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[2023] Putting the R! in R&D.pdf

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Eleanor McHugh, profile picture
Eleanor McHugh

The document discusses various mathematical concepts including the ratio of areas between squares and circles, providing calculations and algebraic expressions to derive these ratios. It touches on topics such as the behavior of physical systems, Gödel's incompleteness theorem, and various computing algorithms. Additionally, it emphasizes the importance of understanding problem domains deeply to identify intuitive shortcuts in mathematical and computational problem-solving.

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1 Eleanor McHugh co-founder @ InIdSol https://inidsol.uk https://shayk.online x://@feyeleanor leanpub://GoNotebook slideshare://feyeleanor linkedin://in/eleanormchugh putting the R! in R&D Rough Cut
2 solving puzzles the hard way Elric sent his mind into twisting tunnels of logic, across endless plains of ideas, through mountains of symbolism and endless universes of alternate truths; he sent his mind out further and further and as it went he sent with it the words [...] words that few of his contemporaries would understand... - Elric of Melniboné, Michael Moorcock
3 solving puzzles the hard way: the ratio of squares inscribe a circle inside a square ao the circle touches the sides at their midpoint inscribe a square ai inside the circle its vertices touch the circumference ai ao
4 2r 2πr 2r ai ao solving puzzles the hard way: the ratio of squares we know a lot about circles their diameter is twice their radius r and their circumference is 2πr
5 y πd d x ai = (2y)2 ao = d2 ai ao solving puzzles the hard way: the ratio of squares and we know a lot about squares such as their area being the square of the length of one side this allows us to express the areas of the two squares in terms of d and y
6 y πd d x ai = 4y2 ao = d2 ai ao solving puzzles the hard way: the ratio of squares
7 y πd d x ai = 4y2 ao = (2x + 2y)2 ai ao solving puzzles the hard way: the ratio of squares
8 y πd d x ai = 4y2 ao = 4x2 + 8xy + 4y2 ai ao solving puzzles the hard way: the ratio of squares
9 y πd d x ai = 4y2 ao = 4x2 + 8xy + 4y2 ai ao solving puzzles the hard way: the ratio of squares note that the calculation of ao includes ai which is interesting but not directly helpful in calculating the ratio of ao to ai however this still leaves us to figure out both x and y which isn't particularly useful
10 y πd d x ai ao solving puzzles the hard way: the ratio of squares however we can reframe this problem if we bisect ai along the line formed by opposing vertices we find that this has shares the length d - the circle diameter d
11 y πd d x h2 = o2 + a2 d2 = (2y)2 + (2y)2 ai ao solving puzzles the hard way: the ratio of squares and by applying the pythagorean theorem we can calculate d in terms of y d
12 y πd d x h2 = o2 + a2 d2 = 4y2 + 4y2 ai ao solving puzzles the hard way: the ratio of squares d
13 y πd d x h2 = o2 + a2 d2 = 8y2 ai ao solving puzzles the hard way: the ratio of squares d
14 y πd d x ao = 8y2 ai = (2y)2 ai ao solving puzzles the hard way: the ratio of squares d
15 y πd d x ao = 8y2 ai = 4y2 ai ao solving puzzles the hard way: the ratio of squares d
16 y πd d x ao : ai = 8 : 4 ao : ai = 2 : 1 ai ao solving puzzles the hard way: the ratio of squares so ao is twice the area of ai d
17 *blink* A clever person solves a problem. A wise person avoids it. - Albert Einstein
18 *blink*: the ratio of squares algebra is a rational tool that can solve many problems by brute force however when you study a problem domain in depth you start to develop intuitions - ways of identifying shortcuts to the answer you're after ai ao d
19 *blink*: the ratio of squares algebra is a rational tool that can solve many problems by brute force however when you study a problem domain in depth you start to develop intuitions - ways of identifying shortcuts to the answer you're after ai ao d
20 *blink*: the ratio of squares if in this case we rotate ai by 45° ao ai d
21 *blink*: the ratio of squares we can see that the area of ao must be twice the area of ai ao ai
22 *blink*: the ratio of squares a y y d 2 2 Y 6 842 I s d from d 2 24 g a e 12 4 2 84 442 v using 8112 4 2 84 442 Sino I 242 42 2 4 42 x 2 4 42 0 Cos ay Sino sin450 sin450 tano Ia seco ha I E ai y coseco to ay de di 442 14472 242 12 8,2 do de 90 8 2 Sin II do Cos 450 I g 2 tan450 1 sin900 1 Cos 900 0 tango undefined
23 common sense is wrong
24 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 applied physics, microelectronics, & computing 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
25 ● for a particle with few degrees of freedom, its position x and its momentum p cannot both be determined at the same time ● Schrödinger's cat sums up the weirdness of this Uncertain Quanta Heisenberg Schrödinger
26 ● at the smallest scale things behave as if distance doesn't exist ● at the largest scale nothing can move faster then the speed of light ● which is more true? ● wormholes! ● time travel! ● (and conspiracies!!!) Locality & The Real Bell Einstein, Rosen, Podolsky
27 Incomplete Mathematics see https://www.quantamagazine.org/how-godels-proof-works-20200714/ ● Gödel vs formal methods ● any formal system able to do elementary arithmetic is either inconsistent or incomplete ● any formal system able to express its own consistency can prove its own consistency if and only if it is inconsistent Whitehead & Russell Gödel
28 Incomplete Mathematics see https://www.quantamagazine.org/how-godels-proof-works-20200714/ ● Gödel vs formal methods ● any formal system able to do elementary arithmetic is either inconsistent or incomplete ● any formal system able to express its own consistency can prove its own consistency if and only if it is inconsistent
29 ● Turing-Church ● robot reads infinite tape ● applies rules that can overwrite the tape then moves the tape one step left or right ● can compute anything which can be computed ● physical analogue of the Lambda Calculus Universal Machines The input value to be bound to the argument x Substitute the value into the body The body becomes the return value λ x . x ( ) 2 λ 2 . x ( ) λ 2 . 2 ( ) 2 Turing Church
30 ● the study of causal processes and feedback loops ● these loops regulate or control the operation of a system ● feedback can be positive or negative ● used to steer a system towards desired goals Cybernetic Noise
31 ● entropy describes the information contained in a system ● the higher the entropy, the more information that can be contained ● applications in cryptography and telecommunications Information Overload
32 Loose Lips Save Ships ● Bletchley Park GC&CS ● traffic analysis ● Enigma and the Turing electro-mechanical bombe ● Lorenz stream cipher and Colossus, the world's first electronic programmable computer Flowers
33 ● the Memex, an electro- mechanical platform for managing deeply interlinked knowledge ● Project Xanadu a platform for publishing hypertext & hypermedia ● WWW adds typesetting and programmability to hypertext Webs of Meaning Ted Nelson Berners-Lee
34 ● algorithms are tractable to rigorous analysis ● Big O notation - how long an algorithm runs ● or how much memory an algorithm uses ● O(logx n) ● O(nx) ● O(n!) Beyond the Machine in programming, simplicity and clarity ... are not a dispensable luxury, but a crucial matter that decides between success and failure Dijkstra Knuth
35 ● falsifiability as the test of empirical study ● constructivism - the pursuit of knowledge is shaped by social factors ● the methods of one paradigm do not necessarily translate into another paradigm All Life is Problem Solving In so far as a scientific statement speaks about reality, it must be falsifiable; and in so far as it is not falsifiable it does not speak about reality Kuhn Popper
36 that first deep-dive into insanity Love is the ghost haunting your head Love is the killer you thought was your friend Love is the creature who lives in the dark Sneaks up, will stick you And painfully pick you apart - The Beast, Concrete Blonde
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41 ● stack-based ● programs compose word definitions from a threaded dictionary ● limited type system ● ASM versions are great for embedded systems ● Open Firmware ● gforth ● Factor (functional) Forth
5 2 3 56 76 23 65 .s <7> 5 2 3 56 76 23 65 ok 5 4 + . 9 ok 13 2 / . 6 ok 13 2 mod . 1 ok 3 dup - . 0 ok 2 5 swap / . 2 ok 6 4 5 rot .s <3> 4 5 6 ok 4 0 drop 2 / . 2 ok 1 2 3 nip .s <2> 1 3 ok : square ( n -- n ) dup * ; ok 5 square . 25 ok see square : square dup * ; ok 42 42 = . -1 ok 12 53 = . 0 ok : ?>64 dup 64 > if ." More than" else ." Less than" then ." 64!" ; ok 100 ?>64 More than 64! ok 20 ?>64 Less than 64! ok : squares ( n -- ) 1 do i square loop ; ok 5 squares .s <4> 1 4 9 16 ok : threes ( n n -- ) ?do i . 3 +loop ; ok 15 0 threes 0 3 6 9 12 ok 0 0 threes ok variable age ok 21 age ! ok age @ . 21 ok age ? 21 ok 100 constant WATER-BOILING-POINT ok WATER-BOILING-POINT . 100 ok variable num-array 2 cells allot ok num-array 3 cells erase ok num-array 3 cells 0 fill ok create num-array 64 , 9001 , 1337 , ok 0 cells num-array + ? 64 ok 1 cells num-array + ? 9001 ok : of-arr ( n n -- n ) cells + ; ok num-array 2 of-arr ? 1337 ok 20 num-array 1 of-arr ! ok num-array 1 of-arr ? 20 ok : i-from-rstack ( -- ) 4 0 do r@ . loop ; ok i-from-rstack 0 1 2 3 ok 5 6 4 >r swap r> .s 6 5 4 ok 5 6 4 clearstack ok bye 42 see https://learnxinyminutes.com/docs/forth/
5 2 3 56 76 23 65 .s <7> 5 2 3 56 76 23 65 ok 5 4 + . 9 ok 13 2 / . 6 ok 13 2 mod . 1 ok 3 dup .s cr - . <2> 3 3 0 ok 43
2 5 swap .s <2> 5 2 ok 6 4 5 rot . <3> 4 5 6 ok 4 0 drop 2 / . 2 ok 1 2 3 nip .s <2> 1 3 ok 4 5 6 clearstack .s <0> ok 44
: square ( n -- n ) dup * ; ok 5 square . 25 ok see square : square dup * ; ok 45
: print-result . cr .s ; 12 42 42 42 = print-result cr = print-result -1 <2> 12 42 0 <0> ok : ?>64 dup 64 > if ." More than" else ." Less than" then ." 64!" ; 100 ?>64 More than 64! ok 20 ?>64 Less than 64! ok 46
: squares ( n -- ) 1 do i square loop ; 5 .s .cr squares .s <1> 5 <4> 1 4 9 16 ok : threes ( n n -- ) ?do i 3 +loop ; : reverse-stack ( n*x -- n*x') depth 1 do i roll loop ; : print-stack ( n -- ) depth 0 do . cr loop ; 15 0 threes cr .s cr reverse-stack .s cr print-stack <5> 0 3 6 9 12 ok <5> 12 9 6 3 0 ok 0 3 6 9 12 ok 0 0 threes ok 47
variable age ok 21 age ! ok age @ . 21 ok age ? 21 ok 48
variable multiplier : multiples ( n n -- ) ?do i multiplier @ +loop ; 3 multiplier ! 20 0 multiples cr .s cr reverse-stack .s <7> 0 3 6 9 12 15 18 <7> 18 15 12 9 6 3 0 ok 2 multiplier ! 20 0 multiples cr .s cr reverse-stack .s <10> 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 <10> 16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 ok 4 multiplier ! 20 0 multiples cr .s cr reverse-stack .s <5> 0 4 8 12 16 <5> 16 12 8 4 0 ok 49
: multiples ( n n -- ) ?do i MULTIPLIER +loop ; :1: Undefined word : multiples ( n n -- ) ?do i >>>MULTIPLIER<<< +loop ; Backtrace: $105349A20 throw $10535FC48 no.extensions $10534D358 compiler-notfound1 3 constant MULTIPLIER 20 0 multiples cr .s cr reverse-stack .s <7> 0 3 6 9 12 15 18 <7> 18 15 12 9 6 3 0 ok 4 constant MULTIPLIER redefined MULTIPLIER ok 20 0 multiples cr .s cr reverse-stack .s <7> 0 3 6 9 12 15 18 <7> 18 15 12 9 6 3 0 ok 50
variable num-array 2 cells allot ok num-array 3 cells erase num-array 3 cells 0 fill ok create num-array 64 , 9001 , 1337 , ok 0 cells num-array + ? 64 ok 1 cells num-array + ? 9001 ok 51
: of-arr ( n n -- n ) cells + ; create num-array 64 , 9001 , 1337 , num-array 2 of-arr ? 1337 ok 20 num-array 2 of-arr ! ok num-array 2 of-arr ? 20 ok 52
: i-from-rstack ( -- ) 4 0 do r@ . loop ; i-from-rstack 0 1 2 3 ok 5 6 4 cr .s cr >r .s cr r@ . cr swap .s cr r> .s <3> 5 6 4 <2> 5 6 4 <2> 6 5 <3> 6 5 4 ok 53
54 ● tokenised interpreter ● running on Zilog Z80 ● unstructured code with GOTO and GOSUB ● no UDTs ● simple line editor ● painfully slow execution ● if you can code in this you can probably code in anything Locomotive BASIC
1 REM ****************** 2 REM * Amstrad Forth * 3 REM * by * 4 REM * Stephen Devine * 5 REM ****************** 6 REM 10 REM (c) Computing with the Amstrad 100 REM Initialisation 110 MODE 2:BORDER 13:INK 1,0:INK 0,13 120 forth$=CHR$(12)+"Fred Forth V1.1" 130 OPENOUT "dummy":MEMORY HIMEM-1:CLOSEOUT 140 temp=0:DEFINT a-z 150 DIM w$(130),p(130),beg(40),ff(40),df(40),loop(40),ll(40),li(40) 160 er$(0)="OK":er$(1)="Stack Underflow":er$(2)="Empty Stack" 170 er$(3)=" already defined":er$(4)=" - Illegal variable name":er$(5)=" - Bad Word":er$(6)="Stack Full":er$(7)="Return Stack Full" 180 spmax=100:DIM s(spmax):sp=-1 190 cvn=58:DIM cvoc$(cvn),dsp(cvn,1) 200 FOR i=0 TO cvn:READ cvoc$(i),dsp(i,0),dsp(i,1):NEXT 210 cvoc$(5)="."+CHR$(34) 220 umax=100:vmax=100:DIM uvoc$(umax),uvex$(umax),var$(vmax),var(vmax) 230 uvn=-1:vrn=-1:PRINT forth$:PRINT:PRINT er$(0) 240 ON ERROR GOTO 2530 250 REM Input Commands 260 w$="":er=0:LINE INPUT ln$:IF ln$="" THEN 690 ELSE IF LEN(ln$)>240 THEN PRINT"Line too long":GOTO 260 270 WHILE ASC(ln$)=32:IF LEN(ln$)>1 THEN ln$=RIGHT$(ln$,LEN(ln$)-1):WEND ELSE 690 280 WHILE RIGHT$(ln$,1)=CHR$(32):ln$=LEFT$(ln$,LEN(ln$)-1):WEND 290 ln$=UPPER$(ln$):IF ASC(ln$)=ASC("*") THEN IF LEN(ln$)>1 AND LEFT$(ln$,2)<>"* " THEN GOSUB 1700:IF er THEN 260 ELSE w$="":G$ 300 ln$=ln$+CHR$(32):x$="":q=1:wn=-1:comp=0 310 WHILE q<LEN(ln$) 320 p=q:WHILE MID$(ln$,q,1)<>" ":q=q+1:WEND 330 w$=MID$(ln$,p,q-p):IF w$=":" THEN IF wn=-1 AND RIGHT$(ln$,2)="; " THEN comp=-1:GOTO 640 ELSE PRINT"Bad definition":GOTO 260 340 FOR i=cvn TO 0 STEP-1:IF cvoc$(i)<>w$ THEN NEXT:GOTO 400 350 IF comp THEN IF wn=0 THEN er=3:GOTO 690 360 IF wn>=0 THEN IF w$(wn)="VARIABLE" THEN er=4:GOTO 690 370 x$=x$+CHR$(0)+CHR$(i+14):IF w$<>"."+CHR$(34) THEN 640 55 https://www.cpcwiki.eu/index.php/CWTA_Issue_17_-_May_1986_-_Type-Ins Used under Fair Use for purpose of review and critique
56 1 REM ****************** 2 REM * Amstrad Forth * 3 REM * by * 4 REM * Stephen Devine * 5 REM ****************** 6 REM 10 REM (c) Computing with the Amstrad 100 REM Initialisation 250 REM Input Commands 680 REM Error Routine 710 REM Compile New Word 750 REM Execute Commands 1080 REM Command List 1690 REM Process Editing Commands 2540 REM Data for Core Words Outer Interpreter (tokeniser & parser) Word Compiler (adds entry to dictionary) Inner Interpreter (invoke entries from dictionary) Implemented Primitives Implementation extension words Primitive tokens and stack behaviour
57 100 REM Initialisation 110 MODE 2:BORDER 13:INK 1,0:INK 0,13 120 forth$=CHR$(12)+"Fred Forth V1.1" 130 OPENOUT "dummy":MEMORY HIMEM-1:CLOSEOUT 140 temp=0:DEFINT a-z 150 DIM w$(130),p(130),beg(40),ff(40),df(40),loop(40),ll(40),li(40) 160 er$(0)="OK":er$(1)="Stack Underflow":er$(2)="Empty Stack" 170 er$(3)=" already defined":er$(4)=" - Illegal variable name":er$(5)=" - Bad Word":er$(6)="Stack Full":er$(7)="Return Stack Full" 180 spmax=100:DIM s(spmax):sp=-1 190 cvn=58:DIM cvoc$(cvn),dsp(cvn,1) 200 FOR i=0 TO cvn:READ cvoc$(i),dsp(i,0),dsp(i,1):NEXT 210 cvoc$(5)="."+CHR$(34) 220 umax=100:vmax=100:DIM uvoc$(umax),uvex$(umax),var$(vmax),var(vmax) 230 uvn=-1:vrn=-1:PRINT forth$:PRINT:PRINT er$(0) 240 ON ERROR GOTO 2530 2530 er=6:IF sp>100 THEN sp=100:RESUME NEXT ELSE w$="":RESUME 690 2540 REM Data for Core Words 2550 DATA "!",2,-2,"*",2,-1,"+",2,-1,"-",2,-1,".",0,-1,"?",0,0,"/",2,-1,"/ MOD",2,0,"0<",1,0,"0=",1,0,"<",2,-1 2560 DATA "=",2,-1,">",2,-1,"?",1,-1,"@",1,0,"ABS",1,0,"AND",2,-1,"C@",1,0,"CR",0,0,"DROP",1,-1,"DUP",1,1 2570 DATA "EMIT",1,-1,"KEY",0,1,"MAX",2,-1,"MIN",2,-1,"MINUS",1,0,"MOD",2,-1,"OR",2,-1,"OVER",2,1 2580 DATA "SPACE",0,0,"SPACES",1,-1,"SWAP",2,0,"VARIABLE",1,-1,"XOR",2,-1,"BEGIN",0,0,"UNTIL",1,-1 2590 DATA "WHILE",1,-1,"REPEAT",0,0,"IF",1,-1,"THEN",0,0,"ELSE",0,0,"FORTH",0,0,"CLEAR",0,0,"ROT",3,0,"DO",2, -2,"LOOP",0,0,"I",0,+1 2600 REM Data for Amstrad Words 2610 DATA "CLG",1,-1,"DRAW",2,-2,"DRAWR",2,-2,"FRE",0,1,"MOVE",2,-2,"MOVER",2,-2 2620 DATA "PLOT",2,-2,"PLOTR",2,-2,"RND",0,1,"TEST",2,-1,"TESTR",2,-1,"GRAPEN",1,-1
58 100 REM Initialisation 110 MODE 2:BORDER 13:INK 1,0:INK 0,13 120 forth$=CHR$(12)+"Fred Forth V1.1" 130 OPENOUT "dummy":MEMORY HIMEM-1:CLOSEOUT 140 temp=0:DEFINT a-z 150 DIM w$(130),p(130),beg(40),ff(40),df(40),loop(40),ll(40),li(40) 160 er$(0)="OK":er$(1)="Stack Underflow":er$(2)="Empty Stack" 170 er$(3)=" already defined":er$(4)=" - Illegal variable name":er$(5)=" - Bad Word":er$(6)="Stack Full":er$(7)="Return Stack Full" 180 spmax=100:DIM s(spmax):sp=-1 190 cvn=58:DIM cvoc$(cvn),dsp(cvn,1) 200 FOR i=0 TO cvn:READ cvoc$(i),dsp(i,0),dsp(i,1):NEXT 210 cvoc$(5)="."+CHR$(34) 220 umax=100:vmax=100:DIM uvoc$(umax),uvex$(umax),var$(vmax),var(vmax) 230 uvn=-1:vrn=-1:PRINT forth$:PRINT:PRINT er$(0) 240 ON ERROR GOTO 2530 2530 er=6:IF sp>100 THEN sp=100:RESUME NEXT ELSE w$="":RESUME 690 2540 REM Data for Core Words 2550 DATA "!",2,-2,"*",2,-1,"+",2,-1,"-",2,-1,".",0,-1,"?",0,0,"/",2,-1,"/ MOD",2,0,"0<",1,0,"0=",1,0,"<",2,-1 2560 DATA "=",2,-1,">",2,-1,"?",1,-1,"@",1,0,"ABS",1,0,"AND",2,-1,"C@",1,0,"CR",0,0,"DROP",1,-1,"DUP",1,1 2570 DATA "EMIT",1,-1,"KEY",0,1,"MAX",2,-1,"MIN",2,-1,"MINUS",1,0,"MOD",2,-1,"OR",2,-1,"OVER",2,1 2580 DATA "SPACE",0,0,"SPACES",1,-1,"SWAP",2,0,"VARIABLE",1,-1,"XOR",2,-1,"BEGIN",0,0,"UNTIL",1,-1 2590 DATA "WHILE",1,-1,"REPEAT",0,0,"IF",1,-1,"THEN",0,0,"ELSE",0,0,"FORTH",0,0,"CLEAR",0,0,"ROT",3,0,"DO",2, -2,"LOOP",0,0,"I",0,+1 2600 REM Data for Amstrad Words 2610 DATA "CLG",1,-1,"DRAW",2,-2,"DRAWR",2,-2,"FRE",0,1,"MOVE",2,-2,"MOVER",2,-2 2620 DATA "PLOT",2,-2,"PLOTR",2,-2,"RND",0,1,"TEST",2,-1,"TESTR",2,-1,"GRAPEN",1,-1
