

 Germany Lost the War.
 The British hoped to neutralize the status
of the Caliph and the right of the Turks to
their homeland.
 The Peace settlement and the Treaty of
Severs broke of the Ottoman Empire and
reduced Sultan to the status of Vassal
Prince.
 Muslim Holy Places were placed under
the hold of Allied Forces.

 Majlis-i-Khilafat was made by traders in
Bombay in 1919.
 Muslim Conference’s meeting held in
Lucknow and decided to make it mass
scale movement.
 Seth Jaan Muhammad Chhutani was as
elected president.
 Muslims Of India launched this movement
to fight Turkey’s battle from India though
they were thousands of miles from Turkey.

Objectives
 To maintain the Turkish caliphate
 To protect the Holy Places of the Muslims
 To maintain the unity of the Ottoman
Empire

 Riots started in Amritsar in April 1919
followed by Jalianwala Bagh tragedy on
April13,1919 killing 379 people.
 In1920 terms of Treaty of severs were
announced caused deep resentment
among Muslims.
 In June, 90 Muslim leaders wrote to
viceroy about their non-cooperation with
government from August if terms of treaty
were not revised , but that was of no use.

 Muslim Conference and Congress both
were demanding the Independence of
India.
 Congress leaders decided to cooperate
with Muslims in the time of need.
 A Meeting held and decided to cooperate
each other un-conditionally and to send a
delegation to viceroy and to England to
explain the matter.
 Non-cooperation movement was started in
1920.

Khilafat Delegation to England
Khilafat delegation visited England under
leadership of Moulana Muhammad Ali
Johar and met Prime Minister Lloyd
George, but he gave a cold shoulder and
delegation met failure.

Hijrat Movement
 Jamiyat Ulema-i-Hind proposed that when
a land is not safe for Islam, a Muslim has
two options-Jihad or Hijrat.
 Fatwa was signed by 925 prominent
Ulemas.
 Hundreds of Families sold their properties
and migrated towards Afghanistan, but
were not allowed to enter in the premises
of the state.
 This was a tragic event as thousands of
Muslim Families suffered.

Major Events
 In 1921,Moplah uprising,400 were killed
and tens of thousands were injured.
 Moplah train tragedy,66 were killed.
 Hindu-Muslim communal riots particularly
in Multan and Bengal.
 Arrest of Ali brethren in Sep.1921.
 Feb 1922,Chaura Chauri incident, 21
policemen killed.

 Gandhi called off the whole movement
making an excuse that the National
Volunteers were responsible for the
murder of policemen.
 A sever blow to Khilafat Movement. When
in 1924 Turks announced an end to
Khilafat and made a new government.
 Khilafat conference and committee died
down in a short time and there was
nothing but the name remained

COMMENTS
 Movement failed to achieve its objectives
but carried to political awakening to
Muslims.
 Made clear to Indian Muslims neither to
trust the British nor the Hindus.
 Movement was a sever blow to All India
Muslim League’s popularity

Lucknow pact

More Related Content

What's hot (20)

Similar to Lucknow pact (20)

More from Faizan Shabbir (20)

Recently uploaded (20)

Lucknow pact