59 100 REM Initialisation 110 MODE 2:BORDER 13:INK 1,0:INK 0,13 120 forth$=CHR$(12)+"Fred Forth V1.1" 130 OPENOUT "dummy":MEMORY HIMEM-1:CLOSEOUT 140 temp=0:DEFINT a-z 150 DIM w$(130),p(130),beg(40),ff(40),df(40),loop(40),ll(40),li(40) 160 er$(0)="OK":er$(1)="Stack Underflow":er$(2)="Empty Stack" 170 er$(3)=" already defined":er$(4)=" - Illegal variable name":er$(5)=" - Bad Word":er$(6)="Stack Full":er$(7)="Return Stack Full" 180 spmax=100:DIM s(spmax):sp=-1 190 cvn=58:DIM cvoc$(cvn),dsp(cvn,1) 200 FOR i=0 TO cvn:READ cvoc$(i),dsp(i,0),dsp(i,1):NEXT 210 cvoc$(5)="."+CHR$(34) 220 umax=100:vmax=100:DIM uvoc$(umax),uvex$(umax),var$(vmax),var(vmax) 230 uvn=-1:vrn=-1:PRINT forth$:PRINT:PRINT er$(0) 240 ON ERROR GOTO 2530 2530 er=6:IF sp>100 THEN sp=100:RESUME NEXT ELSE w$="":RESUME 690 2540 REM Data for Core Words 2550 DATA "!",2,-2,"*",2,-1,"+",2,-1,"-",2,-1,".",0,-1,"?",0,0,"/",2,-1,"/ MOD",2,0,"0<",1,0,"0=",1,0,"<",2,-1 2560 DATA "=",2,-1,">",2,-1,"?",1,-1,"@",1,0,"ABS",1,0,"AND",2,-1,"C@",1,0,"CR",0,0,"DROP",1,-1,"DUP",1,1 2570 DATA "EMIT",1,-1,"KEY",0,1,"MAX",2,-1,"MIN",2,-1,"MINUS",1,0,"MOD",2,-1,"OR",2,-1,"OVER",2,1 2580 DATA "SPACE",0,0,"SPACES",1,-1,"SWAP",2,0,"VARIABLE",1,-1,"XOR",2,-1,"BEGIN",0,0,"UNTIL",1,-1 2590 DATA "WHILE",1,-1,"REPEAT",0,0,"IF",1,-1,"THEN",0,0,"ELSE",0,0,"FORTH",0,0,"CLEAR",0,0,"ROT",3,0,"DO",2, -2,"LOOP",0,0,"I",0,+1 2600 REM Data for Amstrad Words 2610 DATA "CLG",1,-1,"DRAW",2,-2,"DRAWR",2,-2,"FRE",0,1,"MOVE",2,-2,"MOVER",2,-2 2620 DATA "PLOT",2,-2,"PLOTR",2,-2,"RND",0,1,"TEST",2,-1,"TESTR",2,-1,"GRAPEN",1,-1
60 100 REM Initialisation 110 MODE 2:BORDER 13:INK 1,0:INK 0,13 120 forth$=CHR$(12)+"Fred Forth V1.1" 130 OPENOUT "dummy":MEMORY HIMEM-1:CLOSEOUT 140 temp=0:DEFINT a-z 150 DIM w$(130),p(130),beg(40),ff(40),df(40),loop(40),ll(40),li(40) 160 er$(0)="OK":er$(1)="Stack Underflow":er$(2)="Empty Stack" 170 er$(3)=" already defined":er$(4)=" - Illegal variable name":er$(5)=" - Bad Word":er$(6)="Stack Full":er$(7)="Return Stack Full" 180 spmax=100:DIM s(spmax):sp=-1 190 cvn=58:DIM cvoc$(cvn),dsp(cvn,1) 200 FOR i=0 TO cvn:READ cvoc$(i),dsp(i,0),dsp(i,1):NEXT 210 cvoc$(5)="."+CHR$(34) 220 umax=100:vmax=100:DIM uvoc$(umax),uvex$(umax),var$(vmax),var(vmax) 230 uvn=-1:vrn=-1:PRINT forth$:PRINT:PRINT er$(0) 240 ON ERROR GOTO 2530 2530 er=6:IF sp>100 THEN sp=100:RESUME NEXT ELSE w$="":RESUME 690 2540 REM Data for Core Words 2550 DATA "!",2,-2,"*",2,-1,"+",2,-1,"-",2,-1,".",0,-1,"?",0,0,"/",2,-1,"/ MOD",2,0,"0<",1,0,"0=",1,0,"<",2,-1 2560 DATA "=",2,-1,">",2,-1,"?",1,-1,"@",1,0,"ABS",1,0,"AND",2,-1,"C@",1,0,"CR",0,0,"DROP",1,-1,"DUP",1,1 2570 DATA "EMIT",1,-1,"KEY",0,1,"MAX",2,-1,"MIN",2,-1,"MINUS",1,0,"MOD",2,-1,"OR",2,-1,"OVER",2,1 2580 DATA "SPACE",0,0,"SPACES",1,-1,"SWAP",2,0,"VARIABLE",1,-1,"XOR",2,-1,"BEGIN",0,0,"UNTIL",1,-1 2590 DATA "WHILE",1,-1,"REPEAT",0,0,"IF",1,-1,"THEN",0,0,"ELSE",0,0,"FORTH",0,0,"CLEAR",0,0,"ROT",3,0,"DO",2, -2,"LOOP",0,0,"I",0,+1 2600 REM Data for Amstrad Words 2610 DATA "CLG",1,-1,"DRAW",2,-2,"DRAWR",2,-2,"FRE",0,1,"MOVE",2,-2,"MOVER",2,-2 2620 DATA "PLOT",2,-2,"PLOTR",2,-2,"RND",0,1,"TEST",2,-1,"TESTR",2,-1,"GRAPEN",1,-1
61 100 REM Initialisation 110 MODE 2:BORDER 13:INK 1,0:INK 0,13 120 forth$=CHR$(12)+"Fred Forth V1.1" 130 OPENOUT "dummy":MEMORY HIMEM-1:CLOSEOUT 140 temp=0:DEFINT a-z 150 DIM w$(130),p(130),beg(40),ff(40),df(40),loop(40),ll(40),li(40) 160 er$(0)="OK":er$(1)="Stack Underflow":er$(2)="Empty Stack" 170 er$(3)=" already defined":er$(4)=" - Illegal variable name":er$(5)=" - Bad Word":er$(6)="Stack Full":er$(7)="Return Stack Full" 180 spmax=100:DIM s(spmax):sp=-1 190 cvn=58:DIM cvoc$(cvn),dsp(cvn,1) 200 FOR i=0 TO cvn:READ cvoc$(i),dsp(i,0),dsp(i,1):NEXT 210 cvoc$(5)="."+CHR$(34) 220 umax=100:vmax=100:DIM uvoc$(umax),uvex$(umax),var$(vmax),var(vmax) 230 uvn=-1:vrn=-1:PRINT forth$:PRINT:PRINT er$(0) 240 ON ERROR GOTO 2530 2530 er=6:IF sp>100 THEN sp=100:RESUME NEXT ELSE w$="":RESUME 690 2540 REM Data for Core Words 2550 DATA "!",2,-2,"*",2,-1,"+",2,-1,"-",2,-1,".",0,-1,"?",0,0,"/",2,-1,"/ MOD",2,0,"0<",1,0,"0=",1,0,"<",2,-1 2560 DATA "=",2,-1,">",2,-1,"?",1,-1,"@",1,0,"ABS",1,0,"AND",2,-1,"C@",1,0,"CR",0,0,"DROP",1,-1,"DUP",1,1 2570 DATA "EMIT",1,-1,"KEY",0,1,"MAX",2,-1,"MIN",2,-1,"MINUS",1,0,"MOD",2,-1,"OR",2,-1,"OVER",2,1 2580 DATA "SPACE",0,0,"SPACES",1,-1,"SWAP",2,0,"VARIABLE",1,-1,"XOR",2,-1,"BEGIN",0,0,"UNTIL",1,-1 2590 DATA "WHILE",1,-1,"REPEAT",0,0,"IF",1,-1,"THEN",0,0,"ELSE",0,0,"FORTH",0,0,"CLEAR",0,0,"ROT",3,0,"DO",2, -2,"LOOP",0,0,"I",0,+1 2600 REM Data for Amstrad Words 2610 DATA "CLG",1,-1,"DRAW",2,-2,"DRAWR",2,-2,"FRE",0,1,"MOVE",2,-2,"MOVER",2,-2 2620 DATA "PLOT",2,-2,"PLOTR",2,-2,"RND",0,1,"TEST",2,-1,"TESTR",2,-1,"GRAPEN",1,-1
62 100 REM Initialisation 110 MODE 2:BORDER 13:INK 1,0:INK 0,13 120 forth$=CHR$(12)+"Fred Forth V1.1" 130 OPENOUT "dummy":MEMORY HIMEM-1:CLOSEOUT 140 temp=0:DEFINT a-z 150 DIM w$(130),p(130),beg(40),ff(40),df(40),loop(40),ll(40),li(40) 160 er$(0)="OK":er$(1)="Stack Underflow":er$(2)="Empty Stack" 170 er$(3)=" already defined":er$(4)=" - Illegal variable name":er$(5)=" - Bad Word":er$(6)="Stack Full":er$(7)="Return Stack Full" 180 spmax=100:DIM s(spmax):sp=-1 190 cvn=58:DIM cvoc$(cvn),dsp(cvn,1) 200 FOR i=0 TO cvn:READ cvoc$(i),dsp(i,0),dsp(i,1):NEXT 210 cvoc$(5)="."+CHR$(34) 220 umax=100:vmax=100:DIM uvoc$(umax),uvex$(umax),var$(vmax),var(vmax) 230 uvn=-1:vrn=-1:PRINT forth$:PRINT:PRINT er$(0) 240 ON ERROR GOTO 2530 2530 er=6:IF sp>100 THEN sp=100:RESUME NEXT ELSE w$="":RESUME 690 2540 REM Data for Core Words 2550 DATA "!",2,-2,"*",2,-1,"+",2,-1,"-",2,-1,".",0,-1,"?",0,0,"/",2,-1,"/ MOD",2,0,"0<",1,0,"0=",1,0,"<",2,-1 2560 DATA "=",2,-1,">",2,-1,"?",1,-1,"@",1,0,"ABS",1,0,"AND",2,-1,"C@",1,0,"CR",0,0,"DROP",1,-1,"DUP",1,1 2570 DATA "EMIT",1,-1,"KEY",0,1,"MAX",2,-1,"MIN",2,-1,"MINUS",1,0,"MOD",2,-1,"OR",2,-1,"OVER",2,1 2580 DATA "SPACE",0,0,"SPACES",1,-1,"SWAP",2,0,"VARIABLE",1,-1,"XOR",2,-1,"BEGIN",0,0,"UNTIL",1,-1 2590 DATA "WHILE",1,-1,"REPEAT",0,0,"IF",1,-1,"THEN",0,0,"ELSE",0,0,"FORTH",0,0,"CLEAR",0,0,"ROT",3,0,"DO",2, -2,"LOOP",0,0,"I",0,+1 2600 REM Data for Amstrad Words 2610 DATA "CLG",1,-1,"DRAW",2,-2,"DRAWR",2,-2,"FRE",0,1,"MOVE",2,-2,"MOVER",2,-2 2620 DATA "PLOT",2,-2,"PLOTR",2,-2,"RND",0,1,"TEST",2,-1,"TESTR",2,-1,"GRAPEN",1,-1
63 100 REM Initialisation 110 MODE 2:BORDER 13:INK 1,0:INK 0,13 120 forth$=CHR$(12)+"Fred Forth V1.1" 130 OPENOUT "dummy":MEMORY HIMEM-1:CLOSEOUT 140 temp=0:DEFINT a-z 150 DIM w$(130),p(130),beg(40),ff(40),df(40),loop(40),ll(40),li(40) 160 er$(0)="OK":er$(1)="Stack Underflow":er$(2)="Empty Stack" 170 er$(3)=" already defined":er$(4)=" - Illegal variable name":er$(5)=" - Bad Word":er$(6)="Stack Full":er$(7)="Return Stack Full" 180 spmax=100:DIM s(spmax):sp=-1 190 cvn=58:DIM cvoc$(cvn),dsp(cvn,1) 200 FOR i=0 TO cvn:READ cvoc$(i),dsp(i,0),dsp(i,1):NEXT 210 cvoc$(5)="."+CHR$(34) 220 umax=100:vmax=100:DIM uvoc$(umax),uvex$(umax),var$(vmax),var(vmax) 230 uvn=-1:vrn=-1:PRINT forth$:PRINT:PRINT er$(0) 240 ON ERROR GOTO 2530 2530 er=6:IF sp>100 THEN sp=100:RESUME NEXT ELSE w$="":RESUME 690 2540 REM Data for Core Words 2550 DATA "!",2,-2,"*",2,-1,"+",2,-1,"-",2,-1,".",0,-1,"?",0,0,"/",2,-1,"/ MOD",2,0,"0<",1,0,"0=",1,0,"<",2,-1 2560 DATA "=",2,-1,">",2,-1,"?",1,-1,"@",1,0,"ABS",1,0,"AND",2,-1,"C@",1,0,"CR",0,0,"DROP",1,-1,"DUP",1,1 2570 DATA "EMIT",1,-1,"KEY",0,1,"MAX",2,-1,"MIN",2,-1,"MINUS",1,0,"MOD",2,-1,"OR",2,-1,"OVER",2,1 2580 DATA "SPACE",0,0,"SPACES",1,-1,"SWAP",2,0,"VARIABLE",1,-1,"XOR",2,-1,"BEGIN",0,0,"UNTIL",1,-1 2590 DATA "WHILE",1,-1,"REPEAT",0,0,"IF",1,-1,"THEN",0,0,"ELSE",0,0,"FORTH",0,0,"CLEAR",0,0,"ROT",3,0,"DO",2, -2,"LOOP",0,0,"I",0,+1 2600 REM Data for Amstrad Words 2610 DATA "CLG",1,-1,"DRAW",2,-2,"DRAWR",2,-2,"FRE",0,1,"MOVE",2,-2,"MOVER",2,-2 2620 DATA "PLOT",2,-2,"PLOTR",2,-2,"RND",0,1,"TEST",2,-1,"TESTR",2,-1,"GRAPEN",1,-1
64 100 REM Initialisation 110 MODE 2:BORDER 13:INK 1,0:INK 0,13 120 forth$=CHR$(12)+"Fred Forth V1.1" 130 OPENOUT "dummy":MEMORY HIMEM-1:CLOSEOUT 140 temp=0:DEFINT a-z 150 DIM w$(130),p(130),beg(40),ff(40),df(40),loop(40),ll(40),li(40) 160 er$(0)="OK":er$(1)="Stack Underflow":er$(2)="Empty Stack" 170 er$(3)=" already defined":er$(4)=" - Illegal variable name":er$(5)=" - Bad Word":er$(6)="Stack Full":er$(7)="Return Stack Full" 180 spmax=100:DIM s(spmax):sp=-1 190 cvn=58:DIM cvoc$(cvn),dsp(cvn,1) 200 FOR i=0 TO cvn:READ cvoc$(i),dsp(i,0),dsp(i,1):NEXT 210 cvoc$(5)="."+CHR$(34) 220 umax=100:vmax=100:DIM uvoc$(umax),uvex$(umax),var$(vmax),var(vmax) 230 uvn=-1:vrn=-1:PRINT forth$:PRINT:PRINT er$(0) 240 ON ERROR GOTO 2530 2530 er=6:IF sp>100 THEN sp=100:RESUME NEXT ELSE w$="":RESUME 690 2540 REM Data for Core Words 2550 DATA "!",2,-2,"*",2,-1,"+",2,-1,"-",2,-1,".",0,-1,"?",0,0,"/",2,-1,"/ MOD",2,0,"0<",1,0,"0=",1,0,"<",2,-1 2560 DATA "=",2,-1,">",2,-1,"?",1,-1,"@",1,0,"ABS",1,0,"AND",2,-1,"C@",1,0,"CR",0,0,"DROP",1,-1,"DUP",1,1 2570 DATA "EMIT",1,-1,"KEY",0,1,"MAX",2,-1,"MIN",2,-1,"MINUS",1,0,"MOD",2,-1,"OR",2,-1,"OVER",2,1 2580 DATA "SPACE",0,0,"SPACES",1,-1,"SWAP",2,0,"VARIABLE",1,-1,"XOR",2,-1,"BEGIN",0,0,"UNTIL",1,-1 2590 DATA "WHILE",1,-1,"REPEAT",0,0,"IF",1,-1,"THEN",0,0,"ELSE",0,0,"FORTH",0,0,"CLEAR",0,0,"ROT",3,0,"DO",2, -2,"LOOP",0,0,"I",0,+1 2600 REM Data for Amstrad Words 2610 DATA "CLG",1,-1,"DRAW",2,-2,"DRAWR",2,-2,"FRE",0,1,"MOVE",2,-2,"MOVER",2,-2 2620 DATA "PLOT",2,-2,"PLOTR",2,-2,"RND",0,1,"TEST",2,-1,"TESTR",2,-1,"GRAPEN",1,-1
65 100 REM Initialisation 110 MODE 2:BORDER 13:INK 1,0:INK 0,13 120 forth$=CHR$(12)+"Fred Forth V1.1" 130 OPENOUT "dummy":MEMORY HIMEM-1:CLOSEOUT 140 temp=0:DEFINT a-z 150 DIM w$(130),p(130),beg(40),ff(40),df(40),loop(40),ll(40),li(40) 160 er$(0)="OK":er$(1)="Stack Underflow":er$(2)="Empty Stack" 170 er$(3)=" already defined":er$(4)=" - Illegal variable name":er$(5)=" - Bad Word":er$(6)="Stack Full":er$(7)="Return Stack Full" 180 spmax=100:DIM s(spmax):sp=-1 190 cvn=58:DIM cvoc$(cvn),dsp(cvn,1) 200 FOR i=0 TO cvn:READ cvoc$(i),dsp(i,0),dsp(i,1):NEXT 210 cvoc$(5)="."+CHR$(34) 220 umax=100:vmax=100:DIM uvoc$(umax),uvex$(umax),var$(vmax),var(vmax) 230 uvn=-1:vrn=-1:PRINT forth$:PRINT:PRINT er$(0) 240 ON ERROR GOTO 2530 2530 er=6:IF sp>100 THEN sp=100:RESUME NEXT ELSE w$="":RESUME 690 2540 REM Data for Core Words 2550 DATA "!",2,-2,"*",2,-1,"+",2,-1,"-",2,-1,".",0,-1,"?",0,0,"/",2,-1,"/ MOD",2,0,"0<",1,0,"0=",1,0,"<",2,-1 2560 DATA "=",2,-1,">",2,-1,"?",1,-1,"@",1,0,"ABS",1,0,"AND",2,-1,"C@",1,0,"CR",0,0,"DROP",1,-1,"DUP",1,1 2570 DATA "EMIT",1,-1,"KEY",0,1,"MAX",2,-1,"MIN",2,-1,"MINUS",1,0,"MOD",2,-1,"OR",2,-1,"OVER",2,1 2580 DATA "SPACE",0,0,"SPACES",1,-1,"SWAP",2,0,"VARIABLE",1,-1,"XOR",2,-1,"BEGIN",0,0,"UNTIL",1,-1 2590 DATA "WHILE",1,-1,"REPEAT",0,0,"IF",1,-1,"THEN",0,0,"ELSE",0,0,"FORTH",0,0,"CLEAR",0,0,"ROT",3,0,"DO",2, -2,"LOOP",0,0,"I",0,+1 2600 REM Data for Amstrad Words 2610 DATA "CLG",1,-1,"DRAW",2,-2,"DRAWR",2,-2,"FRE",0,1,"MOVE",2,-2,"MOVER",2,-2 2620 DATA "PLOT",2,-2,"PLOTR",2,-2,"RND",0,1,"TEST",2,-1,"TESTR",2,-1,"GRAPEN",1,-1
66 100 REM Initialisation 110 MODE 2:BORDER 13:INK 1,0:INK 0,13 120 forth$=CHR$(12)+"Fred Forth V1.1" 130 OPENOUT "dummy":MEMORY HIMEM-1:CLOSEOUT 140 temp=0:DEFINT a-z 150 DIM w$(130),p(130),beg(40),ff(40),df(40),loop(40),ll(40),li(40) 160 er$(0)="OK":er$(1)="Stack Underflow":er$(2)="Empty Stack" 170 er$(3)=" already defined":er$(4)=" - Illegal variable name":er$(5)=" - Bad Word":er$(6)="Stack Full":er$(7)="Return Stack Full" 180 spmax=100:DIM s(spmax):sp=-1 190 cvn=58:DIM cvoc$(cvn),dsp(cvn,1) 200 FOR i=0 TO cvn:READ cvoc$(i),dsp(i,0),dsp(i,1):NEXT 210 cvoc$(5)="."+CHR$(34) 220 umax=100:vmax=100:DIM uvoc$(umax),uvex$(umax),var$(vmax),var(vmax) 230 uvn=-1:vrn=-1:PRINT forth$:PRINT:PRINT er$(0) 240 ON ERROR GOTO 2530 2530 er=6:IF sp>100 THEN sp=100:RESUME NEXT ELSE w$="":RESUME 690 2540 REM Data for Core Words 2550 DATA "!",2,-2,"*",2,-1,"+",2,-1,"-",2,-1,".",0,-1,"?",0,0,"/",2,-1,"/ MOD",2,0,"0<",1,0,"0=",1,0,"<",2,-1 2560 DATA "=",2,-1,">",2,-1,"?",1,-1,"@",1,0,"ABS",1,0,"AND",2,-1,"C@",1,0,"CR",0,0,"DROP",1,-1,"DUP",1,1 2570 DATA "EMIT",1,-1,"KEY",0,1,"MAX",2,-1,"MIN",2,-1,"MINUS",1,0,"MOD",2,-1,"OR",2,-1,"OVER",2,1 2580 DATA "SPACE",0,0,"SPACES",1,-1,"SWAP",2,0,"VARIABLE",1,-1,"XOR",2,-1,"BEGIN",0,0,"UNTIL",1,-1 2590 DATA "WHILE",1,-1,"REPEAT",0,0,"IF",1,-1,"THEN",0,0,"ELSE",0,0,"FORTH",0,0,"CLEAR",0,0,"ROT",3,0,"DO",2, -2,"LOOP",0,0,"I",0,+1 2600 REM Data for Amstrad Words 2610 DATA "CLG",1,-1,"DRAW",2,-2,"DRAWR",2,-2,"FRE",0,1,"MOVE",2,-2,"MOVER",2,-2 2620 DATA "PLOT",2,-2,"PLOTR",2,-2,"RND",0,1,"TEST",2,-1,"TESTR",2,-1,"GRAPEN",1,-1
67 outer interpreter
68 250 REM Input Commands 260 w$="":er=0:LINE INPUT ln$:IF ln$="" THEN 690 ELSE IF LEN(ln$)>240 THEN PRINT"Line too long":GOTO 260 270 WHILE ASC(ln$)=32:IF LEN(ln$)>1 THEN ln$=RIGHT$(ln$,LEN(ln$)-1):WEND ELSE 690 280 WHILE RIGHT$(ln$,1)=CHR$(32):ln$=LEFT$(ln$,LEN(ln$)-1):WEND 290 ln$=UPPER$(ln$):IF ASC(ln$)=ASC("*") THEN IF LEN(ln$)>1 AND LEFT$(ln$,2)<>"* " THEN GOSUB 1700:IF er THEN 260 ELSE w$="":GOTO 690 300 ln$=ln$+CHR$(32):x$="":q=1:wn=-1:comp=0 310 WHILE q<LEN(ln$) 320 p=q:WHILE MID$(ln$,q,1)<>" ":q=q+1:WEND 330 w$=MID$(ln$,p,q-p):IF w$=":" THEN IF wn=-1 AND RIGHT$(ln$,2)="; " THEN comp=-1:GOTO 640 ELSE PRINT"Bad definition":GOTO 260 340 FOR i=cvn TO 0 STEP-1:IF cvoc$(i)<>w$ THEN NEXT:GOTO 400 680 REM Error Routine 690 IF POS(#0)>1 THEN PRINT CHR$(32); 700 PRINT w$;er$(er):GOTO 260
69 270 WHILE ASC(ln$)=32:IF LEN(ln$)>1 THEN ln$=RIGHT$(ln$,LEN(ln$)-1):WEND ELSE 690 280 WHILE RIGHT$(ln$,1)=CHR$(32):ln$=LEFT$(ln$,LEN(ln$)-1):WEND 290 ln$=UPPER$(ln$):IF ASC(ln$)=ASC("*") THEN IF LEN(ln$)>1 AND LEFT$(ln$,2)<>"* " THEN GOSUB 1700:IF er THEN 260 ELSE w$="":GOTO 690 300 ln$=ln$+CHR$(32):x$="":q=1:wn=-1:comp=0 310 WHILE q<LEN(ln$) 320 p=q:WHILE MID$(ln$,q,1)<>" ":q=q+1:WEND 330 w$=MID$(ln$,p,q-p):IF w$=":" THEN IF wn=-1 AND RIGHT$(ln$,2)="; " THEN comp=-1:GOTO 640 ELSE PRINT"Bad definition":GOTO 260 340 FOR i=cvn TO 0 STEP-1:IF cvoc$(i)<>w$ THEN NEXT:GOTO 400 350 IF comp THEN IF wn=0 THEN er=3:GOTO 690 360 IF wn>=0 THEN IF w$(wn)="VARIABLE" THEN er=4:GOTO 690 370 x$=x$+CHR$(0)+CHR$(i+14):IF w$<>"."+CHR$(34) THEN 640 380 te=INSTR(q,ln$,CHR$(34)+CHR$(32)):IF te=0 THEN PRINT".";CHR$(34);" without ";CHR$(34):GOTO 260 390 x$=x$+MID$(ln$,q+1,te-q-1)+CHR$(4):q=te+1:GOTO 640 400 FOR i=uvn TO 0 STEP-1:IF uvoc$(i)<>w$ THEN NEXT:GOTO 440 410 IF comp THEN IF wn=0 THEN er=3:GOTO 690 420 IF wn>=0 THEN IF w$(wn)="VARIABLE" THEN er=4:GOTO 690 430 x$=x$+CHR$(1)+CHR$(i+14):GOTO 640 440 FOR i=vrn TO 0 STEP-1:IF var$(i)<>w$ THEN NEXT:GOTO 480 450 IF comp THEN IF wn=0 THEN er=3:GOTO 690 460 IF wn>=0 THEN IF w$(wn)="VARIABLE" THEN er=3:GOTO 690 470 x$=x$+CHR$(2)+CHR$(i+14):GOTO 640 480 FOR i=1 TO LEN(w$) 490 IF i=1 AND (ASC(w$)=ASC("+") OR ASC(w$)=ASC("-")) AND LEN(w$)>1 THEN 510 500 IF MID$(w$,i,1)<"0" OR MID$(w$,i,1)>"9" THEN 560 510 NEXT i 520 IF comp AND wn=0 THEN er=5:GOTO 690 530 IF wn>=0 THEN IF w$(wn)="VARIABLE" THEN er=5:GOTO 690 540 IF VAL(w$)>32767 OR VAL(w$)<-32767 THEN PRINT"Number ";w$;" too large":GOTO 260 550 x$=x$+CHR$(3)+w$+CHR$(4):GOTO 640 560 IF wn<0 THEN 590 ELSE IF w$(wn)<>"VARIABLE" THEN 590 570 IF comp AND w$=w$(1) THEN er=3:GOTO 690 580 x$=x$+w$+CHR$(4):GOTO 640 590 IF w$<>";" THEN 610 600 IF comp=0 OR q<>LEN(ln$) THEN PRINT"Illegal semi-colon":GOTO 260 ELSE 640 610 IF comp THEN IF wn=0 THEN 640 620 IF comp THEN IF w$<>w$(1) THEN er=5:GOTO 690 ELSE x$=x$+CHR$(1)+CHR$(uvn+15):GOTO 640 630 er=5:GOTO 690 640 wn=wn+1:w$(wn)=w$ 650 WHILE MID$(ln$,q,1)=" ":q=q+1:WEND 660 WEND 670 x$=x$+CHR$(13):IF comp THEN 720 ELSE 760 produce token stream
70 270 WHILE ASC(ln$)=32:IF LEN(ln$)>1 THEN ln$=RIGHT$(ln$,LEN(ln$)-1):WEND ELSE 690 280 WHILE RIGHT$(ln$,1)=CHR$(32):ln$=LEFT$(ln$,LEN(ln$)-1):WEND 290 ln$=UPPER$(ln$):IF ASC(ln$)=ASC("*") THEN IF LEN(ln$)>1 AND LEFT$(ln$,2)<>"* " THEN GOSUB 1700:IF er THEN 260 ELSE w$="":GOTO 690 300 ln$=ln$+CHR$(32):x$="":q=1:wn=-1:comp=0 310 WHILE q<LEN(ln$) 320 p=q:WHILE MID$(ln$,q,1)<>" ":q=q+1:WEND 330 w$=MID$(ln$,p,q-p):IF w$=":" THEN IF wn=-1 AND RIGHT$(ln$,2)="; " THEN comp=-1:GOTO 640 ELSE PRINT"Bad definition":GOTO 260 340 FOR i=cvn TO 0 STEP-1:IF cvoc$(i)<>w$ THEN NEXT:GOTO 400 350 IF comp THEN IF wn=0 THEN er=3:GOTO 690 360 IF wn>=0 THEN IF w$(wn)="VARIABLE" THEN er=4:GOTO 690 370 x$=x$+CHR$(0)+CHR$(i+14):IF w$<>"."+CHR$(34) THEN 640 380 te=INSTR(q,ln$,CHR$(34)+CHR$(32)):IF te=0 THEN PRINT".";CHR$(34);" without ";CHR$(34):GOTO 260 390 x$=x$+MID$(ln$,q+1,te-q-1)+CHR$(4):q=te+1:GOTO 640 400 FOR i=uvn TO 0 STEP-1:IF uvoc$(i)<>w$ THEN NEXT:GOTO 440 410 IF comp THEN IF wn=0 THEN er=3:GOTO 690 420 IF wn>=0 THEN IF w$(wn)="VARIABLE" THEN er=4:GOTO 690 430 x$=x$+CHR$(1)+CHR$(i+14):GOTO 640 440 FOR i=vrn TO 0 STEP-1:IF var$(i)<>w$ THEN NEXT:GOTO 480 450 IF comp THEN IF wn=0 THEN er=3:GOTO 690 460 IF wn>=0 THEN IF w$(wn)="VARIABLE" THEN er=3:GOTO 690 470 x$=x$+CHR$(2)+CHR$(i+14):GOTO 640 480 FOR i=1 TO LEN(w$) 490 IF i=1 AND (ASC(w$)=ASC("+") OR ASC(w$)=ASC("-")) AND LEN(w$)>1 THEN 510 500 IF MID$(w$,i,1)<"0" OR MID$(w$,i,1)>"9" THEN 560 510 NEXT i 520 IF comp AND wn=0 THEN er=5:GOTO 690 530 IF wn>=0 THEN IF w$(wn)="VARIABLE" THEN er=5:GOTO 690 540 IF VAL(w$)>32767 OR VAL(w$)<-32767 THEN PRINT"Number ";w$;" too large":GOTO 260 550 x$=x$+CHR$(3)+w$+CHR$(4):GOTO 640 560 IF wn<0 THEN 590 ELSE IF w$(wn)<>"VARIABLE" THEN 590 570 IF comp AND w$=w$(1) THEN er=3:GOTO 690 580 x$=x$+w$+CHR$(4):GOTO 640 590 IF w$<>";" THEN 610 600 IF comp=0 OR q<>LEN(ln$) THEN PRINT"Illegal semi-colon":GOTO 260 ELSE 640 610 IF comp THEN IF wn=0 THEN 640 620 IF comp THEN IF w$<>w$(1) THEN er=5:GOTO 690 ELSE x$=x$+CHR$(1)+CHR$(uvn+15):GOTO 640 630 er=5:GOTO 690 640 wn=wn+1:w$(wn)=w$ 650 WHILE MID$(ln$,q,1)=" ":q=q+1:WEND 660 WEND 670 x$=x$+CHR$(13):IF comp THEN 720 ELSE 760 look for extension words
71 270 WHILE ASC(ln$)=32:IF LEN(ln$)>1 THEN ln$=RIGHT$(ln$,LEN(ln$)-1):WEND ELSE 690 280 WHILE RIGHT$(ln$,1)=CHR$(32):ln$=LEFT$(ln$,LEN(ln$)-1):WEND 290 ln$=UPPER$(ln$):IF ASC(ln$)=ASC("*") THEN IF LEN(ln$)>1 AND LEFT$(ln$,2)<>"* " THEN GOSUB 1700:IF er THEN 260 ELSE w$="":GOTO 690 300 ln$=ln$+CHR$(32):x$="":q=1:wn=-1:comp=0 310 WHILE q<LEN(ln$) 320 p=q:WHILE MID$(ln$,q,1)<>" ":q=q+1:WEND 330 w$=MID$(ln$,p,q-p):IF w$=":" THEN IF wn=-1 AND RIGHT$(ln$,2)="; " THEN comp=-1:GOTO 640 ELSE PRINT"Bad definition":GOTO 260 340 FOR i=cvn TO 0 STEP-1:IF cvoc$(i)<>w$ THEN NEXT:GOTO 400 350 IF comp THEN IF wn=0 THEN er=3:GOTO 690 360 IF wn>=0 THEN IF w$(wn)="VARIABLE" THEN er=4:GOTO 690 370 x$=x$+CHR$(0)+CHR$(i+14):IF w$<>"."+CHR$(34) THEN 640 380 te=INSTR(q,ln$,CHR$(34)+CHR$(32)):IF te=0 THEN PRINT".";CHR$(34);" without ";CHR$(34):GOTO 260 390 x$=x$+MID$(ln$,q+1,te-q-1)+CHR$(4):q=te+1:GOTO 640 400 FOR i=uvn TO 0 STEP-1:IF uvoc$(i)<>w$ THEN NEXT:GOTO 440 410 IF comp THEN IF wn=0 THEN er=3:GOTO 690 420 IF wn>=0 THEN IF w$(wn)="VARIABLE" THEN er=4:GOTO 690 430 x$=x$+CHR$(1)+CHR$(i+14):GOTO 640 440 FOR i=vrn TO 0 STEP-1:IF var$(i)<>w$ THEN NEXT:GOTO 480 450 IF comp THEN IF wn=0 THEN er=3:GOTO 690 460 IF wn>=0 THEN IF w$(wn)="VARIABLE" THEN er=3:GOTO 690 470 x$=x$+CHR$(2)+CHR$(i+14):GOTO 640 480 FOR i=1 TO LEN(w$) 490 IF i=1 AND (ASC(w$)=ASC("+") OR ASC(w$)=ASC("-")) AND LEN(w$)>1 THEN 510 500 IF MID$(w$,i,1)<"0" OR MID$(w$,i,1)>"9" THEN 560 510 NEXT i 520 IF comp AND wn=0 THEN er=5:GOTO 690 530 IF wn>=0 THEN IF w$(wn)="VARIABLE" THEN er=5:GOTO 690 540 IF VAL(w$)>32767 OR VAL(w$)<-32767 THEN PRINT"Number ";w$;" too large":GOTO 260 550 x$=x$+CHR$(3)+w$+CHR$(4):GOTO 640 560 IF wn<0 THEN 590 ELSE IF w$(wn)<>"VARIABLE" THEN 590 570 IF comp AND w$=w$(1) THEN er=3:GOTO 690 580 x$=x$+w$+CHR$(4):GOTO 640 590 IF w$<>";" THEN 610 600 IF comp=0 OR q<>LEN(ln$) THEN PRINT"Illegal semi-colon":GOTO 260 ELSE 640 610 IF comp THEN IF wn=0 THEN 640 620 IF comp THEN IF w$<>w$(1) THEN er=5:GOTO 690 ELSE x$=x$+CHR$(1)+CHR$(uvn+15):GOTO 640 630 er=5:GOTO 690 640 wn=wn+1:w$(wn)=w$ 650 WHILE MID$(ln$,q,1)=" ":q=q+1:WEND 660 WEND 670 x$=x$+CHR$(13):IF comp THEN 720 ELSE 760 outer interpreter loop
72 270 WHILE ASC(ln$)=32:IF LEN(ln$)>1 THEN ln$=RIGHT$(ln$,LEN(ln$)-1):WEND ELSE 690 280 WHILE RIGHT$(ln$,1)=CHR$(32):ln$=LEFT$(ln$,LEN(ln$)-1):WEND 290 ln$=UPPER$(ln$):IF ASC(ln$)=ASC("*") THEN IF LEN(ln$)>1 AND LEFT$(ln$,2)<>"* " THEN GOSUB 1700:IF er THEN 260 ELSE w$="":GOTO 690 300 ln$=ln$+CHR$(32):x$="":q=1:wn=-1:comp=0 310 WHILE q<LEN(ln$) 320 p=q:WHILE MID$(ln$,q,1)<>" ":q=q+1:WEND 330 w$=MID$(ln$,p,q-p):IF w$=":" THEN IF wn=-1 AND RIGHT$(ln$,2)="; " THEN comp=-1:GOTO 640 ELSE PRINT"Bad definition":GOTO 260 340 FOR i=cvn TO 0 STEP-1:IF cvoc$(i)<>w$ THEN NEXT:GOTO 400 350 IF comp THEN IF wn=0 THEN er=3:GOTO 690 360 IF wn>=0 THEN IF w$(wn)="VARIABLE" THEN er=4:GOTO 690 370 x$=x$+CHR$(0)+CHR$(i+14):IF w$<>"."+CHR$(34) THEN 640 380 te=INSTR(q,ln$,CHR$(34)+CHR$(32)):IF te=0 THEN PRINT".";CHR$(34);" without ";CHR$(34):GOTO 260 390 x$=x$+MID$(ln$,q+1,te-q-1)+CHR$(4):q=te+1:GOTO 640 400 FOR i=uvn TO 0 STEP-1:IF uvoc$(i)<>w$ THEN NEXT:GOTO 440 410 IF comp THEN IF wn=0 THEN er=3:GOTO 690 420 IF wn>=0 THEN IF w$(wn)="VARIABLE" THEN er=4:GOTO 690 430 x$=x$+CHR$(1)+CHR$(i+14):GOTO 640 440 FOR i=vrn TO 0 STEP-1:IF var$(i)<>w$ THEN NEXT:GOTO 480 450 IF comp THEN IF wn=0 THEN er=3:GOTO 690 460 IF wn>=0 THEN IF w$(wn)="VARIABLE" THEN er=3:GOTO 690 470 x$=x$+CHR$(2)+CHR$(i+14):GOTO 640 480 FOR i=1 TO LEN(w$) 490 IF i=1 AND (ASC(w$)=ASC("+") OR ASC(w$)=ASC("-")) AND LEN(w$)>1 THEN 510 500 IF MID$(w$,i,1)<"0" OR MID$(w$,i,1)>"9" THEN 560 510 NEXT i 520 IF comp AND wn=0 THEN er=5:GOTO 690 530 IF wn>=0 THEN IF w$(wn)="VARIABLE" THEN er=5:GOTO 690 540 IF VAL(w$)>32767 OR VAL(w$)<-32767 THEN PRINT"Number ";w$;" too large":GOTO 260 550 x$=x$+CHR$(3)+w$+CHR$(4):GOTO 640 560 IF wn<0 THEN 590 ELSE IF w$(wn)<>"VARIABLE" THEN 590 570 IF comp AND w$=w$(1) THEN er=3:GOTO 690 580 x$=x$+w$+CHR$(4):GOTO 640 590 IF w$<>";" THEN 610 600 IF comp=0 OR q<>LEN(ln$) THEN PRINT"Illegal semi-colon":GOTO 260 ELSE 640 610 IF comp THEN IF wn=0 THEN 640 620 IF comp THEN IF w$<>w$(1) THEN er=5:GOTO 690 ELSE x$=x$+CHR$(1)+CHR$(uvn+15):GOTO 640 630 er=5:GOTO 690 640 wn=wn+1:w$(wn)=w$ 650 WHILE MID$(ln$,q,1)=" ":q=q+1:WEND 660 WEND 670 x$=x$+CHR$(13):IF comp THEN 720 ELSE 760 word definition to compile
73 270 WHILE ASC(ln$)=32:IF LEN(ln$)>1 THEN ln$=RIGHT$(ln$,LEN(ln$)-1):WEND ELSE 690 280 WHILE RIGHT$(ln$,1)=CHR$(32):ln$=LEFT$(ln$,LEN(ln$)-1):WEND 290 ln$=UPPER$(ln$):IF ASC(ln$)=ASC("*") THEN IF LEN(ln$)>1 AND LEFT$(ln$,2)<>"* " THEN GOSUB 1700:IF er THEN 260 ELSE w$="":GOTO 690 300 ln$=ln$+CHR$(32):x$="":q=1:wn=-1:comp=0 310 WHILE q<LEN(ln$) 320 p=q:WHILE MID$(ln$,q,1)<>" ":q=q+1:WEND 330 w$=MID$(ln$,p,q-p):IF w$=":" THEN IF wn=-1 AND RIGHT$(ln$,2)="; " THEN comp=-1:GOTO 640 ELSE PRINT"Bad definition":GOTO 260 340 FOR i=cvn TO 0 STEP-1:IF cvoc$(i)<>w$ THEN NEXT:GOTO 400 350 IF comp THEN IF wn=0 THEN er=3:GOTO 690 360 IF wn>=0 THEN IF w$(wn)="VARIABLE" THEN er=4:GOTO 690 370 x$=x$+CHR$(0)+CHR$(i+14):IF w$<>"."+CHR$(34) THEN 640 380 te=INSTR(q,ln$,CHR$(34)+CHR$(32)):IF te=0 THEN PRINT".";CHR$(34);" without ";CHR$(34):GOTO 260 390 x$=x$+MID$(ln$,q+1,te-q-1)+CHR$(4):q=te+1:GOTO 640 400 FOR i=uvn TO 0 STEP-1:IF uvoc$(i)<>w$ THEN NEXT:GOTO 440 410 IF comp THEN IF wn=0 THEN er=3:GOTO 690 420 IF wn>=0 THEN IF w$(wn)="VARIABLE" THEN er=4:GOTO 690 430 x$=x$+CHR$(1)+CHR$(i+14):GOTO 640 440 FOR i=vrn TO 0 STEP-1:IF var$(i)<>w$ THEN NEXT:GOTO 480 450 IF comp THEN IF wn=0 THEN er=3:GOTO 690 460 IF wn>=0 THEN IF w$(wn)="VARIABLE" THEN er=3:GOTO 690 470 x$=x$+CHR$(2)+CHR$(i+14):GOTO 640 480 FOR i=1 TO LEN(w$) 490 IF i=1 AND (ASC(w$)=ASC("+") OR ASC(w$)=ASC("-")) AND LEN(w$)>1 THEN 510 500 IF MID$(w$,i,1)<"0" OR MID$(w$,i,1)>"9" THEN 560 510 NEXT i 520 IF comp AND wn=0 THEN er=5:GOTO 690 530 IF wn>=0 THEN IF w$(wn)="VARIABLE" THEN er=5:GOTO 690 540 IF VAL(w$)>32767 OR VAL(w$)<-32767 THEN PRINT"Number ";w$;" too large":GOTO 260 550 x$=x$+CHR$(3)+w$+CHR$(4):GOTO 640 560 IF wn<0 THEN 590 ELSE IF w$(wn)<>"VARIABLE" THEN 590 570 IF comp AND w$=w$(1) THEN er=3:GOTO 690 580 x$=x$+w$+CHR$(4):GOTO 640 590 IF w$<>";" THEN 610 600 IF comp=0 OR q<>LEN(ln$) THEN PRINT"Illegal semi-colon":GOTO 260 ELSE 640 610 IF comp THEN IF wn=0 THEN 640 620 IF comp THEN IF w$<>w$(1) THEN er=5:GOTO 690 ELSE x$=x$+CHR$(1)+CHR$(uvn+15):GOTO 640 630 er=5:GOTO 690 640 wn=wn+1:w$(wn)=w$ 650 WHILE MID$(ln$,q,1)=" ":q=q+1:WEND 660 WEND 670 x$=x$+CHR$(13):IF comp THEN 720 ELSE 760 execute "byte code" or add to dictionary check for user defined word check for user defined variable must be a number "byte code" generated for token
74 270 WHILE ASC(ln$)=32:IF LEN(ln$)>1 THEN ln$=RIGHT$(ln$,LEN(ln$)-1):WEND ELSE 690 280 WHILE RIGHT$(ln$,1)=CHR$(32):ln$=LEFT$(ln$,LEN(ln$)-1):WEND 290 ln$=UPPER$(ln$):IF ASC(ln$)=ASC("*") THEN IF LEN(ln$)>1 AND LEFT$(ln$,2)<>"* " THEN GOSUB 1700:IF er THEN 260 ELSE w$="":GOTO 690 300 ln$=ln$+CHR$(32):x$="":q=1:wn=-1:comp=0 310 WHILE q<LEN(ln$) 320 p=q:WHILE MID$(ln$,q,1)<>" ":q=q+1:WEND 330 w$=MID$(ln$,p,q-p):IF w$=":" THEN IF wn=-1 AND RIGHT$(ln$,2)="; " THEN comp=-1:GOTO 640 ELSE PRINT"Bad definition":GOTO 260 340 FOR i=cvn TO 0 STEP-1:IF cvoc$(i)<>w$ THEN NEXT:GOTO 400 350 IF comp THEN IF wn=0 THEN er=3:GOTO 690 360 IF wn>=0 THEN IF w$(wn)="VARIABLE" THEN er=4:GOTO 690 370 x$=x$+CHR$(0)+CHR$(i+14):IF w$<>"."+CHR$(34) THEN 640 380 te=INSTR(q,ln$,CHR$(34)+CHR$(32)):IF te=0 THEN PRINT".";CHR$(34);" without ";CHR$(34):GOTO 260 390 x$=x$+MID$(ln$,q+1,te-q-1)+CHR$(4):q=te+1:GOTO 640 400 FOR i=uvn TO 0 STEP-1:IF uvoc$(i)<>w$ THEN NEXT:GOTO 440 410 IF comp THEN IF wn=0 THEN er=3:GOTO 690 420 IF wn>=0 THEN IF w$(wn)="VARIABLE" THEN er=4:GOTO 690 430 x$=x$+CHR$(1)+CHR$(i+14):GOTO 640 440 FOR i=vrn TO 0 STEP-1:IF var$(i)<>w$ THEN NEXT:GOTO 480 450 IF comp THEN IF wn=0 THEN er=3:GOTO 690 460 IF wn>=0 THEN IF w$(wn)="VARIABLE" THEN er=3:GOTO 690 470 x$=x$+CHR$(2)+CHR$(i+14):GOTO 640 480 FOR i=1 TO LEN(w$) 490 IF i=1 AND (ASC(w$)=ASC("+") OR ASC(w$)=ASC("-")) AND LEN(w$)>1 THEN 510 500 IF MID$(w$,i,1)<"0" OR MID$(w$,i,1)>"9" THEN 560 510 NEXT i 520 IF comp AND wn=0 THEN er=5:GOTO 690 530 IF wn>=0 THEN IF w$(wn)="VARIABLE" THEN er=5:GOTO 690 540 IF VAL(w$)>32767 OR VAL(w$)<-32767 THEN PRINT"Number ";w$;" too large":GOTO 260 550 x$=x$+CHR$(3)+w$+CHR$(4):GOTO 640 560 IF wn<0 THEN 590 ELSE IF w$(wn)<>"VARIABLE" THEN 590 570 IF comp AND w$=w$(1) THEN er=3:GOTO 690 580 x$=x$+w$+CHR$(4):GOTO 640 590 IF w$<>";" THEN 610 600 IF comp=0 OR q<>LEN(ln$) THEN PRINT"Illegal semi-colon":GOTO 260 ELSE 640 610 IF comp THEN IF wn=0 THEN 640 620 IF comp THEN IF w$<>w$(1) THEN er=5:GOTO 690 ELSE x$=x$+CHR$(1)+CHR$(uvn+15):GOTO 640 630 er=5:GOTO 690 640 wn=wn+1:w$(wn)=w$ 650 WHILE MID$(ln$,q,1)=" ":q=q+1:WEND 660 WEND 670 x$=x$+CHR$(13):IF comp THEN 720 ELSE 760 add "byte code" for primitive add "byte code" for user defined word add "byte code" for user defined variable add "byte code" for number compiler mode sanity checks
75 compiler
76 710 REM Compile New Word 720 IF wn<3 THEN PRINT"Insufficient definition":GOTO 260 730 uvn=uvn+1:uvoc$(uvn)=w$(1):uvex$(uvn)=x$ 740 w$="":GOTO 690
77 710 REM Compile New Word 720 IF wn<3 THEN PRINT"Insufficient definition":GOTO 260 730 uvn=uvn+1:uvoc$(uvn)=w$(1):uvex$(uvn)=x$ 740 w$="":GOTO 690
78 710 REM Compile New Word 720 IF wn<3 THEN PRINT"Insufficient definition":GOTO 260 730 uvn=uvn+1:uvoc$(uvn)=w$(1):uvex$(uvn)=x$ 740 w$="":GOTO 690
79 inner interpreter
80 750 REM Execute Commands 760 ln=0:w$(ln)=x$:er=0 770 GOSUB 780:w$="":GOTO 690 780 p(ln)=1:ff(ln)=0:df(ln)=0 790 WHILE MID$(w$(ln),p(ln),1)<>CHR$(13) 800 class=ASC(MID$(w$(ln),p(ln),1)):p(ln)=p(ln)+1 810 IF class<>0 THEN 920 820 word=ASC(MID$(w$(ln),p(ln),1))-14:p(ln)=p(ln)+1 830 IF ff(ln)=0 OR word=37 OR word=39 OR word=40 THEN 860 840 IF word=5 OR word=32 THEN WHILE ASC(MID$(w$(ln),p(ln),1))<>4:p(ln)=p(ln)+1:WEND:p(ln)=p(ln)+1 850 GOTO 1060 860 IF sp+dsp(word,1)<-1 OR sp+dsp(word,1)>spmax THEN er=1:GOTO 1070 870 IF sp-dsp(word,0)<-1 THEN er=2:GOTO 1070 880 sp=sp+dsp(word,1) 890 IF word <43 THEN ON word+1 GOSUB 1090,1110,1120,1130,1140,1150,1160,1170,1180,1190,1200,1210,1220,1230,1240,1250,1260,1270,1280,1290 ,1300,1310,1320,1330,1340,1350,1360,1370,1380,1390,1400,1410,1420,1430,1440,1450,1460,1470,1480,149 0,1500,1510,1520 900 IF word>42 THEN ON word-42 GOSUB 1530,1540,1550,1560,1570,1580,1590,1600,1610,1620,1630,1640,1650,1660,1670,1680 910 IF er=0 THEN 1060 ELSE 1070 920 IF class<>1 THEN 970 930 word=ASC(MID$(w$(ln),p(ln),1))-14:p(ln)=p(ln)+1 940 IF ff(ln) THEN 1060 950 IF ln<34 THEN ln=ln+1:w$(ln)=uvex$(word) ELSE er=7:RETURN 960 GOSUB 780:IF ln=0 OR er=0 THEN 1060 ELSE RETURN 970 IF class<>2 THEN 1010 980 word=ASC(MID$(w$(ln),p(ln),1))-14:p(ln)=p(ln)+1 990 IF ff(ln) THEN 1060 1000 sp=sp+1:s(sp)=@var(word):GOTO 1060 1010 IF class<>3 THEN er=1:GOTO 1070 1020 p=p(ln):WHILE ASC(MID$(w$(ln),p,1))<>4:p=p+1:WEND 1030 v=VAL(MID$(w$(ln),p(ln),p-p(ln)+1)):p(ln)=p+1 1040 IF ff(ln) THEN 1060 1050 sp=sp+1:s(sp)=v 1060 WEND 1070 ln=ln-1:RETURN
81 750 REM Execute Commands 760 ln=0:w$(ln)=x$:er=0 770 GOSUB 780:w$="":GOTO 690 780 p(ln)=1:ff(ln)=0:df(ln)=0 790 WHILE MID$(w$(ln),p(ln),1)<>CHR$(13) 800 class=ASC(MID$(w$(ln),p(ln),1)):p(ln)=p(ln)+1 810 IF class<>0 THEN 920 820 word=ASC(MID$(w$(ln),p(ln),1))-14:p(ln)=p(ln)+1 830 IF ff(ln)=0 OR word=37 OR word=39 OR word=40 THEN 860 840 IF word=5 OR word=32 THEN WHILE ASC(MID$(w$(ln),p(ln),1))<>4:p(ln)=p(ln)+1:WEND:p(ln)=p(ln)+1 850 GOTO 1060 860 IF sp+dsp(word,1)<-1 OR sp+dsp(word,1)>spmax THEN er=1:GOTO 1070 870 IF sp-dsp(word,0)<-1 THEN er=2:GOTO 1070 880 sp=sp+dsp(word,1) 890 IF word <43 THEN ON word+1 GOSUB 1090,1110,1120,1130,1140,1150,1160,1170,1180,1190,1200,1210,1220,1230,1240,1250,1260,1270,1280,1290 ,1300,1310,1320,1330,1340,1350,1360,1370,1380,1390,1400,1410,1420,1430,1440,1450,1460,1470,1480,149 0,1500,1510,1520 900 IF word>42 THEN ON word-42 GOSUB 1530,1540,1550,1560,1570,1580,1590,1600,1610,1620,1630,1640,1650,1660,1670,1680 910 IF er=0 THEN 1060 ELSE 1070 920 IF class<>1 THEN 970 930 word=ASC(MID$(w$(ln),p(ln),1))-14:p(ln)=p(ln)+1 940 IF ff(ln) THEN 1060 950 IF ln<34 THEN ln=ln+1:w$(ln)=uvex$(word) ELSE er=7:RETURN 960 GOSUB 780:IF ln=0 OR er=0 THEN 1060 ELSE RETURN 970 IF class<>2 THEN 1010 980 word=ASC(MID$(w$(ln),p(ln),1))-14:p(ln)=p(ln)+1 990 IF ff(ln) THEN 1060 1000 sp=sp+1:s(sp)=@var(word):GOTO 1060 1010 IF class<>3 THEN er=1:GOTO 1070 1020 p=p(ln):WHILE ASC(MID$(w$(ln),p,1))<>4:p=p+1:WEND 1030 v=VAL(MID$(w$(ln),p(ln),p-p(ln)+1)):p(ln)=p+1 1040 IF ff(ln) THEN 1060 1050 sp=sp+1:s(sp)=v 1060 WEND 1070 ln=ln-1:RETURN these are our execution classes 0 = primitives 1 = user defined word 2 = user defined variable 3 = numbers
82 750 REM Execute Commands 760 ln=0:w$(ln)=x$:er=0 770 GOSUB 780:w$="":GOTO 690 780 p(ln)=1:ff(ln)=0:df(ln)=0 790 WHILE MID$(w$(ln),p(ln),1)<>CHR$(13) 800 class=ASC(MID$(w$(ln),p(ln),1)):p(ln)=p(ln)+1 810 IF class<>0 THEN 920 820 word=ASC(MID$(w$(ln),p(ln),1))-14:p(ln)=p(ln)+1 830 IF ff(ln)=0 OR word=37 OR word=39 OR word=40 THEN 860 840 IF word=5 OR word=32 THEN WHILE ASC(MID$(w$(ln),p(ln),1))<>4:p(ln)=p(ln)+1:WEND:p(ln)=p(ln)+1 850 GOTO 1060 860 IF sp+dsp(word,1)<-1 OR sp+dsp(word,1)>spmax THEN er=1:GOTO 1070 870 IF sp-dsp(word,0)<-1 THEN er=2:GOTO 1070 880 sp=sp+dsp(word,1) 890 IF word <43 THEN ON word+1 GOSUB 1090,1110,1120,1130,1140,1150,1160,1170,1180,1190,1200,1210,1220,1230,1240,1250,1260,1270,1280,1290 ,1300,1310,1320,1330,1340,1350,1360,1370,1380,1390,1400,1410,1420,1430,1440,1450,1460,1470,1480,149 0,1500,1510,1520 900 IF word>42 THEN ON word-42 GOSUB 1530,1540,1550,1560,1570,1580,1590,1600,1610,1620,1630,1640,1650,1660,1670,1680 910 IF er=0 THEN 1060 ELSE 1070 920 IF class<>1 THEN 970 930 word=ASC(MID$(w$(ln),p(ln),1))-14:p(ln)=p(ln)+1 940 IF ff(ln) THEN 1060 950 IF ln<34 THEN ln=ln+1:w$(ln)=uvex$(word) ELSE er=7:RETURN 960 GOSUB 780:IF ln=0 OR er=0 THEN 1060 ELSE RETURN 970 IF class<>2 THEN 1010 980 word=ASC(MID$(w$(ln),p(ln),1))-14:p(ln)=p(ln)+1 990 IF ff(ln) THEN 1060 1000 sp=sp+1:s(sp)=@var(word):GOTO 1060 1010 IF class<>3 THEN er=1:GOTO 1070 1020 p=p(ln):WHILE ASC(MID$(w$(ln),p,1))<>4:p=p+1:WEND 1030 v=VAL(MID$(w$(ln),p(ln),p-p(ln)+1)):p(ln)=p+1 1040 IF ff(ln) THEN 1060 1050 sp=sp+1:s(sp)=v 1060 WEND 1070 ln=ln-1:RETURN these are computed GOSUBs implementing a despatch table to BASIC for each primitive
83 1080 REM Command List 1090 temp!=s(sp+1):IF temp!<0 THEN temp!=temp!+65536 1100 POKE s(sp+2),temp!-256*INT(temp!/256):POKE s(sp+2)+1,INT(temp!/256):RETURN 1110 s(sp)=s(sp)*s(sp+1):RETURN 1120 s(sp)=s(sp)+s(sp+1):RETURN 1130 s(sp)=s(sp)-s(sp+1):RETURN 1140 PRINT s(sp+1);CHR$(8);:RETURN 1150 WHILE ASC(MID$(w$(ln),p(ln),1))<>4:PRINT MID$(w$(ln),p(ln),1);:p(ln)=p(ln)+1:WEND:p(ln)=p(ln) +1:RETURN 1160 s(sp)=INT(s(sp)/s(sp+1)):RETURN 1170 temp=s(sp):s(sp)=INT(s(sp-1)/s(sp)):s(sp-1)=s(sp-1)-s(sp)*temp:RETURN 1180 s(sp)=(s(sp)<0):RETURN 1190 s(sp)=(s(sp)=0):RETURN 1200 s(sp)=(s(sp)<s(sp+1)):RETURN 1210 s(sp)=(s(sp)=s(sp+1)):RETURN 1220 s(sp)=(s(sp)>s(sp+1)):RETURN 1230 temp!=PEEK(s(sp+1))+256*PEEK(s(sp+1)+1):IF temp!>32767 THEN temp! =temp!-65536:PRINTtemp!;CHR$(8);:RETURN ELSE PRINTtemp!;CHR$(8);:RETURN 1240 temp!=PEEK(s(sp))+256*PEEK(s(sp)+1):IF temp!>32767 THEN s(sp)=temp!-65536:RETURN ELSE s(sp)=temp!:RETURN 1250 s(sp)=ABS(s(sp)):RETURN 1260 s(sp)=s(sp) AND s(sp+1):RETURN 1270 s(sp)=PEEK(s(sp)):RETURN 1280 PRINT:RETURN 1290 RETURN 1300 s(sp)=s(sp-1):RETURN 1310 PRINTCHR$(s(sp+1));:RETURN 1320 in$=INKEY$:IF in$="" THEN 1320 ELSE s(sp)=ASC(in$):RETURN 1330 s(sp)=MAX(s(sp),s(sp+1)):RETURN 1340 s(sp)=MIN(s(sp),s(sp+1)):RETURN 1350 s(sp)=-s(sp):RETURN 1360 s(sp)=s(sp) MOD s(sp+1):RETURN 1370 s(sp)=s(sp) OR s(sp+1):RETURN 1380 s(sp)=s(sp-2):RETURN 1390 PRINT" ";:RETURN 1400 PRINT USING "&";SPACE$(s(sp+1)-256*INT(s(sp+1)/256));:RETURN 1410 temp=s(sp):s(sp)=s(sp-1):s(sp-1)=temp:RETURN 1420 vrn=vrn+1:var(vrn)=s(sp+1):WHILE ASC(MID$(w$(ln),p(ln),1))<>4:var$(vrn)=var$(vrn)+MID$(w$ (ln),p(ln),1):p(ln)=p(ln)+1:WEND:p(ln)=p(ln)+1:RETURN 1430 s(sp)=s(sp) XOR s(sp+1):RETURN 1440 beg(ln)=p(ln):RETURN 1450 IF s(sp+1)=0 THEN p(ln)=beg(ln):RETURN ELSE RETURN 1460 IF s(sp+1)<>0 THEN RETURN ELSE ff(ln)=-1:RETURN this is why switch statements exist and why fallthrough is superior to break!
84 that's probably more than you ever wanted to know about Forth or BASIC or how I spent the 80s...
85 this social construct kills demons
86 this social construct kills demons
87 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 embedded 1999 systems 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
the waterfall 88 up-front design
Kent Beck 89 eXtreme Programming the birth of agile Planning/feedback loops Release plan Code Iteration plan Acceptance test Stand-up meeting Pair negotiation Unit test Pair programming Months Weeks Days One day Hours Minutes Seconds By DonWells - Own work based on: XP-feedback.gif, CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=27448045
Cultural traditions Analysis & synthesis Previous experiences New information Genetic heritage Decision (hypothesis) Observations Action (test) Unfolding interaction with environment Feedback Feedback Unfolding interaction with environment Act Decide Orient Observe Implicit guidance & control Feed forward Feed Feed forward forward Unfolding circumstances Outside information Implicit guidance & control John Boyd's OODA loop Feedback 90 it's war out there the OODA loop John Boyd
Verification and Validation Project Definition Concept of Operations Requirements and Architecture Detailed Design Integration, Test, and Verification System Verification and Validation Operation and Maintenance Project Test and Integration Implementation Implementation Time 91 government mandated processes the v-model
92 software considerations in airborne systems and equipment certification RTCA DO-178B Level Failure condition Objectives[5] Failure Rate A Catastrophic 66 10−9/h B Hazardous 65 10−7/h C Major 57 10−5/h D Minor 28 10−3/h E No Effect 0 n/a
93 evolutionary prototyping the boehm spiral Plan next Phase Develop, verify next-level product Determine objectives, alternatives, constraints Evaluate alternatives identify, resolve risks Cummulative cost Review Commitment partition Risk analysis Risk analysis Risk analysis Prototype 1 Prototype 2 Prototype 3 Operational Prototype Risk analy- sis Requirements plan life-cycle plan Develop- ment plan Integration and test plan Concept of operation Simulations, models, benchmarks Software requirements Requirements validation Software product design Design validation and verification Detailed design Code Unit test Integration and test Acceptance test Implementation
94 further down the spiral
95 once upon a time Romek Ellie
96 cryptography + physics = ??? we 🔬 digital identity
97 ● digital identity ● messaging ● privacy ● trust what we do IDENTITY & TRUST IN MONITORED SPACES THE VIRTUES OF PRIVACY BY DESIGN Eleanor McHugh Romek Szczesniak
98 ● ruby ● bash ● macOS ● golang ● crystal ● javascript how we do it
99 #!/bin/bash # (c) 2018 Innovative Identity Solutions Limited # all rights reserved source scripts/ruby_web_api.sh print_cic_statement BASE_SERVICE_PORT=9000 source ./infrastructure.sh while getopts b:v:sh option do case "${option}" in h) echo echo "This script launches the infrastructure for user registration and interaction." echo "For each user and the oracle it creates a running web service." echo "It initialises the database when it runs." echo echo "Usage:" echo " ./demo.sh -b bearer-name -v validator-name" echo " ./demo.sh -h" echo " ./demo.sh -s" exit 0 ;; b) BEARER=${OPTARG};; v) VALIDATOR=${OPTARG};; s) shutdown $DOMAIN_ADDRESS;; esac done if [ -z ${BEARER+x} ]; then echo "specify bearer name with -b"; exit 1 fi if [ -z ${VALIDATOR+x} ]; then echo "specify validator name with -v"; exit 2 fi scripts/startup.sh $BASE_SERVICE_PORT heading "Launching bearer devices" launch_bearer $BEAR_SERVICE $BEARER "bear.jpg" launch_bearer $VAL_SERVICE $VALIDATOR "val.jpg" this is part of a proof of concept for a digital identity system it's part of a series of prototypes evolved from a series of pure BaSH scripts all the techniques demonstrated are applicable to any language with either quick compilation speed or fast interpreter launch like golang or ruby
100 #!/bin/bash # (c) 2018 Innovative Identity Solutions Limited # all rights reserved source scripts/ruby_web_api.sh print_cic_statement BASE_SERVICE_PORT=9000 source ./infrastructure.sh while getopts b:v:sh option do case "${option}" in h) echo echo "This script launches the infrastructure for user registration and interaction." echo "For each user and the oracle it creates a running web service." echo "It initialises the database when it runs." echo echo "Usage:" echo " ./demo.sh -b bearer-name -v validator-name" echo " ./demo.sh -h" echo " ./demo.sh -s" exit 0 ;; b) BEARER=${OPTARG};; v) VALIDATOR=${OPTARG};; s) shutdown $DOMAIN_ADDRESS;; esac done if [ -z ${BEARER+x} ]; then echo "specify bearer name with -b"; exit 1 fi if [ -z ${VALIDATOR+x} ]; then echo "specify validator name with -v"; exit 2 fi scripts/startup.sh $BASE_SERVICE_PORT heading "Launching bearer devices" launch_bearer $BEAR_SERVICE $BEARER "bear.jpg" launch_bearer $VAL_SERVICE $VALIDATOR "val.jpg" Fair Use Exemptions Apply
101 #!/bin/bash # (c) 2018 Innovative Identity Solutions Limited # all rights reserved source scripts/ruby_web_api.sh print_cic_statement BASE_SERVICE_PORT=9000 source ./infrastructure.sh while getopts b:v:sh option do case "${option}" in h) echo echo "This script launches the infrastructure for user registration and interaction." echo "For each user and the oracle it creates a running web service." echo "It initialises the database when it runs." echo echo "Usage:" echo " ./demo.sh -b bearer-name -v validator-name" echo " ./demo.sh -h" echo " ./demo.sh -s" exit 0 ;; b) BEARER=${OPTARG};; v) VALIDATOR=${OPTARG};; s) shutdown $DOMAIN_ADDRESS;; esac done if [ -z ${BEARER+x} ]; then echo "specify bearer name with -b"; exit 1 fi if [ -z ${VALIDATOR+x} ]; then echo "specify validator name with -v"; exit 2 fi scripts/startup.sh $BASE_SERVICE_PORT heading "Launching bearer devices" launch_bearer $BEAR_SERVICE $BEARER "bear.jpg" launch_bearer $VAL_SERVICE $VALIDATOR "val.jpg" bangs allow scripts to be executable
102 #!/bin/bash # (c) 2018 Innovative Identity Solutions Limited # all rights reserved source scripts/ruby_web_api.sh print_cic_statement BASE_SERVICE_PORT=9000 source ./infrastructure.sh while getopts b:v:sh option do case "${option}" in h) echo echo "This script launches the infrastructure for user registration and interaction." echo "For each user and the oracle it creates a running web service." echo "It initialises the database when it runs." echo echo "Usage:" echo " ./demo.sh -b bearer-name -v validator-name" echo " ./demo.sh -h" echo " ./demo.sh -s" exit 0 ;; b) BEARER=${OPTARG};; v) VALIDATOR=${OPTARG};; s) shutdown $DOMAIN_ADDRESS;; esac done if [ -z ${BEARER+x} ]; then echo "specify bearer name with -b"; exit 1 fi if [ -z ${VALIDATOR+x} ]; then echo "specify validator name with -v"; exit 2 fi scripts/startup.sh $BASE_SERVICE_PORT heading "Launching bearer devices" launch_bearer $BEAR_SERVICE $BEARER "bear.jpg" launch_bearer $VAL_SERVICE $VALIDATOR "val.jpg" Environment Variables for configuration
103 #!/bin/bash # (c) 2018 Innovative Identity Solutions Limited # all rights reserved source scripts/ruby_web_api.sh print_cic_statement BASE_SERVICE_PORT=9000 source ./infrastructure.sh while getopts b:v:sh option do case "${option}" in h) echo echo "This script launches the infrastructure for user registration and interaction." echo "For each user and the oracle it creates a running web service." echo "It initialises the database when it runs." echo echo "Usage:" echo " ./demo.sh -b bearer-name -v validator-name" echo " ./demo.sh -h" echo " ./demo.sh -s" exit 0 ;; b) BEARER=${OPTARG};; v) VALIDATOR=${OPTARG};; s) shutdown $DOMAIN_ADDRESS;; esac done if [ -z ${BEARER+x} ]; then echo "specify bearer name with -b"; exit 1 fi if [ -z ${VALIDATOR+x} ]; then echo "specify validator name with -v"; exit 2 fi scripts/startup.sh $BASE_SERVICE_PORT heading "Launching bearer devices" launch_bearer $BEAR_SERVICE $BEARER "bear.jpg" launch_bearer $VAL_SERVICE $VALIDATOR "val.jpg" Environment Variables for configuration
104 #!/bin/bash # (c) 2017 Innovative Identity Solutions Limited # all rights reserved # This script defines addresses for a service infrastructure baselined at $BASEPORT." # # Usage:" # export BASE_SERVICE=9000" # source infrastructure.sh" # PORT=$BASE_SERVICE_PORT ADDRESS=${SERVER_ADDRESS:=localhost} export DOMAIN_SERVICE=$PORT export DOMAIN_ADDRESS="$ADDRESS:$DOMAIN_SERVICE" let PORT++ export LOGGING_SERVICE=$PORT export LOGGING_ADDRESS="$ADDRESS:$LOGGING_SERVICE" let PORT++ export SECURE_STORE_SERVICE=$PORT export SECURE_STORE_ADDRESS="$ADDRESS:$SECURE_STORE_SERVICE" let PORT++ export REGISTRY_SERVICE=$PORT export REGISTRY_ADDRESS="$ADDRESS:$REGISTRY_SERVICE" let PORT++ export ORACLE_SERVICE=$PORT export ORACLE_ADDRESS="$ADDRESS:$ORACLE_SERVICE" let PORT++ export BEAR_SERVICE=$PORT export BEAR_ADDRESS="$ADDRESS:$BEAR_SERVICE" let PORT++ export VAL_SERVICE=$PORT export VAL_ADDRESS="$ADDRESS:$VAL_SERVICE" BASE_SERVICE_PORT=$DOMAIN_SERVICE Environment Variables for static configuration
105 #!/bin/bash # (c) 2018 Innovative Identity Solutions Limited # all rights reserved source scripts/ruby_web_api.sh print_cic_statement BASE_SERVICE_PORT=9000 source ./infrastructure.sh while getopts b:v:sh option do case "${option}" in h) echo echo "This script launches the infrastructure for user registration and interaction." echo "For each user and the oracle it creates a running web service." echo "It initialises the database when it runs." echo echo "Usage:" echo " ./demo.sh -b bearer-name -v validator-name" echo " ./demo.sh -h" echo " ./demo.sh -s" exit 0 ;; b) BEARER=${OPTARG};; v) VALIDATOR=${OPTARG};; s) shutdown $DOMAIN_ADDRESS;; esac done if [ -z ${BEARER+x} ]; then echo "specify bearer name with -b"; exit 1 fi if [ -z ${VALIDATOR+x} ]; then echo "specify validator name with -v"; exit 2 fi scripts/startup.sh $BASE_SERVICE_PORT heading "Launching bearer devices" launch_bearer $BEAR_SERVICE $BEARER "bear.jpg" launch_bearer $VAL_SERVICE $VALIDATOR "val.jpg" command-line switches for instance variables
106 #!/bin/bash # (c) 2018 Innovative Identity Solutions Limited # all rights reserved source scripts/ruby_web_api.sh print_cic_statement BASE_SERVICE_PORT=9000 source ./infrastructure.sh while getopts b:v:sh option do case "${option}" in h) echo echo "This script launches the infrastructure for user registration and interaction." echo "For each user and the oracle it creates a running web service." echo "It initialises the database when it runs." echo echo "Usage:" echo " ./demo.sh -b bearer-name -v validator-name" echo " ./demo.sh -h" echo " ./demo.sh -s" exit 0 ;; b) BEARER=${OPTARG};; v) VALIDATOR=${OPTARG};; s) shutdown $DOMAIN_ADDRESS;; esac done if [ -z ${BEARER+x} ]; then echo "specify bearer name with -b"; exit 1 fi if [ -z ${VALIDATOR+x} ]; then echo "specify validator name with -v"; exit 2 fi scripts/startup.sh $BASE_SERVICE_PORT heading "Launching bearer devices" launch_bearer $BEAR_SERVICE $BEARER "bear.jpg" launch_bearer $VAL_SERVICE $VALIDATOR "val.jpg" check for missing parameters
107 #!/bin/bash # (c) 2018 Innovative Identity Solutions Limited # all rights reserved source scripts/ruby_web_api.sh print_cic_statement BASE_SERVICE_PORT=9000 source ./infrastructure.sh while getopts b:v:sh option do case "${option}" in h) echo echo "This script launches the infrastructure for user registration and interaction." echo "For each user and the oracle it creates a running web service." echo "It initialises the database when it runs." echo echo "Usage:" echo " ./demo.sh -b bearer-name -v validator-name" echo " ./demo.sh -h" echo " ./demo.sh -s" exit 0 ;; b) BEARER=${OPTARG};; v) VALIDATOR=${OPTARG};; s) shutdown $DOMAIN_ADDRESS;; esac done if [ -z ${BEARER+x} ]; then echo "specify bearer name with -b"; exit 1 fi if [ -z ${VALIDATOR+x} ]; then echo "specify validator name with -v"; exit 2 fi scripts/startup.sh $BASE_SERVICE_PORT heading "Launching bearer devices" launch_bearer $BEAR_SERVICE $BEARER "bear.jpg" launch_bearer $VAL_SERVICE $VALIDATOR "val.jpg" now for some Ruby magic
108 RUBY_DIR="$ROOT_DIR/ruby" source scripts/basics.sh # http_requests will print headers and response body along with stack dumps # if the env variable DEBUG_HTTP_REQUESTS exists ruby_web_client () { local program=$1 ruby -e " require 'json' require '$CLIENTS_DIR/web' $program " } http_request () { local version=$1 local method=$2 local address=$3 local endpoint=$4 local request_body=$5 ruby_web_client " if ENV['DEBUG_HTTP_REQUESTS'] response = WebClient.$method($version, '$address', endpoint = $endpoint) do |req| puts 'REQUEST:' puts $request_body $request_body end puts 'RESPONSE:' response.each_header do |k, v| puts "#{k}: #{v}" end puts "body: #{response.body}" puts else WebClient.$method($version, '$address', endpoint = $endpoint) do |req| $request_body end rescue nil end " } where we keep our ruby scripts some handy Bash functions
109 DATA_DIR="$ROOT_DIR/data" COMMANDS_DIR="$ROOT_DIR/commands" MODELS_DIR="$ROOT_DIR/models" detect_wsl () { set -e grep -qE "(Microsoft|WSL)" /proc/version &> /dev/null } UNIX_PROCESS_STARTUP_DELAY=1 WSL_PROCESS_STARTUP_DELAY=5 if detect_wsl ; then wait_for_process_launch () { sleep WSL_PROCESS_STARTUP_DELAY } else wait_for_process_launch () { sleep UNIX_PROCESS_STARTUP_DELAY } fi heading () { ruby -e " require '$COMMANDS_DIR/console' Console.heading '$1' " } subheading () { ruby -e " require '$COMMANDS_DIR/console' Console.subheading '$1' " } print_cic_statement() { ruby "$COMMANDS_DIR/cic_banner.rb" } finished () { heading "DONE" } useful directories
110 DATA_DIR="$ROOT_DIR/data" COMMANDS_DIR="$ROOT_DIR/commands" MODELS_DIR="$ROOT_DIR/models" detect_wsl () { set -e grep -qE "(Microsoft|WSL)" /proc/version &> /dev/null } UNIX_PROCESS_STARTUP_DELAY=1 WSL_PROCESS_STARTUP_DELAY=5 if detect_wsl ; then wait_for_process_launch () { sleep WSL_PROCESS_STARTUP_DELAY } else wait_for_process_launch () { sleep UNIX_PROCESS_STARTUP_DELAY } fi heading () { ruby -e " require '$COMMANDS_DIR/console' Console.heading '$1' " } subheading () { ruby -e " require '$COMMANDS_DIR/console' Console.subheading '$1' " } print_cic_statement() { ruby "$COMMANDS_DIR/cic_banner.rb" } finished () { heading "DONE" } WSL can take a long time to launch a Linux process so we check for it and add a longer startup delay for our system to boot
111 DATA_DIR="$ROOT_DIR/data" COMMANDS_DIR="$ROOT_DIR/commands" MODELS_DIR="$ROOT_DIR/models" detect_wsl () { set -e grep -qE "(Microsoft|WSL)" /proc/version &> /dev/null } UNIX_PROCESS_STARTUP_DELAY=1 WSL_PROCESS_STARTUP_DELAY=5 if detect_wsl ; then wait_for_process_launch () { sleep WSL_PROCESS_STARTUP_DELAY } else wait_for_process_launch () { sleep UNIX_PROCESS_STARTUP_DELAY } fi heading () { ruby -e " require '$COMMANDS_DIR/console' Console.heading '$1' " } subheading () { ruby -e " require '$COMMANDS_DIR/console' Console.subheading '$1' " } print_cic_statement() { ruby "$COMMANDS_DIR/cic_banner.rb" } finished () { heading "DONE" } each of these is a string containing Ruby code to be executed by the interpreter
112 RUBY_DIR="$ROOT_DIR/ruby" source scripts/basics.sh # http_requests will print headers and response body along with stack dumps # if the env variable DEBUG_HTTP_REQUESTS exists ruby_web_client () { local program=$1 ruby -e " require 'json' require '$CLIENTS_DIR/web' $program " } http_request () { local version=$1 local method=$2 local address=$3 local endpoint=$4 local request_body=$5 ruby_web_client " if ENV['DEBUG_HTTP_REQUESTS'] response = WebClient.$method($version, '$address', endpoint = $endpoint) do |req| puts 'REQUEST:' puts $request_body $request_body end puts 'RESPONSE:' response.each_header do |k, v| puts "#{k}: #{v}" end puts "body: #{response.body}" puts else WebClient.$method($version, '$address', endpoint = $endpoint) do |req| $request_body end rescue nil end " } use local to give shell function parameters meaningful names
113 RUBY_DIR="$ROOT_DIR/ruby" source scripts/basics.sh # http_requests will print headers and response body along with stack dumps # if the env variable DEBUG_HTTP_REQUESTS exists ruby_web_client () { local program=$1 ruby -e " require 'json' require '$CLIENTS_DIR/web' $program " } http_request () { local version=$1 local method=$2 local address=$3 local endpoint=$4 local request_body=$5 ruby_web_client " if ENV['DEBUG_HTTP_REQUESTS'] response = WebClient.$method($version, '$address', endpoint = $endpoint) do |req| puts 'REQUEST:' puts $request_body $request_body end puts 'RESPONSE:' response.each_header do |k, v| puts "#{k}: #{v}" end puts "body: #{response.body}" puts else WebClient.$method($version, '$address', endpoint = $endpoint) do |req| $request_body end rescue nil end " } shell variables are strings this allows us to pass in a ruby program as a string which will then be injected into this string as a text replacement
114 RUBY_DIR="$ROOT_DIR/ruby" source scripts/basics.sh # http_requests will print headers and response body along with stack dumps # if the env variable DEBUG_HTTP_REQUESTS exists ruby_web_client () { local program=$1 ruby -e " require 'json' require '$CLIENTS_DIR/web' $program " } http_request () { local version=$1 local method=$2 local address=$3 local endpoint=$4 local request_body=$5 ruby_web_client " if ENV['DEBUG_HTTP_REQUESTS'] response = WebClient.$method($version, '$address', endpoint = $endpoint) do |req| puts 'REQUEST:' puts $request_body $request_body end puts 'RESPONSE:' response.each_header do |k, v| puts "#{k}: #{v}" end puts "body: #{response.body}" puts else WebClient.$method($version, '$address', endpoint = $endpoint) do |req| $request_body end rescue nil end " } here we use it to make an HTTP call using our Ruby WebClient object
115 #!/bin/bash # (c) 2018 Innovative Identity Solutions Limited # all rights reserved source scripts/ruby_web_api.sh print_cic_statement BASE_SERVICE_PORT=9000 source ./infrastructure.sh while getopts b:v:sh option do case "${option}" in h) echo echo "This script launches the infrastructure for user registration and interaction." echo "For each user and the oracle it creates a running web service." echo "It initialises the database when it runs." echo echo "Usage:" echo " ./demo.sh -b bearer-name -v validator-name" echo " ./demo.sh -h" echo " ./demo.sh -s" exit 0 ;; b) BEARER=${OPTARG};; v) VALIDATOR=${OPTARG};; s) shutdown $DOMAIN_ADDRESS;; esac done if [ -z ${BEARER+x} ]; then echo "specify bearer name with -b"; exit 1 fi if [ -z ${VALIDATOR+x} ]; then echo "specify validator name with -v"; exit 2 fi scripts/startup.sh $BASE_SERVICE_PORT heading "Launching bearer devices" launch_bearer $BEAR_SERVICE $BEARER "bear.jpg" launch_bearer $VAL_SERVICE $VALIDATOR "val.jpg" launch our service network
116 source scripts/ruby_web_api.sh if [ $# -ne 1 ]; then echo echo "This script launches an identity infrastructure baselined at the specified port address." echo echo "Usage:" echo " ./startup.sh base-port" exit 1 fi BASE_SERVICE_PORT=$1 source ./infrastructure.sh heading "Creating Service Infrastructure" echo " DOMAIN_ADDRESS = $DOMAIN_ADDRESS" echo " LOGGING_ADDRESS = $LOGGING_ADDRESS" echo " SECURE_STORE_ADDRESS = $SECURE_STORE_ADDRESS" echo " REGISTRY_ADDRESS = $REGISTRY_ADDRESS" echo " ORACLE_ADDRESS = $ORACLE_ADDRESS" echo " BEAR_ADDRESS = $BEAR_ADDRESS" echo " VAL_ADDRESS = $VAL_ADDRESS" create_registry launch_domain $DOMAIN_ADDRESS sleep 1 launch_service logging $LOGGING_ADDRESS launch_service secure_store $SECURE_STORE_ADDRESS launch_service registry $REGISTRY_ADDRESS launch_service oracle $ORACLE_ADDRESS
117 ROOT_DIR=`pwd` REGISTRY_DIR="$ROOT_DIR/registry" COMMANDS_DIR="$ROOT_DIR/commands" MODELS_DIR="$ROOT_DIR/models" create_registry () { subheading "create registry" rm -Rf "$REGISTRY_DIR" mkdir -p "$REGISTRY_DIR" pushd "$REGISTRY_DIR" ruby -e " require '$MODELS_DIR/oracle' require '$COMMANDS_DIR/encryption' Console.section 'Create $REGISTRY_DIR/Oracle.db' do oracle = Models::Oracle.new Console.section 'Create User Zero' do key = Encryption::create_rsa_key filename: 'keyzero.pem', save_to_disk: true digest = OpenSSL::Digest::SHA256.new(Base64.encode64 key.to_pem) oracle.keys.insert ID: 0, Label: '::1', Key: key.public_key.to_pem, Checksum: ENV['USE_AMALGALITE'] ? digest : digest.to_s Console.display_records oracle, :Keys end end " popd } create_user_database () { local database_dir="$REGISTRY_DIR/$1" local selfie="$ROOT_DIR/$2" heading "create user database: $database_dir" mkdir -p "$database_dir" pushd "$database_dir" ln -s "$REGISTRY_DIR/oracle.db" "$database_dir" ln -s "$selfie" "$database_dir" popd "$database_dir" } we can directly use Ruby's OpenSSL wrapper as well as our own API over that
118 ROOT_DIR=`pwd` REGISTRY_DIR="$ROOT_DIR/registry" COMMANDS_DIR="$ROOT_DIR/commands" MODELS_DIR="$ROOT_DIR/models" create_registry () { subheading "create registry" rm -Rf "$REGISTRY_DIR" mkdir -p "$REGISTRY_DIR" pushd "$REGISTRY_DIR" ruby -e " require '$MODELS_DIR/oracle' require '$COMMANDS_DIR/encryption' Console.section 'Create $REGISTRY_DIR/Oracle.db' do oracle = Models::Oracle.new Console.section 'Create User Zero' do key = Encryption::create_rsa_key filename: 'keyzero.pem', save_to_disk: true digest = OpenSSL::Digest::SHA256.new(Base64.encode64 key.to_pem) oracle.keys.insert ID: 0, Label: '::1', Key: key.public_key.to_pem, Checksum: ENV['USE_AMALGALITE'] ? digest : digest.to_s Console.display_records oracle, :Keys end end " popd } create_user_database () { local database_dir="$REGISTRY_DIR/$1" local selfie="$ROOT_DIR/$2" heading "create user database: $database_dir" mkdir -p "$database_dir" pushd "$database_dir" ln -s "$REGISTRY_DIR/oracle.db" "$database_dir" ln -s "$selfie" "$database_dir" popd "$database_dir" } we're also able to use SQLite via Amalgalite which compiles it as an in-process extension
119 #!/bin/bash # (c) 2018 Innovative Identity Solutions Limited # all rights reserved source scripts/ruby_web_api.sh print_cic_statement BASE_SERVICE_PORT=9000 source ./infrastructure.sh while getopts b:v:sh option do case "${option}" in h) echo echo "This script launches the infrastructure for user registration and interaction." echo "For each user and the oracle it creates a running web service." echo "It initialises the database when it runs." echo echo "Usage:" echo " ./demo.sh -b bearer-name -v validator-name" echo " ./demo.sh -h" echo " ./demo.sh -s" exit 0 ;; b) BEARER=${OPTARG};; v) VALIDATOR=${OPTARG};; s) shutdown $DOMAIN_ADDRESS;; esac done if [ -z ${BEARER+x} ]; then echo "specify bearer name with -b"; exit 1 fi if [ -z ${VALIDATOR+x} ]; then echo "specify validator name with -v"; exit 2 fi scripts/startup.sh $BASE_SERVICE_PORT heading "Launching bearer devices" launch_bearer $BEAR_SERVICE $BEARER "bear.jpg" launch_bearer $VAL_SERVICE $VALIDATOR "val.jpg" to create Ruby web services
120 source "$SCRIPTS_DIR/ruby_web_client.sh" launch_ruby_service () { local service=$1 local address=$2 local directory="$REGISTRY_DIR$3" local command_key=$4 pushd "$directory" ADDRESS="$address" COMMAND_KEY="$command_key" ruby "$SERVICES_DIR/$service""_service.rb" & wait_for_process_launch popd } launch_service () { local service=$1 local address=$2 local command_key=$3 local service_name="$service""_service" http_request :v1 post $DOMAIN_ADDRESS :A " req.set_form_data name: '$service_name', address: '$address'" launch_ruby_service "$service" "$address" "" "$command_key" } halt_service () { local version=$1 local address=$2 local command_key=$3 http_request :v1 shutdown $address nil "req.body = '$command_key'" } launch_bearer () { local port="$1" local name="$2" local selfie="$3" local command_key="$4" create_user_database "$name" "$selfie" pushd "$REGISTRY_DIR/$name" PORT="$port" COMMAND_KEY="$command_key" ruby "$SERVICES_DIR/bearer_service.rb" & sleep 1 popd } we need this to make web requests
121 source "$SCRIPTS_DIR/ruby_web_client.sh" launch_ruby_service () { local service=$1 local address=$2 local directory="$REGISTRY_DIR$3" local command_key=$4 pushd "$directory" ADDRESS="$address" COMMAND_KEY="$command_key" ruby "$SERVICES_DIR/$service""_service.rb" & wait_for_process_launch popd } launch_service () { local service=$1 local address=$2 local command_key=$3 local service_name="$service""_service" http_request :v1 post $DOMAIN_ADDRESS :A " req.set_form_data name: '$service_name', address: '$address'" launch_ruby_service "$service" "$address" "" "$command_key" } halt_service () { local version=$1 local address=$2 local command_key=$3 http_request :v1 shutdown $address nil "req.body = '$command_key'" } launch_bearer () { local port="$1" local name="$2" local selfie="$3" local command_key="$4" create_user_database "$name" "$selfie" pushd "$REGISTRY_DIR/$name" PORT="$port" COMMAND_KEY="$command_key" ruby "$SERVICES_DIR/bearer_service.rb" & sleep 1 popd } we can also start Ruby programs with dynamically set Environment Variables to configure them
122 source "$SCRIPTS_DIR/ruby_web_client.sh" launch_ruby_service () { local service=$1 local address=$2 local directory="$REGISTRY_DIR$3" local command_key=$4 pushd "$directory" ADDRESS="$address" COMMAND_KEY="$command_key" ruby "$SERVICES_DIR/$service""_service.rb" & wait_for_process_launch popd } launch_service () { local service=$1 local address=$2 local command_key=$3 local service_name="$service""_service" http_request :v1 post $DOMAIN_ADDRESS :A " req.set_form_data name: '$service_name', address: '$address'" launch_ruby_service "$service" "$address" "" "$command_key" } halt_service () { local version=$1 local address=$2 local command_key=$3 http_request :v1 shutdown $address nil "req.body = '$command_key'" } launch_bearer () { local port="$1" local name="$2" local selfie="$3" local command_key="$4" create_user_database "$name" "$selfie" pushd "$REGISTRY_DIR/$name" PORT="$port" COMMAND_KEY="$command_key" ruby "$SERVICES_DIR/bearer_service.rb" & sleep 1 popd } for each credential bearer in our system we can launch a custom ruby process in the background to handle their behaviour
123 known by their works Love is a poet, love sings the songs Pointing his fi nger you follow along Voices are calling, The monster wants out of you Paws you and claws you, you try not to fall - The Beast, Concrete Blonde
124 ● I have mixed feelings on patents ● I filed some, and selling the IP paid for several years of research ● it also means people can see what I do ● but the process can be complicated ● and many patents suck The Agony & The Ecstasy
125 ● original inventions ● not preexisting in nature - except biotech ● no maths - unless it's software and you're in the US ● must have a concrete implementation ● cannot have been published before What Can We Patent? Dell? Mac? WTF?!?!
126 ● inventors have to publish how their invention works - except Marconi? ● the patent provides a fixed term monopoly ● but the description of the invention is in the public domain ● only granted claims are enforceable Why Should We Patent? Nikola Tesla!
127 github://feyeleanor slideshare://feyeleanor leanpub://GoNotebook https://shayk.online:3000 http://inidsol.uk

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[2023] Putting the R! in R&D.pdf

  • 1. 1 Eleanor McHugh co-founder @ InIdSol https://inidsol.uk https://shayk.online x://@feyeleanor leanpub://GoNotebook slideshare://feyeleanor linkedin://in/eleanormchugh putting the R! in R&D Rough Cut
  • 2. 2 solving puzzles the hard way Elric sent his mind into twisting tunnels of logic, across endless plains of ideas, through mountains of symbolism and endless universes of alternate truths; he sent his mind out further and further and as it went he sent with it the words [...] words that few of his contemporaries would understand... - Elric of Melniboné, Michael Moorcock
  • 3. 3 solving puzzles the hard way: the ratio of squares inscribe a circle inside a square ao the circle touches the sides at their midpoint inscribe a square ai inside the circle its vertices touch the circumference ai ao
  • 4. 4 2r 2πr 2r ai ao solving puzzles the hard way: the ratio of squares we know a lot about circles their diameter is twice their radius r and their circumference is 2πr
  • 5. 5 y πd d x ai = (2y)2 ao = d2 ai ao solving puzzles the hard way: the ratio of squares and we know a lot about squares such as their area being the square of the length of one side this allows us to express the areas of the two squares in terms of d and y
  • 6. 6 y πd d x ai = 4y2 ao = d2 ai ao solving puzzles the hard way: the ratio of squares
  • 7. 7 y πd d x ai = 4y2 ao = (2x + 2y)2 ai ao solving puzzles the hard way: the ratio of squares
  • 8. 8 y πd d x ai = 4y2 ao = 4x2 + 8xy + 4y2 ai ao solving puzzles the hard way: the ratio of squares
  • 9. 9 y πd d x ai = 4y2 ao = 4x2 + 8xy + 4y2 ai ao solving puzzles the hard way: the ratio of squares note that the calculation of ao includes ai which is interesting but not directly helpful in calculating the ratio of ao to ai however this still leaves us to figure out both x and y which isn't particularly useful
  • 10. 10 y πd d x ai ao solving puzzles the hard way: the ratio of squares however we can reframe this problem if we bisect ai along the line formed by opposing vertices we find that this has shares the length d - the circle diameter d
  • 11. 11 y πd d x h2 = o2 + a2 d2 = (2y)2 + (2y)2 ai ao solving puzzles the hard way: the ratio of squares and by applying the pythagorean theorem we can calculate d in terms of y d
  • 12. 12 y πd d x h2 = o2 + a2 d2 = 4y2 + 4y2 ai ao solving puzzles the hard way: the ratio of squares d
  • 13. 13 y πd d x h2 = o2 + a2 d2 = 8y2 ai ao solving puzzles the hard way: the ratio of squares d
  • 14. 14 y πd d x ao = 8y2 ai = (2y)2 ai ao solving puzzles the hard way: the ratio of squares d
  • 15. 15 y πd d x ao = 8y2 ai = 4y2 ai ao solving puzzles the hard way: the ratio of squares d
  • 16. 16 y πd d x ao : ai = 8 : 4 ao : ai = 2 : 1 ai ao solving puzzles the hard way: the ratio of squares so ao is twice the area of ai d
  • 17. 17 *blink* A clever person solves a problem. A wise person avoids it. - Albert Einstein
  • 18. 18 *blink*: the ratio of squares algebra is a rational tool that can solve many problems by brute force however when you study a problem domain in depth you start to develop intuitions - ways of identifying shortcuts to the answer you're after ai ao d
  • 19. 19 *blink*: the ratio of squares algebra is a rational tool that can solve many problems by brute force however when you study a problem domain in depth you start to develop intuitions - ways of identifying shortcuts to the answer you're after ai ao d
  • 20. 20 *blink*: the ratio of squares if in this case we rotate ai by 45° ao ai d
  • 21. 21 *blink*: the ratio of squares we can see that the area of ao must be twice the area of ai ao ai
  • 22. 22 *blink*: the ratio of squares a y y d 2 2 Y 6 842 I s d from d 2 24 g a e 12 4 2 84 442 v using 8112 4 2 84 442 Sino I 242 42 2 4 42 x 2 4 42 0 Cos ay Sino sin450 sin450 tano Ia seco ha I E ai y coseco to ay de di 442 14472 242 12 8,2 do de 90 8 2 Sin II do Cos 450 I g 2 tan450 1 sin900 1 Cos 900 0 tango undefined
  • 24. 24 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 applied physics, microelectronics, & computing 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
  • 25. 25 ● for a particle with few degrees of freedom, its position x and its momentum p cannot both be determined at the same time ● Schrödinger's cat sums up the weirdness of this Uncertain Quanta Heisenberg Schrödinger
  • 26. 26 ● at the smallest scale things behave as if distance doesn't exist ● at the largest scale nothing can move faster then the speed of light ● which is more true? ● wormholes! ● time travel! ● (and conspiracies!!!) Locality & The Real Bell Einstein, Rosen, Podolsky
  • 27. 27 Incomplete Mathematics see https://www.quantamagazine.org/how-godels-proof-works-20200714/ ● Gödel vs formal methods ● any formal system able to do elementary arithmetic is either inconsistent or incomplete ● any formal system able to express its own consistency can prove its own consistency if and only if it is inconsistent Whitehead & Russell Gödel
  • 28. 28 Incomplete Mathematics see https://www.quantamagazine.org/how-godels-proof-works-20200714/ ● Gödel vs formal methods ● any formal system able to do elementary arithmetic is either inconsistent or incomplete ● any formal system able to express its own consistency can prove its own consistency if and only if it is inconsistent
  • 29. 29 ● Turing-Church ● robot reads infinite tape ● applies rules that can overwrite the tape then moves the tape one step left or right ● can compute anything which can be computed ● physical analogue of the Lambda Calculus Universal Machines The input value to be bound to the argument x Substitute the value into the body The body becomes the return value λ x . x ( ) 2 λ 2 . x ( ) λ 2 . 2 ( ) 2 Turing Church
  • 30. 30 ● the study of causal processes and feedback loops ● these loops regulate or control the operation of a system ● feedback can be positive or negative ● used to steer a system towards desired goals Cybernetic Noise
  • 31. 31 ● entropy describes the information contained in a system ● the higher the entropy, the more information that can be contained ● applications in cryptography and telecommunications Information Overload
  • 32. 32 Loose Lips Save Ships ● Bletchley Park GC&CS ● traffic analysis ● Enigma and the Turing electro-mechanical bombe ● Lorenz stream cipher and Colossus, the world's first electronic programmable computer Flowers
  • 33. 33 ● the Memex, an electro- mechanical platform for managing deeply interlinked knowledge ● Project Xanadu a platform for publishing hypertext & hypermedia ● WWW adds typesetting and programmability to hypertext Webs of Meaning Ted Nelson Berners-Lee
  • 34. 34 ● algorithms are tractable to rigorous analysis ● Big O notation - how long an algorithm runs ● or how much memory an algorithm uses ● O(logx n) ● O(nx) ● O(n!) Beyond the Machine in programming, simplicity and clarity ... are not a dispensable luxury, but a crucial matter that decides between success and failure Dijkstra Knuth
  • 35. 35 ● falsifiability as the test of empirical study ● constructivism - the pursuit of knowledge is shaped by social factors ● the methods of one paradigm do not necessarily translate into another paradigm All Life is Problem Solving In so far as a scientific statement speaks about reality, it must be falsifiable; and in so far as it is not falsifiable it does not speak about reality Kuhn Popper
  • 36. 36 that first deep-dive into insanity Love is the ghost haunting your head Love is the killer you thought was your friend Love is the creature who lives in the dark Sneaks up, will stick you And painfully pick you apart - The Beast, Concrete Blonde
  • 37. 37
  • 38. 38
  • 39. 39
  • 40. 40
  • 41. 41 ● stack-based ● programs compose word definitions from a threaded dictionary ● limited type system ● ASM versions are great for embedded systems ● Open Firmware ● gforth ● Factor (functional) Forth
  • 42. 5 2 3 56 76 23 65 .s <7> 5 2 3 56 76 23 65 ok 5 4 + . 9 ok 13 2 / . 6 ok 13 2 mod . 1 ok 3 dup - . 0 ok 2 5 swap / . 2 ok 6 4 5 rot .s <3> 4 5 6 ok 4 0 drop 2 / . 2 ok 1 2 3 nip .s <2> 1 3 ok : square ( n -- n ) dup * ; ok 5 square . 25 ok see square : square dup * ; ok 42 42 = . -1 ok 12 53 = . 0 ok : ?>64 dup 64 > if ." More than" else ." Less than" then ." 64!" ; ok 100 ?>64 More than 64! ok 20 ?>64 Less than 64! ok : squares ( n -- ) 1 do i square loop ; ok 5 squares .s <4> 1 4 9 16 ok : threes ( n n -- ) ?do i . 3 +loop ; ok 15 0 threes 0 3 6 9 12 ok 0 0 threes ok variable age ok 21 age ! ok age @ . 21 ok age ? 21 ok 100 constant WATER-BOILING-POINT ok WATER-BOILING-POINT . 100 ok variable num-array 2 cells allot ok num-array 3 cells erase ok num-array 3 cells 0 fill ok create num-array 64 , 9001 , 1337 , ok 0 cells num-array + ? 64 ok 1 cells num-array + ? 9001 ok : of-arr ( n n -- n ) cells + ; ok num-array 2 of-arr ? 1337 ok 20 num-array 1 of-arr ! ok num-array 1 of-arr ? 20 ok : i-from-rstack ( -- ) 4 0 do r@ . loop ; ok i-from-rstack 0 1 2 3 ok 5 6 4 >r swap r> .s 6 5 4 ok 5 6 4 clearstack ok bye 42 see https://learnxinyminutes.com/docs/forth/
  • 43. 5 2 3 56 76 23 65 .s <7> 5 2 3 56 76 23 65 ok 5 4 + . 9 ok 13 2 / . 6 ok 13 2 mod . 1 ok 3 dup .s cr - . <2> 3 3 0 ok 43
  • 44. 2 5 swap .s <2> 5 2 ok 6 4 5 rot . <3> 4 5 6 ok 4 0 drop 2 / . 2 ok 1 2 3 nip .s <2> 1 3 ok 4 5 6 clearstack .s <0> ok 44
  • 45. : square ( n -- n ) dup * ; ok 5 square . 25 ok see square : square dup * ; ok 45
  • 46. : print-result . cr .s ; 12 42 42 42 = print-result cr = print-result -1 <2> 12 42 0 <0> ok : ?>64 dup 64 > if ." More than" else ." Less than" then ." 64!" ; 100 ?>64 More than 64! ok 20 ?>64 Less than 64! ok 46
  • 47. : squares ( n -- ) 1 do i square loop ; 5 .s .cr squares .s <1> 5 <4> 1 4 9 16 ok : threes ( n n -- ) ?do i 3 +loop ; : reverse-stack ( n*x -- n*x') depth 1 do i roll loop ; : print-stack ( n -- ) depth 0 do . cr loop ; 15 0 threes cr .s cr reverse-stack .s cr print-stack <5> 0 3 6 9 12 ok <5> 12 9 6 3 0 ok 0 3 6 9 12 ok 0 0 threes ok 47
  • 48. variable age ok 21 age ! ok age @ . 21 ok age ? 21 ok 48
  • 49. variable multiplier : multiples ( n n -- ) ?do i multiplier @ +loop ; 3 multiplier ! 20 0 multiples cr .s cr reverse-stack .s <7> 0 3 6 9 12 15 18 <7> 18 15 12 9 6 3 0 ok 2 multiplier ! 20 0 multiples cr .s cr reverse-stack .s <10> 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 <10> 16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 ok 4 multiplier ! 20 0 multiples cr .s cr reverse-stack .s <5> 0 4 8 12 16 <5> 16 12 8 4 0 ok 49
  • 50. : multiples ( n n -- ) ?do i MULTIPLIER +loop ; :1: Undefined word : multiples ( n n -- ) ?do i >>>MULTIPLIER<<< +loop ; Backtrace: $105349A20 throw $10535FC48 no.extensions $10534D358 compiler-notfound1 3 constant MULTIPLIER 20 0 multiples cr .s cr reverse-stack .s <7> 0 3 6 9 12 15 18 <7> 18 15 12 9 6 3 0 ok 4 constant MULTIPLIER redefined MULTIPLIER ok 20 0 multiples cr .s cr reverse-stack .s <7> 0 3 6 9 12 15 18 <7> 18 15 12 9 6 3 0 ok 50
  • 51. variable num-array 2 cells allot ok num-array 3 cells erase num-array 3 cells 0 fill ok create num-array 64 , 9001 , 1337 , ok 0 cells num-array + ? 64 ok 1 cells num-array + ? 9001 ok 51
  • 52. : of-arr ( n n -- n ) cells + ; create num-array 64 , 9001 , 1337 , num-array 2 of-arr ? 1337 ok 20 num-array 2 of-arr ! ok num-array 2 of-arr ? 20 ok 52
  • 53. : i-from-rstack ( -- ) 4 0 do r@ . loop ; i-from-rstack 0 1 2 3 ok 5 6 4 cr .s cr >r .s cr r@ . cr swap .s cr r> .s <3> 5 6 4 <2> 5 6 4 <2> 6 5 <3> 6 5 4 ok 53
  • 54. 54 ● tokenised interpreter ● running on Zilog Z80 ● unstructured code with GOTO and GOSUB ● no UDTs ● simple line editor ● painfully slow execution ● if you can code in this you can probably code in anything Locomotive BASIC
  • 55. 1 REM ****************** 2 REM * Amstrad Forth * 3 REM * by * 4 REM * Stephen Devine * 5 REM ****************** 6 REM 10 REM (c) Computing with the Amstrad 100 REM Initialisation 110 MODE 2:BORDER 13:INK 1,0:INK 0,13 120 forth$=CHR$(12)+"Fred Forth V1.1" 130 OPENOUT "dummy":MEMORY HIMEM-1:CLOSEOUT 140 temp=0:DEFINT a-z 150 DIM w$(130),p(130),beg(40),ff(40),df(40),loop(40),ll(40),li(40) 160 er$(0)="OK":er$(1)="Stack Underflow":er$(2)="Empty Stack" 170 er$(3)=" already defined":er$(4)=" - Illegal variable name":er$(5)=" - Bad Word":er$(6)="Stack Full":er$(7)="Return Stack Full" 180 spmax=100:DIM s(spmax):sp=-1 190 cvn=58:DIM cvoc$(cvn),dsp(cvn,1) 200 FOR i=0 TO cvn:READ cvoc$(i),dsp(i,0),dsp(i,1):NEXT 210 cvoc$(5)="."+CHR$(34) 220 umax=100:vmax=100:DIM uvoc$(umax),uvex$(umax),var$(vmax),var(vmax) 230 uvn=-1:vrn=-1:PRINT forth$:PRINT:PRINT er$(0) 240 ON ERROR GOTO 2530 250 REM Input Commands 260 w$="":er=0:LINE INPUT ln$:IF ln$="" THEN 690 ELSE IF LEN(ln$)>240 THEN PRINT"Line too long":GOTO 260 270 WHILE ASC(ln$)=32:IF LEN(ln$)>1 THEN ln$=RIGHT$(ln$,LEN(ln$)-1):WEND ELSE 690 280 WHILE RIGHT$(ln$,1)=CHR$(32):ln$=LEFT$(ln$,LEN(ln$)-1):WEND 290 ln$=UPPER$(ln$):IF ASC(ln$)=ASC("*") THEN IF LEN(ln$)>1 AND LEFT$(ln$,2)<>"* " THEN GOSUB 1700:IF er THEN 260 ELSE w$="":G$ 300 ln$=ln$+CHR$(32):x$="":q=1:wn=-1:comp=0 310 WHILE q<LEN(ln$) 320 p=q:WHILE MID$(ln$,q,1)<>" ":q=q+1:WEND 330 w$=MID$(ln$,p,q-p):IF w$=":" THEN IF wn=-1 AND RIGHT$(ln$,2)="; " THEN comp=-1:GOTO 640 ELSE PRINT"Bad definition":GOTO 260 340 FOR i=cvn TO 0 STEP-1:IF cvoc$(i)<>w$ THEN NEXT:GOTO 400 350 IF comp THEN IF wn=0 THEN er=3:GOTO 690 360 IF wn>=0 THEN IF w$(wn)="VARIABLE" THEN er=4:GOTO 690 370 x$=x$+CHR$(0)+CHR$(i+14):IF w$<>"."+CHR$(34) THEN 640 55 https://www.cpcwiki.eu/index.php/CWTA_Issue_17_-_May_1986_-_Type-Ins Used under Fair Use for purpose of review and critique
  • 56. 56 1 REM ****************** 2 REM * Amstrad Forth * 3 REM * by * 4 REM * Stephen Devine * 5 REM ****************** 6 REM 10 REM (c) Computing with the Amstrad 100 REM Initialisation 250 REM Input Commands 680 REM Error Routine 710 REM Compile New Word 750 REM Execute Commands 1080 REM Command List 1690 REM Process Editing Commands 2540 REM Data for Core Words Outer Interpreter (tokeniser & parser) Word Compiler (adds entry to dictionary) Inner Interpreter (invoke entries from dictionary) Implemented Primitives Implementation extension words Primitive tokens and stack behaviour
  • 57. 57 100 REM Initialisation 110 MODE 2:BORDER 13:INK 1,0:INK 0,13 120 forth$=CHR$(12)+"Fred Forth V1.1" 130 OPENOUT "dummy":MEMORY HIMEM-1:CLOSEOUT 140 temp=0:DEFINT a-z 150 DIM w$(130),p(130),beg(40),ff(40),df(40),loop(40),ll(40),li(40) 160 er$(0)="OK":er$(1)="Stack Underflow":er$(2)="Empty Stack" 170 er$(3)=" already defined":er$(4)=" - Illegal variable name":er$(5)=" - Bad Word":er$(6)="Stack Full":er$(7)="Return Stack Full" 180 spmax=100:DIM s(spmax):sp=-1 190 cvn=58:DIM cvoc$(cvn),dsp(cvn,1) 200 FOR i=0 TO cvn:READ cvoc$(i),dsp(i,0),dsp(i,1):NEXT 210 cvoc$(5)="."+CHR$(34) 220 umax=100:vmax=100:DIM uvoc$(umax),uvex$(umax),var$(vmax),var(vmax) 230 uvn=-1:vrn=-1:PRINT forth$:PRINT:PRINT er$(0) 240 ON ERROR GOTO 2530 2530 er=6:IF sp>100 THEN sp=100:RESUME NEXT ELSE w$="":RESUME 690 2540 REM Data for Core Words 2550 DATA "!",2,-2,"*",2,-1,"+",2,-1,"-",2,-1,".",0,-1,"?",0,0,"/",2,-1,"/ MOD",2,0,"0<",1,0,"0=",1,0,"<",2,-1 2560 DATA "=",2,-1,">",2,-1,"?",1,-1,"@",1,0,"ABS",1,0,"AND",2,-1,"C@",1,0,"CR",0,0,"DROP",1,-1,"DUP",1,1 2570 DATA "EMIT",1,-1,"KEY",0,1,"MAX",2,-1,"MIN",2,-1,"MINUS",1,0,"MOD",2,-1,"OR",2,-1,"OVER",2,1 2580 DATA "SPACE",0,0,"SPACES",1,-1,"SWAP",2,0,"VARIABLE",1,-1,"XOR",2,-1,"BEGIN",0,0,"UNTIL",1,-1 2590 DATA "WHILE",1,-1,"REPEAT",0,0,"IF",1,-1,"THEN",0,0,"ELSE",0,0,"FORTH",0,0,"CLEAR",0,0,"ROT",3,0,"DO",2, -2,"LOOP",0,0,"I",0,+1 2600 REM Data for Amstrad Words 2610 DATA "CLG",1,-1,"DRAW",2,-2,"DRAWR",2,-2,"FRE",0,1,"MOVE",2,-2,"MOVER",2,-2 2620 DATA "PLOT",2,-2,"PLOTR",2,-2,"RND",0,1,"TEST",2,-1,"TESTR",2,-1,"GRAPEN",1,-1
  • 58. 58 100 REM Initialisation 110 MODE 2:BORDER 13:INK 1,0:INK 0,13 120 forth$=CHR$(12)+"Fred Forth V1.1" 130 OPENOUT "dummy":MEMORY HIMEM-1:CLOSEOUT 140 temp=0:DEFINT a-z 150 DIM w$(130),p(130),beg(40),ff(40),df(40),loop(40),ll(40),li(40) 160 er$(0)="OK":er$(1)="Stack Underflow":er$(2)="Empty Stack" 170 er$(3)=" already defined":er$(4)=" - Illegal variable name":er$(5)=" - Bad Word":er$(6)="Stack Full":er$(7)="Return Stack Full" 180 spmax=100:DIM s(spmax):sp=-1 190 cvn=58:DIM cvoc$(cvn),dsp(cvn,1) 200 FOR i=0 TO cvn:READ cvoc$(i),dsp(i,0),dsp(i,1):NEXT 210 cvoc$(5)="."+CHR$(34) 220 umax=100:vmax=100:DIM uvoc$(umax),uvex$(umax),var$(vmax),var(vmax) 230 uvn=-1:vrn=-1:PRINT forth$:PRINT:PRINT er$(0) 240 ON ERROR GOTO 2530 2530 er=6:IF sp>100 THEN sp=100:RESUME NEXT ELSE w$="":RESUME 690 2540 REM Data for Core Words 2550 DATA "!",2,-2,"*",2,-1,"+",2,-1,"-",2,-1,".",0,-1,"?",0,0,"/",2,-1,"/ MOD",2,0,"0<",1,0,"0=",1,0,"<",2,-1 2560 DATA "=",2,-1,">",2,-1,"?",1,-1,"@",1,0,"ABS",1,0,"AND",2,-1,"C@",1,0,"CR",0,0,"DROP",1,-1,"DUP",1,1 2570 DATA "EMIT",1,-1,"KEY",0,1,"MAX",2,-1,"MIN",2,-1,"MINUS",1,0,"MOD",2,-1,"OR",2,-1,"OVER",2,1 2580 DATA "SPACE",0,0,"SPACES",1,-1,"SWAP",2,0,"VARIABLE",1,-1,"XOR",2,-1,"BEGIN",0,0,"UNTIL",1,-1 2590 DATA "WHILE",1,-1,"REPEAT",0,0,"IF",1,-1,"THEN",0,0,"ELSE",0,0,"FORTH",0,0,"CLEAR",0,0,"ROT",3,0,"DO",2, -2,"LOOP",0,0,"I",0,+1 2600 REM Data for Amstrad Words 2610 DATA "CLG",1,-1,"DRAW",2,-2,"DRAWR",2,-2,"FRE",0,1,"MOVE",2,-2,"MOVER",2,-2 2620 DATA "PLOT",2,-2,"PLOTR",2,-2,"RND",0,1,"TEST",2,-1,"TESTR",2,-1,"GRAPEN",1,-1
  • 59. 59 100 REM Initialisation 110 MODE 2:BORDER 13:INK 1,0:INK 0,13 120 forth$=CHR$(12)+"Fred Forth V1.1" 130 OPENOUT "dummy":MEMORY HIMEM-1:CLOSEOUT 140 temp=0:DEFINT a-z 150 DIM w$(130),p(130),beg(40),ff(40),df(40),loop(40),ll(40),li(40) 160 er$(0)="OK":er$(1)="Stack Underflow":er$(2)="Empty Stack" 170 er$(3)=" already defined":er$(4)=" - Illegal variable name":er$(5)=" - Bad Word":er$(6)="Stack Full":er$(7)="Return Stack Full" 180 spmax=100:DIM s(spmax):sp=-1 190 cvn=58:DIM cvoc$(cvn),dsp(cvn,1) 200 FOR i=0 TO cvn:READ cvoc$(i),dsp(i,0),dsp(i,1):NEXT 210 cvoc$(5)="."+CHR$(34) 220 umax=100:vmax=100:DIM uvoc$(umax),uvex$(umax),var$(vmax),var(vmax) 230 uvn=-1:vrn=-1:PRINT forth$:PRINT:PRINT er$(0) 240 ON ERROR GOTO 2530 2530 er=6:IF sp>100 THEN sp=100:RESUME NEXT ELSE w$="":RESUME 690 2540 REM Data for Core Words 2550 DATA "!",2,-2,"*",2,-1,"+",2,-1,"-",2,-1,".",0,-1,"?",0,0,"/",2,-1,"/ MOD",2,0,"0<",1,0,"0=",1,0,"<",2,-1 2560 DATA "=",2,-1,">",2,-1,"?",1,-1,"@",1,0,"ABS",1,0,"AND",2,-1,"C@",1,0,"CR",0,0,"DROP",1,-1,"DUP",1,1 2570 DATA "EMIT",1,-1,"KEY",0,1,"MAX",2,-1,"MIN",2,-1,"MINUS",1,0,"MOD",2,-1,"OR",2,-1,"OVER",2,1 2580 DATA "SPACE",0,0,"SPACES",1,-1,"SWAP",2,0,"VARIABLE",1,-1,"XOR",2,-1,"BEGIN",0,0,"UNTIL",1,-1 2590 DATA "WHILE",1,-1,"REPEAT",0,0,"IF",1,-1,"THEN",0,0,"ELSE",0,0,"FORTH",0,0,"CLEAR",0,0,"ROT",3,0,"DO",2, -2,"LOOP",0,0,"I",0,+1 2600 REM Data for Amstrad Words 2610 DATA "CLG",1,-1,"DRAW",2,-2,"DRAWR",2,-2,"FRE",0,1,"MOVE",2,-2,"MOVER",2,-2 2620 DATA "PLOT",2,-2,"PLOTR",2,-2,"RND",0,1,"TEST",2,-1,"TESTR",2,-1,"GRAPEN",1,-1
  • 60. 60 100 REM Initialisation 110 MODE 2:BORDER 13:INK 1,0:INK 0,13 120 forth$=CHR$(12)+"Fred Forth V1.1" 130 OPENOUT "dummy":MEMORY HIMEM-1:CLOSEOUT 140 temp=0:DEFINT a-z 150 DIM w$(130),p(130),beg(40),ff(40),df(40),loop(40),ll(40),li(40) 160 er$(0)="OK":er$(1)="Stack Underflow":er$(2)="Empty Stack" 170 er$(3)=" already defined":er$(4)=" - Illegal variable name":er$(5)=" - Bad Word":er$(6)="Stack Full":er$(7)="Return Stack Full" 180 spmax=100:DIM s(spmax):sp=-1 190 cvn=58:DIM cvoc$(cvn),dsp(cvn,1) 200 FOR i=0 TO cvn:READ cvoc$(i),dsp(i,0),dsp(i,1):NEXT 210 cvoc$(5)="."+CHR$(34) 220 umax=100:vmax=100:DIM uvoc$(umax),uvex$(umax),var$(vmax),var(vmax) 230 uvn=-1:vrn=-1:PRINT forth$:PRINT:PRINT er$(0) 240 ON ERROR GOTO 2530 2530 er=6:IF sp>100 THEN sp=100:RESUME NEXT ELSE w$="":RESUME 690 2540 REM Data for Core Words 2550 DATA "!",2,-2,"*",2,-1,"+",2,-1,"-",2,-1,".",0,-1,"?",0,0,"/",2,-1,"/ MOD",2,0,"0<",1,0,"0=",1,0,"<",2,-1 2560 DATA "=",2,-1,">",2,-1,"?",1,-1,"@",1,0,"ABS",1,0,"AND",2,-1,"C@",1,0,"CR",0,0,"DROP",1,-1,"DUP",1,1 2570 DATA "EMIT",1,-1,"KEY",0,1,"MAX",2,-1,"MIN",2,-1,"MINUS",1,0,"MOD",2,-1,"OR",2,-1,"OVER",2,1 2580 DATA "SPACE",0,0,"SPACES",1,-1,"SWAP",2,0,"VARIABLE",1,-1,"XOR",2,-1,"BEGIN",0,0,"UNTIL",1,-1 2590 DATA "WHILE",1,-1,"REPEAT",0,0,"IF",1,-1,"THEN",0,0,"ELSE",0,0,"FORTH",0,0,"CLEAR",0,0,"ROT",3,0,"DO",2, -2,"LOOP",0,0,"I",0,+1 2600 REM Data for Amstrad Words 2610 DATA "CLG",1,-1,"DRAW",2,-2,"DRAWR",2,-2,"FRE",0,1,"MOVE",2,-2,"MOVER",2,-2 2620 DATA "PLOT",2,-2,"PLOTR",2,-2,"RND",0,1,"TEST",2,-1,"TESTR",2,-1,"GRAPEN",1,-1
  • 61. 61 100 REM Initialisation 110 MODE 2:BORDER 13:INK 1,0:INK 0,13 120 forth$=CHR$(12)+"Fred Forth V1.1" 130 OPENOUT "dummy":MEMORY HIMEM-1:CLOSEOUT 140 temp=0:DEFINT a-z 150 DIM w$(130),p(130),beg(40),ff(40),df(40),loop(40),ll(40),li(40) 160 er$(0)="OK":er$(1)="Stack Underflow":er$(2)="Empty Stack" 170 er$(3)=" already defined":er$(4)=" - Illegal variable name":er$(5)=" - Bad Word":er$(6)="Stack Full":er$(7)="Return Stack Full" 180 spmax=100:DIM s(spmax):sp=-1 190 cvn=58:DIM cvoc$(cvn),dsp(cvn,1) 200 FOR i=0 TO cvn:READ cvoc$(i),dsp(i,0),dsp(i,1):NEXT 210 cvoc$(5)="."+CHR$(34) 220 umax=100:vmax=100:DIM uvoc$(umax),uvex$(umax),var$(vmax),var(vmax) 230 uvn=-1:vrn=-1:PRINT forth$:PRINT:PRINT er$(0) 240 ON ERROR GOTO 2530 2530 er=6:IF sp>100 THEN sp=100:RESUME NEXT ELSE w$="":RESUME 690 2540 REM Data for Core Words 2550 DATA "!",2,-2,"*",2,-1,"+",2,-1,"-",2,-1,".",0,-1,"?",0,0,"/",2,-1,"/ MOD",2,0,"0<",1,0,"0=",1,0,"<",2,-1 2560 DATA "=",2,-1,">",2,-1,"?",1,-1,"@",1,0,"ABS",1,0,"AND",2,-1,"C@",1,0,"CR",0,0,"DROP",1,-1,"DUP",1,1 2570 DATA "EMIT",1,-1,"KEY",0,1,"MAX",2,-1,"MIN",2,-1,"MINUS",1,0,"MOD",2,-1,"OR",2,-1,"OVER",2,1 2580 DATA "SPACE",0,0,"SPACES",1,-1,"SWAP",2,0,"VARIABLE",1,-1,"XOR",2,-1,"BEGIN",0,0,"UNTIL",1,-1 2590 DATA "WHILE",1,-1,"REPEAT",0,0,"IF",1,-1,"THEN",0,0,"ELSE",0,0,"FORTH",0,0,"CLEAR",0,0,"ROT",3,0,"DO",2, -2,"LOOP",0,0,"I",0,+1 2600 REM Data for Amstrad Words 2610 DATA "CLG",1,-1,"DRAW",2,-2,"DRAWR",2,-2,"FRE",0,1,"MOVE",2,-2,"MOVER",2,-2 2620 DATA "PLOT",2,-2,"PLOTR",2,-2,"RND",0,1,"TEST",2,-1,"TESTR",2,-1,"GRAPEN",1,-1
  • 62. 62 100 REM Initialisation 110 MODE 2:BORDER 13:INK 1,0:INK 0,13 120 forth$=CHR$(12)+"Fred Forth V1.1" 130 OPENOUT "dummy":MEMORY HIMEM-1:CLOSEOUT 140 temp=0:DEFINT a-z 150 DIM w$(130),p(130),beg(40),ff(40),df(40),loop(40),ll(40),li(40) 160 er$(0)="OK":er$(1)="Stack Underflow":er$(2)="Empty Stack" 170 er$(3)=" already defined":er$(4)=" - Illegal variable name":er$(5)=" - Bad Word":er$(6)="Stack Full":er$(7)="Return Stack Full" 180 spmax=100:DIM s(spmax):sp=-1 190 cvn=58:DIM cvoc$(cvn),dsp(cvn,1) 200 FOR i=0 TO cvn:READ cvoc$(i),dsp(i,0),dsp(i,1):NEXT 210 cvoc$(5)="."+CHR$(34) 220 umax=100:vmax=100:DIM uvoc$(umax),uvex$(umax),var$(vmax),var(vmax) 230 uvn=-1:vrn=-1:PRINT forth$:PRINT:PRINT er$(0) 240 ON ERROR GOTO 2530 2530 er=6:IF sp>100 THEN sp=100:RESUME NEXT ELSE w$="":RESUME 690 2540 REM Data for Core Words 2550 DATA "!",2,-2,"*",2,-1,"+",2,-1,"-",2,-1,".",0,-1,"?",0,0,"/",2,-1,"/ MOD",2,0,"0<",1,0,"0=",1,0,"<",2,-1 2560 DATA "=",2,-1,">",2,-1,"?",1,-1,"@",1,0,"ABS",1,0,"AND",2,-1,"C@",1,0,"CR",0,0,"DROP",1,-1,"DUP",1,1 2570 DATA "EMIT",1,-1,"KEY",0,1,"MAX",2,-1,"MIN",2,-1,"MINUS",1,0,"MOD",2,-1,"OR",2,-1,"OVER",2,1 2580 DATA "SPACE",0,0,"SPACES",1,-1,"SWAP",2,0,"VARIABLE",1,-1,"XOR",2,-1,"BEGIN",0,0,"UNTIL",1,-1 2590 DATA "WHILE",1,-1,"REPEAT",0,0,"IF",1,-1,"THEN",0,0,"ELSE",0,0,"FORTH",0,0,"CLEAR",0,0,"ROT",3,0,"DO",2, -2,"LOOP",0,0,"I",0,+1 2600 REM Data for Amstrad Words 2610 DATA "CLG",1,-1,"DRAW",2,-2,"DRAWR",2,-2,"FRE",0,1,"MOVE",2,-2,"MOVER",2,-2 2620 DATA "PLOT",2,-2,"PLOTR",2,-2,"RND",0,1,"TEST",2,-1,"TESTR",2,-1,"GRAPEN",1,-1
  • 63. 63 100 REM Initialisation 110 MODE 2:BORDER 13:INK 1,0:INK 0,13 120 forth$=CHR$(12)+"Fred Forth V1.1" 130 OPENOUT "dummy":MEMORY HIMEM-1:CLOSEOUT 140 temp=0:DEFINT a-z 150 DIM w$(130),p(130),beg(40),ff(40),df(40),loop(40),ll(40),li(40) 160 er$(0)="OK":er$(1)="Stack Underflow":er$(2)="Empty Stack" 170 er$(3)=" already defined":er$(4)=" - Illegal variable name":er$(5)=" - Bad Word":er$(6)="Stack Full":er$(7)="Return Stack Full" 180 spmax=100:DIM s(spmax):sp=-1 190 cvn=58:DIM cvoc$(cvn),dsp(cvn,1) 200 FOR i=0 TO cvn:READ cvoc$(i),dsp(i,0),dsp(i,1):NEXT 210 cvoc$(5)="."+CHR$(34) 220 umax=100:vmax=100:DIM uvoc$(umax),uvex$(umax),var$(vmax),var(vmax) 230 uvn=-1:vrn=-1:PRINT forth$:PRINT:PRINT er$(0) 240 ON ERROR GOTO 2530 2530 er=6:IF sp>100 THEN sp=100:RESUME NEXT ELSE w$="":RESUME 690 2540 REM Data for Core Words 2550 DATA "!",2,-2,"*",2,-1,"+",2,-1,"-",2,-1,".",0,-1,"?",0,0,"/",2,-1,"/ MOD",2,0,"0<",1,0,"0=",1,0,"<",2,-1 2560 DATA "=",2,-1,">",2,-1,"?",1,-1,"@",1,0,"ABS",1,0,"AND",2,-1,"C@",1,0,"CR",0,0,"DROP",1,-1,"DUP",1,1 2570 DATA "EMIT",1,-1,"KEY",0,1,"MAX",2,-1,"MIN",2,-1,"MINUS",1,0,"MOD",2,-1,"OR",2,-1,"OVER",2,1 2580 DATA "SPACE",0,0,"SPACES",1,-1,"SWAP",2,0,"VARIABLE",1,-1,"XOR",2,-1,"BEGIN",0,0,"UNTIL",1,-1 2590 DATA "WHILE",1,-1,"REPEAT",0,0,"IF",1,-1,"THEN",0,0,"ELSE",0,0,"FORTH",0,0,"CLEAR",0,0,"ROT",3,0,"DO",2, -2,"LOOP",0,0,"I",0,+1 2600 REM Data for Amstrad Words 2610 DATA "CLG",1,-1,"DRAW",2,-2,"DRAWR",2,-2,"FRE",0,1,"MOVE",2,-2,"MOVER",2,-2 2620 DATA "PLOT",2,-2,"PLOTR",2,-2,"RND",0,1,"TEST",2,-1,"TESTR",2,-1,"GRAPEN",1,-1
  • 64. 64 100 REM Initialisation 110 MODE 2:BORDER 13:INK 1,0:INK 0,13 120 forth$=CHR$(12)+"Fred Forth V1.1" 130 OPENOUT "dummy":MEMORY HIMEM-1:CLOSEOUT 140 temp=0:DEFINT a-z 150 DIM w$(130),p(130),beg(40),ff(40),df(40),loop(40),ll(40),li(40) 160 er$(0)="OK":er$(1)="Stack Underflow":er$(2)="Empty Stack" 170 er$(3)=" already defined":er$(4)=" - Illegal variable name":er$(5)=" - Bad Word":er$(6)="Stack Full":er$(7)="Return Stack Full" 180 spmax=100:DIM s(spmax):sp=-1 190 cvn=58:DIM cvoc$(cvn),dsp(cvn,1) 200 FOR i=0 TO cvn:READ cvoc$(i),dsp(i,0),dsp(i,1):NEXT 210 cvoc$(5)="."+CHR$(34) 220 umax=100:vmax=100:DIM uvoc$(umax),uvex$(umax),var$(vmax),var(vmax) 230 uvn=-1:vrn=-1:PRINT forth$:PRINT:PRINT er$(0) 240 ON ERROR GOTO 2530 2530 er=6:IF sp>100 THEN sp=100:RESUME NEXT ELSE w$="":RESUME 690 2540 REM Data for Core Words 2550 DATA "!",2,-2,"*",2,-1,"+",2,-1,"-",2,-1,".",0,-1,"?",0,0,"/",2,-1,"/ MOD",2,0,"0<",1,0,"0=",1,0,"<",2,-1 2560 DATA "=",2,-1,">",2,-1,"?",1,-1,"@",1,0,"ABS",1,0,"AND",2,-1,"C@",1,0,"CR",0,0,"DROP",1,-1,"DUP",1,1 2570 DATA "EMIT",1,-1,"KEY",0,1,"MAX",2,-1,"MIN",2,-1,"MINUS",1,0,"MOD",2,-1,"OR",2,-1,"OVER",2,1 2580 DATA "SPACE",0,0,"SPACES",1,-1,"SWAP",2,0,"VARIABLE",1,-1,"XOR",2,-1,"BEGIN",0,0,"UNTIL",1,-1 2590 DATA "WHILE",1,-1,"REPEAT",0,0,"IF",1,-1,"THEN",0,0,"ELSE",0,0,"FORTH",0,0,"CLEAR",0,0,"ROT",3,0,"DO",2, -2,"LOOP",0,0,"I",0,+1 2600 REM Data for Amstrad Words 2610 DATA "CLG",1,-1,"DRAW",2,-2,"DRAWR",2,-2,"FRE",0,1,"MOVE",2,-2,"MOVER",2,-2 2620 DATA "PLOT",2,-2,"PLOTR",2,-2,"RND",0,1,"TEST",2,-1,"TESTR",2,-1,"GRAPEN",1,-1
  • 65. 65 100 REM Initialisation 110 MODE 2:BORDER 13:INK 1,0:INK 0,13 120 forth$=CHR$(12)+"Fred Forth V1.1" 130 OPENOUT "dummy":MEMORY HIMEM-1:CLOSEOUT 140 temp=0:DEFINT a-z 150 DIM w$(130),p(130),beg(40),ff(40),df(40),loop(40),ll(40),li(40) 160 er$(0)="OK":er$(1)="Stack Underflow":er$(2)="Empty Stack" 170 er$(3)=" already defined":er$(4)=" - Illegal variable name":er$(5)=" - Bad Word":er$(6)="Stack Full":er$(7)="Return Stack Full" 180 spmax=100:DIM s(spmax):sp=-1 190 cvn=58:DIM cvoc$(cvn),dsp(cvn,1) 200 FOR i=0 TO cvn:READ cvoc$(i),dsp(i,0),dsp(i,1):NEXT 210 cvoc$(5)="."+CHR$(34) 220 umax=100:vmax=100:DIM uvoc$(umax),uvex$(umax),var$(vmax),var(vmax) 230 uvn=-1:vrn=-1:PRINT forth$:PRINT:PRINT er$(0) 240 ON ERROR GOTO 2530 2530 er=6:IF sp>100 THEN sp=100:RESUME NEXT ELSE w$="":RESUME 690 2540 REM Data for Core Words 2550 DATA "!",2,-2,"*",2,-1,"+",2,-1,"-",2,-1,".",0,-1,"?",0,0,"/",2,-1,"/ MOD",2,0,"0<",1,0,"0=",1,0,"<",2,-1 2560 DATA "=",2,-1,">",2,-1,"?",1,-1,"@",1,0,"ABS",1,0,"AND",2,-1,"C@",1,0,"CR",0,0,"DROP",1,-1,"DUP",1,1 2570 DATA "EMIT",1,-1,"KEY",0,1,"MAX",2,-1,"MIN",2,-1,"MINUS",1,0,"MOD",2,-1,"OR",2,-1,"OVER",2,1 2580 DATA "SPACE",0,0,"SPACES",1,-1,"SWAP",2,0,"VARIABLE",1,-1,"XOR",2,-1,"BEGIN",0,0,"UNTIL",1,-1 2590 DATA "WHILE",1,-1,"REPEAT",0,0,"IF",1,-1,"THEN",0,0,"ELSE",0,0,"FORTH",0,0,"CLEAR",0,0,"ROT",3,0,"DO",2, -2,"LOOP",0,0,"I",0,+1 2600 REM Data for Amstrad Words 2610 DATA "CLG",1,-1,"DRAW",2,-2,"DRAWR",2,-2,"FRE",0,1,"MOVE",2,-2,"MOVER",2,-2 2620 DATA "PLOT",2,-2,"PLOTR",2,-2,"RND",0,1,"TEST",2,-1,"TESTR",2,-1,"GRAPEN",1,-1
  • 66. 66 100 REM Initialisation 110 MODE 2:BORDER 13:INK 1,0:INK 0,13 120 forth$=CHR$(12)+"Fred Forth V1.1" 130 OPENOUT "dummy":MEMORY HIMEM-1:CLOSEOUT 140 temp=0:DEFINT a-z 150 DIM w$(130),p(130),beg(40),ff(40),df(40),loop(40),ll(40),li(40) 160 er$(0)="OK":er$(1)="Stack Underflow":er$(2)="Empty Stack" 170 er$(3)=" already defined":er$(4)=" - Illegal variable name":er$(5)=" - Bad Word":er$(6)="Stack Full":er$(7)="Return Stack Full" 180 spmax=100:DIM s(spmax):sp=-1 190 cvn=58:DIM cvoc$(cvn),dsp(cvn,1) 200 FOR i=0 TO cvn:READ cvoc$(i),dsp(i,0),dsp(i,1):NEXT 210 cvoc$(5)="."+CHR$(34) 220 umax=100:vmax=100:DIM uvoc$(umax),uvex$(umax),var$(vmax),var(vmax) 230 uvn=-1:vrn=-1:PRINT forth$:PRINT:PRINT er$(0) 240 ON ERROR GOTO 2530 2530 er=6:IF sp>100 THEN sp=100:RESUME NEXT ELSE w$="":RESUME 690 2540 REM Data for Core Words 2550 DATA "!",2,-2,"*",2,-1,"+",2,-1,"-",2,-1,".",0,-1,"?",0,0,"/",2,-1,"/ MOD",2,0,"0<",1,0,"0=",1,0,"<",2,-1 2560 DATA "=",2,-1,">",2,-1,"?",1,-1,"@",1,0,"ABS",1,0,"AND",2,-1,"C@",1,0,"CR",0,0,"DROP",1,-1,"DUP",1,1 2570 DATA "EMIT",1,-1,"KEY",0,1,"MAX",2,-1,"MIN",2,-1,"MINUS",1,0,"MOD",2,-1,"OR",2,-1,"OVER",2,1 2580 DATA "SPACE",0,0,"SPACES",1,-1,"SWAP",2,0,"VARIABLE",1,-1,"XOR",2,-1,"BEGIN",0,0,"UNTIL",1,-1 2590 DATA "WHILE",1,-1,"REPEAT",0,0,"IF",1,-1,"THEN",0,0,"ELSE",0,0,"FORTH",0,0,"CLEAR",0,0,"ROT",3,0,"DO",2, -2,"LOOP",0,0,"I",0,+1 2600 REM Data for Amstrad Words 2610 DATA "CLG",1,-1,"DRAW",2,-2,"DRAWR",2,-2,"FRE",0,1,"MOVE",2,-2,"MOVER",2,-2 2620 DATA "PLOT",2,-2,"PLOTR",2,-2,"RND",0,1,"TEST",2,-1,"TESTR",2,-1,"GRAPEN",1,-1
  • 68. 68 250 REM Input Commands 260 w$="":er=0:LINE INPUT ln$:IF ln$="" THEN 690 ELSE IF LEN(ln$)>240 THEN PRINT"Line too long":GOTO 260 270 WHILE ASC(ln$)=32:IF LEN(ln$)>1 THEN ln$=RIGHT$(ln$,LEN(ln$)-1):WEND ELSE 690 280 WHILE RIGHT$(ln$,1)=CHR$(32):ln$=LEFT$(ln$,LEN(ln$)-1):WEND 290 ln$=UPPER$(ln$):IF ASC(ln$)=ASC("*") THEN IF LEN(ln$)>1 AND LEFT$(ln$,2)<>"* " THEN GOSUB 1700:IF er THEN 260 ELSE w$="":GOTO 690 300 ln$=ln$+CHR$(32):x$="":q=1:wn=-1:comp=0 310 WHILE q<LEN(ln$) 320 p=q:WHILE MID$(ln$,q,1)<>" ":q=q+1:WEND 330 w$=MID$(ln$,p,q-p):IF w$=":" THEN IF wn=-1 AND RIGHT$(ln$,2)="; " THEN comp=-1:GOTO 640 ELSE PRINT"Bad definition":GOTO 260 340 FOR i=cvn TO 0 STEP-1:IF cvoc$(i)<>w$ THEN NEXT:GOTO 400 680 REM Error Routine 690 IF POS(#0)>1 THEN PRINT CHR$(32); 700 PRINT w$;er$(er):GOTO 260
  • 69. 69 270 WHILE ASC(ln$)=32:IF LEN(ln$)>1 THEN ln$=RIGHT$(ln$,LEN(ln$)-1):WEND ELSE 690 280 WHILE RIGHT$(ln$,1)=CHR$(32):ln$=LEFT$(ln$,LEN(ln$)-1):WEND 290 ln$=UPPER$(ln$):IF ASC(ln$)=ASC("*") THEN IF LEN(ln$)>1 AND LEFT$(ln$,2)<>"* " THEN GOSUB 1700:IF er THEN 260 ELSE w$="":GOTO 690 300 ln$=ln$+CHR$(32):x$="":q=1:wn=-1:comp=0 310 WHILE q<LEN(ln$) 320 p=q:WHILE MID$(ln$,q,1)<>" ":q=q+1:WEND 330 w$=MID$(ln$,p,q-p):IF w$=":" THEN IF wn=-1 AND RIGHT$(ln$,2)="; " THEN comp=-1:GOTO 640 ELSE PRINT"Bad definition":GOTO 260 340 FOR i=cvn TO 0 STEP-1:IF cvoc$(i)<>w$ THEN NEXT:GOTO 400 350 IF comp THEN IF wn=0 THEN er=3:GOTO 690 360 IF wn>=0 THEN IF w$(wn)="VARIABLE" THEN er=4:GOTO 690 370 x$=x$+CHR$(0)+CHR$(i+14):IF w$<>"."+CHR$(34) THEN 640 380 te=INSTR(q,ln$,CHR$(34)+CHR$(32)):IF te=0 THEN PRINT".";CHR$(34);" without ";CHR$(34):GOTO 260 390 x$=x$+MID$(ln$,q+1,te-q-1)+CHR$(4):q=te+1:GOTO 640 400 FOR i=uvn TO 0 STEP-1:IF uvoc$(i)<>w$ THEN NEXT:GOTO 440 410 IF comp THEN IF wn=0 THEN er=3:GOTO 690 420 IF wn>=0 THEN IF w$(wn)="VARIABLE" THEN er=4:GOTO 690 430 x$=x$+CHR$(1)+CHR$(i+14):GOTO 640 440 FOR i=vrn TO 0 STEP-1:IF var$(i)<>w$ THEN NEXT:GOTO 480 450 IF comp THEN IF wn=0 THEN er=3:GOTO 690 460 IF wn>=0 THEN IF w$(wn)="VARIABLE" THEN er=3:GOTO 690 470 x$=x$+CHR$(2)+CHR$(i+14):GOTO 640 480 FOR i=1 TO LEN(w$) 490 IF i=1 AND (ASC(w$)=ASC("+") OR ASC(w$)=ASC("-")) AND LEN(w$)>1 THEN 510 500 IF MID$(w$,i,1)<"0" OR MID$(w$,i,1)>"9" THEN 560 510 NEXT i 520 IF comp AND wn=0 THEN er=5:GOTO 690 530 IF wn>=0 THEN IF w$(wn)="VARIABLE" THEN er=5:GOTO 690 540 IF VAL(w$)>32767 OR VAL(w$)<-32767 THEN PRINT"Number ";w$;" too large":GOTO 260 550 x$=x$+CHR$(3)+w$+CHR$(4):GOTO 640 560 IF wn<0 THEN 590 ELSE IF w$(wn)<>"VARIABLE" THEN 590 570 IF comp AND w$=w$(1) THEN er=3:GOTO 690 580 x$=x$+w$+CHR$(4):GOTO 640 590 IF w$<>";" THEN 610 600 IF comp=0 OR q<>LEN(ln$) THEN PRINT"Illegal semi-colon":GOTO 260 ELSE 640 610 IF comp THEN IF wn=0 THEN 640 620 IF comp THEN IF w$<>w$(1) THEN er=5:GOTO 690 ELSE x$=x$+CHR$(1)+CHR$(uvn+15):GOTO 640 630 er=5:GOTO 690 640 wn=wn+1:w$(wn)=w$ 650 WHILE MID$(ln$,q,1)=" ":q=q+1:WEND 660 WEND 670 x$=x$+CHR$(13):IF comp THEN 720 ELSE 760 produce token stream
  • 70. 70 270 WHILE ASC(ln$)=32:IF LEN(ln$)>1 THEN ln$=RIGHT$(ln$,LEN(ln$)-1):WEND ELSE 690 280 WHILE RIGHT$(ln$,1)=CHR$(32):ln$=LEFT$(ln$,LEN(ln$)-1):WEND 290 ln$=UPPER$(ln$):IF ASC(ln$)=ASC("*") THEN IF LEN(ln$)>1 AND LEFT$(ln$,2)<>"* " THEN GOSUB 1700:IF er THEN 260 ELSE w$="":GOTO 690 300 ln$=ln$+CHR$(32):x$="":q=1:wn=-1:comp=0 310 WHILE q<LEN(ln$) 320 p=q:WHILE MID$(ln$,q,1)<>" ":q=q+1:WEND 330 w$=MID$(ln$,p,q-p):IF w$=":" THEN IF wn=-1 AND RIGHT$(ln$,2)="; " THEN comp=-1:GOTO 640 ELSE PRINT"Bad definition":GOTO 260 340 FOR i=cvn TO 0 STEP-1:IF cvoc$(i)<>w$ THEN NEXT:GOTO 400 350 IF comp THEN IF wn=0 THEN er=3:GOTO 690 360 IF wn>=0 THEN IF w$(wn)="VARIABLE" THEN er=4:GOTO 690 370 x$=x$+CHR$(0)+CHR$(i+14):IF w$<>"."+CHR$(34) THEN 640 380 te=INSTR(q,ln$,CHR$(34)+CHR$(32)):IF te=0 THEN PRINT".";CHR$(34);" without ";CHR$(34):GOTO 260 390 x$=x$+MID$(ln$,q+1,te-q-1)+CHR$(4):q=te+1:GOTO 640 400 FOR i=uvn TO 0 STEP-1:IF uvoc$(i)<>w$ THEN NEXT:GOTO 440 410 IF comp THEN IF wn=0 THEN er=3:GOTO 690 420 IF wn>=0 THEN IF w$(wn)="VARIABLE" THEN er=4:GOTO 690 430 x$=x$+CHR$(1)+CHR$(i+14):GOTO 640 440 FOR i=vrn TO 0 STEP-1:IF var$(i)<>w$ THEN NEXT:GOTO 480 450 IF comp THEN IF wn=0 THEN er=3:GOTO 690 460 IF wn>=0 THEN IF w$(wn)="VARIABLE" THEN er=3:GOTO 690 470 x$=x$+CHR$(2)+CHR$(i+14):GOTO 640 480 FOR i=1 TO LEN(w$) 490 IF i=1 AND (ASC(w$)=ASC("+") OR ASC(w$)=ASC("-")) AND LEN(w$)>1 THEN 510 500 IF MID$(w$,i,1)<"0" OR MID$(w$,i,1)>"9" THEN 560 510 NEXT i 520 IF comp AND wn=0 THEN er=5:GOTO 690 530 IF wn>=0 THEN IF w$(wn)="VARIABLE" THEN er=5:GOTO 690 540 IF VAL(w$)>32767 OR VAL(w$)<-32767 THEN PRINT"Number ";w$;" too large":GOTO 260 550 x$=x$+CHR$(3)+w$+CHR$(4):GOTO 640 560 IF wn<0 THEN 590 ELSE IF w$(wn)<>"VARIABLE" THEN 590 570 IF comp AND w$=w$(1) THEN er=3:GOTO 690 580 x$=x$+w$+CHR$(4):GOTO 640 590 IF w$<>";" THEN 610 600 IF comp=0 OR q<>LEN(ln$) THEN PRINT"Illegal semi-colon":GOTO 260 ELSE 640 610 IF comp THEN IF wn=0 THEN 640 620 IF comp THEN IF w$<>w$(1) THEN er=5:GOTO 690 ELSE x$=x$+CHR$(1)+CHR$(uvn+15):GOTO 640 630 er=5:GOTO 690 640 wn=wn+1:w$(wn)=w$ 650 WHILE MID$(ln$,q,1)=" ":q=q+1:WEND 660 WEND 670 x$=x$+CHR$(13):IF comp THEN 720 ELSE 760 look for extension words
  • 71. 71 270 WHILE ASC(ln$)=32:IF LEN(ln$)>1 THEN ln$=RIGHT$(ln$,LEN(ln$)-1):WEND ELSE 690 280 WHILE RIGHT$(ln$,1)=CHR$(32):ln$=LEFT$(ln$,LEN(ln$)-1):WEND 290 ln$=UPPER$(ln$):IF ASC(ln$)=ASC("*") THEN IF LEN(ln$)>1 AND LEFT$(ln$,2)<>"* " THEN GOSUB 1700:IF er THEN 260 ELSE w$="":GOTO 690 300 ln$=ln$+CHR$(32):x$="":q=1:wn=-1:comp=0 310 WHILE q<LEN(ln$) 320 p=q:WHILE MID$(ln$,q,1)<>" ":q=q+1:WEND 330 w$=MID$(ln$,p,q-p):IF w$=":" THEN IF wn=-1 AND RIGHT$(ln$,2)="; " THEN comp=-1:GOTO 640 ELSE PRINT"Bad definition":GOTO 260 340 FOR i=cvn TO 0 STEP-1:IF cvoc$(i)<>w$ THEN NEXT:GOTO 400 350 IF comp THEN IF wn=0 THEN er=3:GOTO 690 360 IF wn>=0 THEN IF w$(wn)="VARIABLE" THEN er=4:GOTO 690 370 x$=x$+CHR$(0)+CHR$(i+14):IF w$<>"."+CHR$(34) THEN 640 380 te=INSTR(q,ln$,CHR$(34)+CHR$(32)):IF te=0 THEN PRINT".";CHR$(34);" without ";CHR$(34):GOTO 260 390 x$=x$+MID$(ln$,q+1,te-q-1)+CHR$(4):q=te+1:GOTO 640 400 FOR i=uvn TO 0 STEP-1:IF uvoc$(i)<>w$ THEN NEXT:GOTO 440 410 IF comp THEN IF wn=0 THEN er=3:GOTO 690 420 IF wn>=0 THEN IF w$(wn)="VARIABLE" THEN er=4:GOTO 690 430 x$=x$+CHR$(1)+CHR$(i+14):GOTO 640 440 FOR i=vrn TO 0 STEP-1:IF var$(i)<>w$ THEN NEXT:GOTO 480 450 IF comp THEN IF wn=0 THEN er=3:GOTO 690 460 IF wn>=0 THEN IF w$(wn)="VARIABLE" THEN er=3:GOTO 690 470 x$=x$+CHR$(2)+CHR$(i+14):GOTO 640 480 FOR i=1 TO LEN(w$) 490 IF i=1 AND (ASC(w$)=ASC("+") OR ASC(w$)=ASC("-")) AND LEN(w$)>1 THEN 510 500 IF MID$(w$,i,1)<"0" OR MID$(w$,i,1)>"9" THEN 560 510 NEXT i 520 IF comp AND wn=0 THEN er=5:GOTO 690 530 IF wn>=0 THEN IF w$(wn)="VARIABLE" THEN er=5:GOTO 690 540 IF VAL(w$)>32767 OR VAL(w$)<-32767 THEN PRINT"Number ";w$;" too large":GOTO 260 550 x$=x$+CHR$(3)+w$+CHR$(4):GOTO 640 560 IF wn<0 THEN 590 ELSE IF w$(wn)<>"VARIABLE" THEN 590 570 IF comp AND w$=w$(1) THEN er=3:GOTO 690 580 x$=x$+w$+CHR$(4):GOTO 640 590 IF w$<>";" THEN 610 600 IF comp=0 OR q<>LEN(ln$) THEN PRINT"Illegal semi-colon":GOTO 260 ELSE 640 610 IF comp THEN IF wn=0 THEN 640 620 IF comp THEN IF w$<>w$(1) THEN er=5:GOTO 690 ELSE x$=x$+CHR$(1)+CHR$(uvn+15):GOTO 640 630 er=5:GOTO 690 640 wn=wn+1:w$(wn)=w$ 650 WHILE MID$(ln$,q,1)=" ":q=q+1:WEND 660 WEND 670 x$=x$+CHR$(13):IF comp THEN 720 ELSE 760 outer interpreter loop
  • 72. 72 270 WHILE ASC(ln$)=32:IF LEN(ln$)>1 THEN ln$=RIGHT$(ln$,LEN(ln$)-1):WEND ELSE 690 280 WHILE RIGHT$(ln$,1)=CHR$(32):ln$=LEFT$(ln$,LEN(ln$)-1):WEND 290 ln$=UPPER$(ln$):IF ASC(ln$)=ASC("*") THEN IF LEN(ln$)>1 AND LEFT$(ln$,2)<>"* " THEN GOSUB 1700:IF er THEN 260 ELSE w$="":GOTO 690 300 ln$=ln$+CHR$(32):x$="":q=1:wn=-1:comp=0 310 WHILE q<LEN(ln$) 320 p=q:WHILE MID$(ln$,q,1)<>" ":q=q+1:WEND 330 w$=MID$(ln$,p,q-p):IF w$=":" THEN IF wn=-1 AND RIGHT$(ln$,2)="; " THEN comp=-1:GOTO 640 ELSE PRINT"Bad definition":GOTO 260 340 FOR i=cvn TO 0 STEP-1:IF cvoc$(i)<>w$ THEN NEXT:GOTO 400 350 IF comp THEN IF wn=0 THEN er=3:GOTO 690 360 IF wn>=0 THEN IF w$(wn)="VARIABLE" THEN er=4:GOTO 690 370 x$=x$+CHR$(0)+CHR$(i+14):IF w$<>"."+CHR$(34) THEN 640 380 te=INSTR(q,ln$,CHR$(34)+CHR$(32)):IF te=0 THEN PRINT".";CHR$(34);" without ";CHR$(34):GOTO 260 390 x$=x$+MID$(ln$,q+1,te-q-1)+CHR$(4):q=te+1:GOTO 640 400 FOR i=uvn TO 0 STEP-1:IF uvoc$(i)<>w$ THEN NEXT:GOTO 440 410 IF comp THEN IF wn=0 THEN er=3:GOTO 690 420 IF wn>=0 THEN IF w$(wn)="VARIABLE" THEN er=4:GOTO 690 430 x$=x$+CHR$(1)+CHR$(i+14):GOTO 640 440 FOR i=vrn TO 0 STEP-1:IF var$(i)<>w$ THEN NEXT:GOTO 480 450 IF comp THEN IF wn=0 THEN er=3:GOTO 690 460 IF wn>=0 THEN IF w$(wn)="VARIABLE" THEN er=3:GOTO 690 470 x$=x$+CHR$(2)+CHR$(i+14):GOTO 640 480 FOR i=1 TO LEN(w$) 490 IF i=1 AND (ASC(w$)=ASC("+") OR ASC(w$)=ASC("-")) AND LEN(w$)>1 THEN 510 500 IF MID$(w$,i,1)<"0" OR MID$(w$,i,1)>"9" THEN 560 510 NEXT i 520 IF comp AND wn=0 THEN er=5:GOTO 690 530 IF wn>=0 THEN IF w$(wn)="VARIABLE" THEN er=5:GOTO 690 540 IF VAL(w$)>32767 OR VAL(w$)<-32767 THEN PRINT"Number ";w$;" too large":GOTO 260 550 x$=x$+CHR$(3)+w$+CHR$(4):GOTO 640 560 IF wn<0 THEN 590 ELSE IF w$(wn)<>"VARIABLE" THEN 590 570 IF comp AND w$=w$(1) THEN er=3:GOTO 690 580 x$=x$+w$+CHR$(4):GOTO 640 590 IF w$<>";" THEN 610 600 IF comp=0 OR q<>LEN(ln$) THEN PRINT"Illegal semi-colon":GOTO 260 ELSE 640 610 IF comp THEN IF wn=0 THEN 640 620 IF comp THEN IF w$<>w$(1) THEN er=5:GOTO 690 ELSE x$=x$+CHR$(1)+CHR$(uvn+15):GOTO 640 630 er=5:GOTO 690 640 wn=wn+1:w$(wn)=w$ 650 WHILE MID$(ln$,q,1)=" ":q=q+1:WEND 660 WEND 670 x$=x$+CHR$(13):IF comp THEN 720 ELSE 760 word definition to compile
  • 73. 73 270 WHILE ASC(ln$)=32:IF LEN(ln$)>1 THEN ln$=RIGHT$(ln$,LEN(ln$)-1):WEND ELSE 690 280 WHILE RIGHT$(ln$,1)=CHR$(32):ln$=LEFT$(ln$,LEN(ln$)-1):WEND 290 ln$=UPPER$(ln$):IF ASC(ln$)=ASC("*") THEN IF LEN(ln$)>1 AND LEFT$(ln$,2)<>"* " THEN GOSUB 1700:IF er THEN 260 ELSE w$="":GOTO 690 300 ln$=ln$+CHR$(32):x$="":q=1:wn=-1:comp=0 310 WHILE q<LEN(ln$) 320 p=q:WHILE MID$(ln$,q,1)<>" ":q=q+1:WEND 330 w$=MID$(ln$,p,q-p):IF w$=":" THEN IF wn=-1 AND RIGHT$(ln$,2)="; " THEN comp=-1:GOTO 640 ELSE PRINT"Bad definition":GOTO 260 340 FOR i=cvn TO 0 STEP-1:IF cvoc$(i)<>w$ THEN NEXT:GOTO 400 350 IF comp THEN IF wn=0 THEN er=3:GOTO 690 360 IF wn>=0 THEN IF w$(wn)="VARIABLE" THEN er=4:GOTO 690 370 x$=x$+CHR$(0)+CHR$(i+14):IF w$<>"."+CHR$(34) THEN 640 380 te=INSTR(q,ln$,CHR$(34)+CHR$(32)):IF te=0 THEN PRINT".";CHR$(34);" without ";CHR$(34):GOTO 260 390 x$=x$+MID$(ln$,q+1,te-q-1)+CHR$(4):q=te+1:GOTO 640 400 FOR i=uvn TO 0 STEP-1:IF uvoc$(i)<>w$ THEN NEXT:GOTO 440 410 IF comp THEN IF wn=0 THEN er=3:GOTO 690 420 IF wn>=0 THEN IF w$(wn)="VARIABLE" THEN er=4:GOTO 690 430 x$=x$+CHR$(1)+CHR$(i+14):GOTO 640 440 FOR i=vrn TO 0 STEP-1:IF var$(i)<>w$ THEN NEXT:GOTO 480 450 IF comp THEN IF wn=0 THEN er=3:GOTO 690 460 IF wn>=0 THEN IF w$(wn)="VARIABLE" THEN er=3:GOTO 690 470 x$=x$+CHR$(2)+CHR$(i+14):GOTO 640 480 FOR i=1 TO LEN(w$) 490 IF i=1 AND (ASC(w$)=ASC("+") OR ASC(w$)=ASC("-")) AND LEN(w$)>1 THEN 510 500 IF MID$(w$,i,1)<"0" OR MID$(w$,i,1)>"9" THEN 560 510 NEXT i 520 IF comp AND wn=0 THEN er=5:GOTO 690 530 IF wn>=0 THEN IF w$(wn)="VARIABLE" THEN er=5:GOTO 690 540 IF VAL(w$)>32767 OR VAL(w$)<-32767 THEN PRINT"Number ";w$;" too large":GOTO 260 550 x$=x$+CHR$(3)+w$+CHR$(4):GOTO 640 560 IF wn<0 THEN 590 ELSE IF w$(wn)<>"VARIABLE" THEN 590 570 IF comp AND w$=w$(1) THEN er=3:GOTO 690 580 x$=x$+w$+CHR$(4):GOTO 640 590 IF w$<>";" THEN 610 600 IF comp=0 OR q<>LEN(ln$) THEN PRINT"Illegal semi-colon":GOTO 260 ELSE 640 610 IF comp THEN IF wn=0 THEN 640 620 IF comp THEN IF w$<>w$(1) THEN er=5:GOTO 690 ELSE x$=x$+CHR$(1)+CHR$(uvn+15):GOTO 640 630 er=5:GOTO 690 640 wn=wn+1:w$(wn)=w$ 650 WHILE MID$(ln$,q,1)=" ":q=q+1:WEND 660 WEND 670 x$=x$+CHR$(13):IF comp THEN 720 ELSE 760 execute "byte code" or add to dictionary check for user defined word check for user defined variable must be a number "byte code" generated for token
  • 74. 74 270 WHILE ASC(ln$)=32:IF LEN(ln$)>1 THEN ln$=RIGHT$(ln$,LEN(ln$)-1):WEND ELSE 690 280 WHILE RIGHT$(ln$,1)=CHR$(32):ln$=LEFT$(ln$,LEN(ln$)-1):WEND 290 ln$=UPPER$(ln$):IF ASC(ln$)=ASC("*") THEN IF LEN(ln$)>1 AND LEFT$(ln$,2)<>"* " THEN GOSUB 1700:IF er THEN 260 ELSE w$="":GOTO 690 300 ln$=ln$+CHR$(32):x$="":q=1:wn=-1:comp=0 310 WHILE q<LEN(ln$) 320 p=q:WHILE MID$(ln$,q,1)<>" ":q=q+1:WEND 330 w$=MID$(ln$,p,q-p):IF w$=":" THEN IF wn=-1 AND RIGHT$(ln$,2)="; " THEN comp=-1:GOTO 640 ELSE PRINT"Bad definition":GOTO 260 340 FOR i=cvn TO 0 STEP-1:IF cvoc$(i)<>w$ THEN NEXT:GOTO 400 350 IF comp THEN IF wn=0 THEN er=3:GOTO 690 360 IF wn>=0 THEN IF w$(wn)="VARIABLE" THEN er=4:GOTO 690 370 x$=x$+CHR$(0)+CHR$(i+14):IF w$<>"."+CHR$(34) THEN 640 380 te=INSTR(q,ln$,CHR$(34)+CHR$(32)):IF te=0 THEN PRINT".";CHR$(34);" without ";CHR$(34):GOTO 260 390 x$=x$+MID$(ln$,q+1,te-q-1)+CHR$(4):q=te+1:GOTO 640 400 FOR i=uvn TO 0 STEP-1:IF uvoc$(i)<>w$ THEN NEXT:GOTO 440 410 IF comp THEN IF wn=0 THEN er=3:GOTO 690 420 IF wn>=0 THEN IF w$(wn)="VARIABLE" THEN er=4:GOTO 690 430 x$=x$+CHR$(1)+CHR$(i+14):GOTO 640 440 FOR i=vrn TO 0 STEP-1:IF var$(i)<>w$ THEN NEXT:GOTO 480 450 IF comp THEN IF wn=0 THEN er=3:GOTO 690 460 IF wn>=0 THEN IF w$(wn)="VARIABLE" THEN er=3:GOTO 690 470 x$=x$+CHR$(2)+CHR$(i+14):GOTO 640 480 FOR i=1 TO LEN(w$) 490 IF i=1 AND (ASC(w$)=ASC("+") OR ASC(w$)=ASC("-")) AND LEN(w$)>1 THEN 510 500 IF MID$(w$,i,1)<"0" OR MID$(w$,i,1)>"9" THEN 560 510 NEXT i 520 IF comp AND wn=0 THEN er=5:GOTO 690 530 IF wn>=0 THEN IF w$(wn)="VARIABLE" THEN er=5:GOTO 690 540 IF VAL(w$)>32767 OR VAL(w$)<-32767 THEN PRINT"Number ";w$;" too large":GOTO 260 550 x$=x$+CHR$(3)+w$+CHR$(4):GOTO 640 560 IF wn<0 THEN 590 ELSE IF w$(wn)<>"VARIABLE" THEN 590 570 IF comp AND w$=w$(1) THEN er=3:GOTO 690 580 x$=x$+w$+CHR$(4):GOTO 640 590 IF w$<>";" THEN 610 600 IF comp=0 OR q<>LEN(ln$) THEN PRINT"Illegal semi-colon":GOTO 260 ELSE 640 610 IF comp THEN IF wn=0 THEN 640 620 IF comp THEN IF w$<>w$(1) THEN er=5:GOTO 690 ELSE x$=x$+CHR$(1)+CHR$(uvn+15):GOTO 640 630 er=5:GOTO 690 640 wn=wn+1:w$(wn)=w$ 650 WHILE MID$(ln$,q,1)=" ":q=q+1:WEND 660 WEND 670 x$=x$+CHR$(13):IF comp THEN 720 ELSE 760 add "byte code" for primitive add "byte code" for user defined word add "byte code" for user defined variable add "byte code" for number compiler mode sanity checks
  • 76. 76 710 REM Compile New Word 720 IF wn<3 THEN PRINT"Insufficient definition":GOTO 260 730 uvn=uvn+1:uvoc$(uvn)=w$(1):uvex$(uvn)=x$ 740 w$="":GOTO 690
  • 77. 77 710 REM Compile New Word 720 IF wn<3 THEN PRINT"Insufficient definition":GOTO 260 730 uvn=uvn+1:uvoc$(uvn)=w$(1):uvex$(uvn)=x$ 740 w$="":GOTO 690
  • 78. 78 710 REM Compile New Word 720 IF wn<3 THEN PRINT"Insufficient definition":GOTO 260 730 uvn=uvn+1:uvoc$(uvn)=w$(1):uvex$(uvn)=x$ 740 w$="":GOTO 690
  • 80. 80 750 REM Execute Commands 760 ln=0:w$(ln)=x$:er=0 770 GOSUB 780:w$="":GOTO 690 780 p(ln)=1:ff(ln)=0:df(ln)=0 790 WHILE MID$(w$(ln),p(ln),1)<>CHR$(13) 800 class=ASC(MID$(w$(ln),p(ln),1)):p(ln)=p(ln)+1 810 IF class<>0 THEN 920 820 word=ASC(MID$(w$(ln),p(ln),1))-14:p(ln)=p(ln)+1 830 IF ff(ln)=0 OR word=37 OR word=39 OR word=40 THEN 860 840 IF word=5 OR word=32 THEN WHILE ASC(MID$(w$(ln),p(ln),1))<>4:p(ln)=p(ln)+1:WEND:p(ln)=p(ln)+1 850 GOTO 1060 860 IF sp+dsp(word,1)<-1 OR sp+dsp(word,1)>spmax THEN er=1:GOTO 1070 870 IF sp-dsp(word,0)<-1 THEN er=2:GOTO 1070 880 sp=sp+dsp(word,1) 890 IF word <43 THEN ON word+1 GOSUB 1090,1110,1120,1130,1140,1150,1160,1170,1180,1190,1200,1210,1220,1230,1240,1250,1260,1270,1280,1290 ,1300,1310,1320,1330,1340,1350,1360,1370,1380,1390,1400,1410,1420,1430,1440,1450,1460,1470,1480,149 0,1500,1510,1520 900 IF word>42 THEN ON word-42 GOSUB 1530,1540,1550,1560,1570,1580,1590,1600,1610,1620,1630,1640,1650,1660,1670,1680 910 IF er=0 THEN 1060 ELSE 1070 920 IF class<>1 THEN 970 930 word=ASC(MID$(w$(ln),p(ln),1))-14:p(ln)=p(ln)+1 940 IF ff(ln) THEN 1060 950 IF ln<34 THEN ln=ln+1:w$(ln)=uvex$(word) ELSE er=7:RETURN 960 GOSUB 780:IF ln=0 OR er=0 THEN 1060 ELSE RETURN 970 IF class<>2 THEN 1010 980 word=ASC(MID$(w$(ln),p(ln),1))-14:p(ln)=p(ln)+1 990 IF ff(ln) THEN 1060 1000 sp=sp+1:s(sp)=@var(word):GOTO 1060 1010 IF class<>3 THEN er=1:GOTO 1070 1020 p=p(ln):WHILE ASC(MID$(w$(ln),p,1))<>4:p=p+1:WEND 1030 v=VAL(MID$(w$(ln),p(ln),p-p(ln)+1)):p(ln)=p+1 1040 IF ff(ln) THEN 1060 1050 sp=sp+1:s(sp)=v 1060 WEND 1070 ln=ln-1:RETURN
  • 81. 81 750 REM Execute Commands 760 ln=0:w$(ln)=x$:er=0 770 GOSUB 780:w$="":GOTO 690 780 p(ln)=1:ff(ln)=0:df(ln)=0 790 WHILE MID$(w$(ln),p(ln),1)<>CHR$(13) 800 class=ASC(MID$(w$(ln),p(ln),1)):p(ln)=p(ln)+1 810 IF class<>0 THEN 920 820 word=ASC(MID$(w$(ln),p(ln),1))-14:p(ln)=p(ln)+1 830 IF ff(ln)=0 OR word=37 OR word=39 OR word=40 THEN 860 840 IF word=5 OR word=32 THEN WHILE ASC(MID$(w$(ln),p(ln),1))<>4:p(ln)=p(ln)+1:WEND:p(ln)=p(ln)+1 850 GOTO 1060 860 IF sp+dsp(word,1)<-1 OR sp+dsp(word,1)>spmax THEN er=1:GOTO 1070 870 IF sp-dsp(word,0)<-1 THEN er=2:GOTO 1070 880 sp=sp+dsp(word,1) 890 IF word <43 THEN ON word+1 GOSUB 1090,1110,1120,1130,1140,1150,1160,1170,1180,1190,1200,1210,1220,1230,1240,1250,1260,1270,1280,1290 ,1300,1310,1320,1330,1340,1350,1360,1370,1380,1390,1400,1410,1420,1430,1440,1450,1460,1470,1480,149 0,1500,1510,1520 900 IF word>42 THEN ON word-42 GOSUB 1530,1540,1550,1560,1570,1580,1590,1600,1610,1620,1630,1640,1650,1660,1670,1680 910 IF er=0 THEN 1060 ELSE 1070 920 IF class<>1 THEN 970 930 word=ASC(MID$(w$(ln),p(ln),1))-14:p(ln)=p(ln)+1 940 IF ff(ln) THEN 1060 950 IF ln<34 THEN ln=ln+1:w$(ln)=uvex$(word) ELSE er=7:RETURN 960 GOSUB 780:IF ln=0 OR er=0 THEN 1060 ELSE RETURN 970 IF class<>2 THEN 1010 980 word=ASC(MID$(w$(ln),p(ln),1))-14:p(ln)=p(ln)+1 990 IF ff(ln) THEN 1060 1000 sp=sp+1:s(sp)=@var(word):GOTO 1060 1010 IF class<>3 THEN er=1:GOTO 1070 1020 p=p(ln):WHILE ASC(MID$(w$(ln),p,1))<>4:p=p+1:WEND 1030 v=VAL(MID$(w$(ln),p(ln),p-p(ln)+1)):p(ln)=p+1 1040 IF ff(ln) THEN 1060 1050 sp=sp+1:s(sp)=v 1060 WEND 1070 ln=ln-1:RETURN these are our execution classes 0 = primitives 1 = user defined word 2 = user defined variable 3 = numbers
  • 82. 82 750 REM Execute Commands 760 ln=0:w$(ln)=x$:er=0 770 GOSUB 780:w$="":GOTO 690 780 p(ln)=1:ff(ln)=0:df(ln)=0 790 WHILE MID$(w$(ln),p(ln),1)<>CHR$(13) 800 class=ASC(MID$(w$(ln),p(ln),1)):p(ln)=p(ln)+1 810 IF class<>0 THEN 920 820 word=ASC(MID$(w$(ln),p(ln),1))-14:p(ln)=p(ln)+1 830 IF ff(ln)=0 OR word=37 OR word=39 OR word=40 THEN 860 840 IF word=5 OR word=32 THEN WHILE ASC(MID$(w$(ln),p(ln),1))<>4:p(ln)=p(ln)+1:WEND:p(ln)=p(ln)+1 850 GOTO 1060 860 IF sp+dsp(word,1)<-1 OR sp+dsp(word,1)>spmax THEN er=1:GOTO 1070 870 IF sp-dsp(word,0)<-1 THEN er=2:GOTO 1070 880 sp=sp+dsp(word,1) 890 IF word <43 THEN ON word+1 GOSUB 1090,1110,1120,1130,1140,1150,1160,1170,1180,1190,1200,1210,1220,1230,1240,1250,1260,1270,1280,1290 ,1300,1310,1320,1330,1340,1350,1360,1370,1380,1390,1400,1410,1420,1430,1440,1450,1460,1470,1480,149 0,1500,1510,1520 900 IF word>42 THEN ON word-42 GOSUB 1530,1540,1550,1560,1570,1580,1590,1600,1610,1620,1630,1640,1650,1660,1670,1680 910 IF er=0 THEN 1060 ELSE 1070 920 IF class<>1 THEN 970 930 word=ASC(MID$(w$(ln),p(ln),1))-14:p(ln)=p(ln)+1 940 IF ff(ln) THEN 1060 950 IF ln<34 THEN ln=ln+1:w$(ln)=uvex$(word) ELSE er=7:RETURN 960 GOSUB 780:IF ln=0 OR er=0 THEN 1060 ELSE RETURN 970 IF class<>2 THEN 1010 980 word=ASC(MID$(w$(ln),p(ln),1))-14:p(ln)=p(ln)+1 990 IF ff(ln) THEN 1060 1000 sp=sp+1:s(sp)=@var(word):GOTO 1060 1010 IF class<>3 THEN er=1:GOTO 1070 1020 p=p(ln):WHILE ASC(MID$(w$(ln),p,1))<>4:p=p+1:WEND 1030 v=VAL(MID$(w$(ln),p(ln),p-p(ln)+1)):p(ln)=p+1 1040 IF ff(ln) THEN 1060 1050 sp=sp+1:s(sp)=v 1060 WEND 1070 ln=ln-1:RETURN these are computed GOSUBs implementing a despatch table to BASIC for each primitive
  • 83. 83 1080 REM Command List 1090 temp!=s(sp+1):IF temp!<0 THEN temp!=temp!+65536 1100 POKE s(sp+2),temp!-256*INT(temp!/256):POKE s(sp+2)+1,INT(temp!/256):RETURN 1110 s(sp)=s(sp)*s(sp+1):RETURN 1120 s(sp)=s(sp)+s(sp+1):RETURN 1130 s(sp)=s(sp)-s(sp+1):RETURN 1140 PRINT s(sp+1);CHR$(8);:RETURN 1150 WHILE ASC(MID$(w$(ln),p(ln),1))<>4:PRINT MID$(w$(ln),p(ln),1);:p(ln)=p(ln)+1:WEND:p(ln)=p(ln) +1:RETURN 1160 s(sp)=INT(s(sp)/s(sp+1)):RETURN 1170 temp=s(sp):s(sp)=INT(s(sp-1)/s(sp)):s(sp-1)=s(sp-1)-s(sp)*temp:RETURN 1180 s(sp)=(s(sp)<0):RETURN 1190 s(sp)=(s(sp)=0):RETURN 1200 s(sp)=(s(sp)<s(sp+1)):RETURN 1210 s(sp)=(s(sp)=s(sp+1)):RETURN 1220 s(sp)=(s(sp)>s(sp+1)):RETURN 1230 temp!=PEEK(s(sp+1))+256*PEEK(s(sp+1)+1):IF temp!>32767 THEN temp! =temp!-65536:PRINTtemp!;CHR$(8);:RETURN ELSE PRINTtemp!;CHR$(8);:RETURN 1240 temp!=PEEK(s(sp))+256*PEEK(s(sp)+1):IF temp!>32767 THEN s(sp)=temp!-65536:RETURN ELSE s(sp)=temp!:RETURN 1250 s(sp)=ABS(s(sp)):RETURN 1260 s(sp)=s(sp) AND s(sp+1):RETURN 1270 s(sp)=PEEK(s(sp)):RETURN 1280 PRINT:RETURN 1290 RETURN 1300 s(sp)=s(sp-1):RETURN 1310 PRINTCHR$(s(sp+1));:RETURN 1320 in$=INKEY$:IF in$="" THEN 1320 ELSE s(sp)=ASC(in$):RETURN 1330 s(sp)=MAX(s(sp),s(sp+1)):RETURN 1340 s(sp)=MIN(s(sp),s(sp+1)):RETURN 1350 s(sp)=-s(sp):RETURN 1360 s(sp)=s(sp) MOD s(sp+1):RETURN 1370 s(sp)=s(sp) OR s(sp+1):RETURN 1380 s(sp)=s(sp-2):RETURN 1390 PRINT" ";:RETURN 1400 PRINT USING "&";SPACE$(s(sp+1)-256*INT(s(sp+1)/256));:RETURN 1410 temp=s(sp):s(sp)=s(sp-1):s(sp-1)=temp:RETURN 1420 vrn=vrn+1:var(vrn)=s(sp+1):WHILE ASC(MID$(w$(ln),p(ln),1))<>4:var$(vrn)=var$(vrn)+MID$(w$ (ln),p(ln),1):p(ln)=p(ln)+1:WEND:p(ln)=p(ln)+1:RETURN 1430 s(sp)=s(sp) XOR s(sp+1):RETURN 1440 beg(ln)=p(ln):RETURN 1450 IF s(sp+1)=0 THEN p(ln)=beg(ln):RETURN ELSE RETURN 1460 IF s(sp+1)<>0 THEN RETURN ELSE ff(ln)=-1:RETURN this is why switch statements exist and why fallthrough is superior to break!
  • 84. 84 that's probably more than you ever wanted to know about Forth or BASIC or how I spent the 80s...
  • 85. 85 this social construct kills demons
  • 86. 86 this social construct kills demons
  • 87. 87 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 embedded 1999 systems 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
  • 89. Kent Beck 89 eXtreme Programming the birth of agile Planning/feedback loops Release plan Code Iteration plan Acceptance test Stand-up meeting Pair negotiation Unit test Pair programming Months Weeks Days One day Hours Minutes Seconds By DonWells - Own work based on: XP-feedback.gif, CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=27448045
  • 90. Cultural traditions Analysis & synthesis Previous experiences New information Genetic heritage Decision (hypothesis) Observations Action (test) Unfolding interaction with environment Feedback Feedback Unfolding interaction with environment Act Decide Orient Observe Implicit guidance & control Feed forward Feed Feed forward forward Unfolding circumstances Outside information Implicit guidance & control John Boyd's OODA loop Feedback 90 it's war out there the OODA loop John Boyd
  • 91. Verification and Validation Project Definition Concept of Operations Requirements and Architecture Detailed Design Integration, Test, and Verification System Verification and Validation Operation and Maintenance Project Test and Integration Implementation Implementation Time 91 government mandated processes the v-model
  • 92. 92 software considerations in airborne systems and equipment certification RTCA DO-178B Level Failure condition Objectives[5] Failure Rate A Catastrophic 66 10−9/h B Hazardous 65 10−7/h C Major 57 10−5/h D Minor 28 10−3/h E No Effect 0 n/a
  • 93. 93 evolutionary prototyping the boehm spiral Plan next Phase Develop, verify next-level product Determine objectives, alternatives, constraints Evaluate alternatives identify, resolve risks Cummulative cost Review Commitment partition Risk analysis Risk analysis Risk analysis Prototype 1 Prototype 2 Prototype 3 Operational Prototype Risk analy- sis Requirements plan life-cycle plan Develop- ment plan Integration and test plan Concept of operation Simulations, models, benchmarks Software requirements Requirements validation Software product design Design validation and verification Detailed design Code Unit test Integration and test Acceptance test Implementation
  • 95. 95 once upon a time Romek Ellie
  • 96. 96 cryptography + physics = ??? we 🔬 digital identity
  • 97. 97 ● digital identity ● messaging ● privacy ● trust what we do IDENTITY & TRUST IN MONITORED SPACES THE VIRTUES OF PRIVACY BY DESIGN Eleanor McHugh Romek Szczesniak
  • 98. 98 ● ruby ● bash ● macOS ● golang ● crystal ● javascript how we do it
  • 99. 99 #!/bin/bash # (c) 2018 Innovative Identity Solutions Limited # all rights reserved source scripts/ruby_web_api.sh print_cic_statement BASE_SERVICE_PORT=9000 source ./infrastructure.sh while getopts b:v:sh option do case "${option}" in h) echo echo "This script launches the infrastructure for user registration and interaction." echo "For each user and the oracle it creates a running web service." echo "It initialises the database when it runs." echo echo "Usage:" echo " ./demo.sh -b bearer-name -v validator-name" echo " ./demo.sh -h" echo " ./demo.sh -s" exit 0 ;; b) BEARER=${OPTARG};; v) VALIDATOR=${OPTARG};; s) shutdown $DOMAIN_ADDRESS;; esac done if [ -z ${BEARER+x} ]; then echo "specify bearer name with -b"; exit 1 fi if [ -z ${VALIDATOR+x} ]; then echo "specify validator name with -v"; exit 2 fi scripts/startup.sh $BASE_SERVICE_PORT heading "Launching bearer devices" launch_bearer $BEAR_SERVICE $BEARER "bear.jpg" launch_bearer $VAL_SERVICE $VALIDATOR "val.jpg" this is part of a proof of concept for a digital identity system it's part of a series of prototypes evolved from a series of pure BaSH scripts all the techniques demonstrated are applicable to any language with either quick compilation speed or fast interpreter launch like golang or ruby
  • 100. 100 #!/bin/bash # (c) 2018 Innovative Identity Solutions Limited # all rights reserved source scripts/ruby_web_api.sh print_cic_statement BASE_SERVICE_PORT=9000 source ./infrastructure.sh while getopts b:v:sh option do case "${option}" in h) echo echo "This script launches the infrastructure for user registration and interaction." echo "For each user and the oracle it creates a running web service." echo "It initialises the database when it runs." echo echo "Usage:" echo " ./demo.sh -b bearer-name -v validator-name" echo " ./demo.sh -h" echo " ./demo.sh -s" exit 0 ;; b) BEARER=${OPTARG};; v) VALIDATOR=${OPTARG};; s) shutdown $DOMAIN_ADDRESS;; esac done if [ -z ${BEARER+x} ]; then echo "specify bearer name with -b"; exit 1 fi if [ -z ${VALIDATOR+x} ]; then echo "specify validator name with -v"; exit 2 fi scripts/startup.sh $BASE_SERVICE_PORT heading "Launching bearer devices" launch_bearer $BEAR_SERVICE $BEARER "bear.jpg" launch_bearer $VAL_SERVICE $VALIDATOR "val.jpg" Fair Use Exemptions Apply
  • 101. 101 #!/bin/bash # (c) 2018 Innovative Identity Solutions Limited # all rights reserved source scripts/ruby_web_api.sh print_cic_statement BASE_SERVICE_PORT=9000 source ./infrastructure.sh while getopts b:v:sh option do case "${option}" in h) echo echo "This script launches the infrastructure for user registration and interaction." echo "For each user and the oracle it creates a running web service." echo "It initialises the database when it runs." echo echo "Usage:" echo " ./demo.sh -b bearer-name -v validator-name" echo " ./demo.sh -h" echo " ./demo.sh -s" exit 0 ;; b) BEARER=${OPTARG};; v) VALIDATOR=${OPTARG};; s) shutdown $DOMAIN_ADDRESS;; esac done if [ -z ${BEARER+x} ]; then echo "specify bearer name with -b"; exit 1 fi if [ -z ${VALIDATOR+x} ]; then echo "specify validator name with -v"; exit 2 fi scripts/startup.sh $BASE_SERVICE_PORT heading "Launching bearer devices" launch_bearer $BEAR_SERVICE $BEARER "bear.jpg" launch_bearer $VAL_SERVICE $VALIDATOR "val.jpg" bangs allow scripts to be executable
  • 102. 102 #!/bin/bash # (c) 2018 Innovative Identity Solutions Limited # all rights reserved source scripts/ruby_web_api.sh print_cic_statement BASE_SERVICE_PORT=9000 source ./infrastructure.sh while getopts b:v:sh option do case "${option}" in h) echo echo "This script launches the infrastructure for user registration and interaction." echo "For each user and the oracle it creates a running web service." echo "It initialises the database when it runs." echo echo "Usage:" echo " ./demo.sh -b bearer-name -v validator-name" echo " ./demo.sh -h" echo " ./demo.sh -s" exit 0 ;; b) BEARER=${OPTARG};; v) VALIDATOR=${OPTARG};; s) shutdown $DOMAIN_ADDRESS;; esac done if [ -z ${BEARER+x} ]; then echo "specify bearer name with -b"; exit 1 fi if [ -z ${VALIDATOR+x} ]; then echo "specify validator name with -v"; exit 2 fi scripts/startup.sh $BASE_SERVICE_PORT heading "Launching bearer devices" launch_bearer $BEAR_SERVICE $BEARER "bear.jpg" launch_bearer $VAL_SERVICE $VALIDATOR "val.jpg" Environment Variables for configuration
  • 103. 103 #!/bin/bash # (c) 2018 Innovative Identity Solutions Limited # all rights reserved source scripts/ruby_web_api.sh print_cic_statement BASE_SERVICE_PORT=9000 source ./infrastructure.sh while getopts b:v:sh option do case "${option}" in h) echo echo "This script launches the infrastructure for user registration and interaction." echo "For each user and the oracle it creates a running web service." echo "It initialises the database when it runs." echo echo "Usage:" echo " ./demo.sh -b bearer-name -v validator-name" echo " ./demo.sh -h" echo " ./demo.sh -s" exit 0 ;; b) BEARER=${OPTARG};; v) VALIDATOR=${OPTARG};; s) shutdown $DOMAIN_ADDRESS;; esac done if [ -z ${BEARER+x} ]; then echo "specify bearer name with -b"; exit 1 fi if [ -z ${VALIDATOR+x} ]; then echo "specify validator name with -v"; exit 2 fi scripts/startup.sh $BASE_SERVICE_PORT heading "Launching bearer devices" launch_bearer $BEAR_SERVICE $BEARER "bear.jpg" launch_bearer $VAL_SERVICE $VALIDATOR "val.jpg" Environment Variables for configuration
  • 104. 104 #!/bin/bash # (c) 2017 Innovative Identity Solutions Limited # all rights reserved # This script defines addresses for a service infrastructure baselined at $BASEPORT." # # Usage:" # export BASE_SERVICE=9000" # source infrastructure.sh" # PORT=$BASE_SERVICE_PORT ADDRESS=${SERVER_ADDRESS:=localhost} export DOMAIN_SERVICE=$PORT export DOMAIN_ADDRESS="$ADDRESS:$DOMAIN_SERVICE" let PORT++ export LOGGING_SERVICE=$PORT export LOGGING_ADDRESS="$ADDRESS:$LOGGING_SERVICE" let PORT++ export SECURE_STORE_SERVICE=$PORT export SECURE_STORE_ADDRESS="$ADDRESS:$SECURE_STORE_SERVICE" let PORT++ export REGISTRY_SERVICE=$PORT export REGISTRY_ADDRESS="$ADDRESS:$REGISTRY_SERVICE" let PORT++ export ORACLE_SERVICE=$PORT export ORACLE_ADDRESS="$ADDRESS:$ORACLE_SERVICE" let PORT++ export BEAR_SERVICE=$PORT export BEAR_ADDRESS="$ADDRESS:$BEAR_SERVICE" let PORT++ export VAL_SERVICE=$PORT export VAL_ADDRESS="$ADDRESS:$VAL_SERVICE" BASE_SERVICE_PORT=$DOMAIN_SERVICE Environment Variables for static configuration
  • 105. 105 #!/bin/bash # (c) 2018 Innovative Identity Solutions Limited # all rights reserved source scripts/ruby_web_api.sh print_cic_statement BASE_SERVICE_PORT=9000 source ./infrastructure.sh while getopts b:v:sh option do case "${option}" in h) echo echo "This script launches the infrastructure for user registration and interaction." echo "For each user and the oracle it creates a running web service." echo "It initialises the database when it runs." echo echo "Usage:" echo " ./demo.sh -b bearer-name -v validator-name" echo " ./demo.sh -h" echo " ./demo.sh -s" exit 0 ;; b) BEARER=${OPTARG};; v) VALIDATOR=${OPTARG};; s) shutdown $DOMAIN_ADDRESS;; esac done if [ -z ${BEARER+x} ]; then echo "specify bearer name with -b"; exit 1 fi if [ -z ${VALIDATOR+x} ]; then echo "specify validator name with -v"; exit 2 fi scripts/startup.sh $BASE_SERVICE_PORT heading "Launching bearer devices" launch_bearer $BEAR_SERVICE $BEARER "bear.jpg" launch_bearer $VAL_SERVICE $VALIDATOR "val.jpg" command-line switches for instance variables
  • 106. 106 #!/bin/bash # (c) 2018 Innovative Identity Solutions Limited # all rights reserved source scripts/ruby_web_api.sh print_cic_statement BASE_SERVICE_PORT=9000 source ./infrastructure.sh while getopts b:v:sh option do case "${option}" in h) echo echo "This script launches the infrastructure for user registration and interaction." echo "For each user and the oracle it creates a running web service." echo "It initialises the database when it runs." echo echo "Usage:" echo " ./demo.sh -b bearer-name -v validator-name" echo " ./demo.sh -h" echo " ./demo.sh -s" exit 0 ;; b) BEARER=${OPTARG};; v) VALIDATOR=${OPTARG};; s) shutdown $DOMAIN_ADDRESS;; esac done if [ -z ${BEARER+x} ]; then echo "specify bearer name with -b"; exit 1 fi if [ -z ${VALIDATOR+x} ]; then echo "specify validator name with -v"; exit 2 fi scripts/startup.sh $BASE_SERVICE_PORT heading "Launching bearer devices" launch_bearer $BEAR_SERVICE $BEARER "bear.jpg" launch_bearer $VAL_SERVICE $VALIDATOR "val.jpg" check for missing parameters
  • 107. 107 #!/bin/bash # (c) 2018 Innovative Identity Solutions Limited # all rights reserved source scripts/ruby_web_api.sh print_cic_statement BASE_SERVICE_PORT=9000 source ./infrastructure.sh while getopts b:v:sh option do case "${option}" in h) echo echo "This script launches the infrastructure for user registration and interaction." echo "For each user and the oracle it creates a running web service." echo "It initialises the database when it runs." echo echo "Usage:" echo " ./demo.sh -b bearer-name -v validator-name" echo " ./demo.sh -h" echo " ./demo.sh -s" exit 0 ;; b) BEARER=${OPTARG};; v) VALIDATOR=${OPTARG};; s) shutdown $DOMAIN_ADDRESS;; esac done if [ -z ${BEARER+x} ]; then echo "specify bearer name with -b"; exit 1 fi if [ -z ${VALIDATOR+x} ]; then echo "specify validator name with -v"; exit 2 fi scripts/startup.sh $BASE_SERVICE_PORT heading "Launching bearer devices" launch_bearer $BEAR_SERVICE $BEARER "bear.jpg" launch_bearer $VAL_SERVICE $VALIDATOR "val.jpg" now for some Ruby magic
  • 108. 108 RUBY_DIR="$ROOT_DIR/ruby" source scripts/basics.sh # http_requests will print headers and response body along with stack dumps # if the env variable DEBUG_HTTP_REQUESTS exists ruby_web_client () { local program=$1 ruby -e " require 'json' require '$CLIENTS_DIR/web' $program " } http_request () { local version=$1 local method=$2 local address=$3 local endpoint=$4 local request_body=$5 ruby_web_client " if ENV['DEBUG_HTTP_REQUESTS'] response = WebClient.$method($version, '$address', endpoint = $endpoint) do |req| puts 'REQUEST:' puts $request_body $request_body end puts 'RESPONSE:' response.each_header do |k, v| puts "#{k}: #{v}" end puts "body: #{response.body}" puts else WebClient.$method($version, '$address', endpoint = $endpoint) do |req| $request_body end rescue nil end " } where we keep our ruby scripts some handy Bash functions
  • 109. 109 DATA_DIR="$ROOT_DIR/data" COMMANDS_DIR="$ROOT_DIR/commands" MODELS_DIR="$ROOT_DIR/models" detect_wsl () { set -e grep -qE "(Microsoft|WSL)" /proc/version &> /dev/null } UNIX_PROCESS_STARTUP_DELAY=1 WSL_PROCESS_STARTUP_DELAY=5 if detect_wsl ; then wait_for_process_launch () { sleep WSL_PROCESS_STARTUP_DELAY } else wait_for_process_launch () { sleep UNIX_PROCESS_STARTUP_DELAY } fi heading () { ruby -e " require '$COMMANDS_DIR/console' Console.heading '$1' " } subheading () { ruby -e " require '$COMMANDS_DIR/console' Console.subheading '$1' " } print_cic_statement() { ruby "$COMMANDS_DIR/cic_banner.rb" } finished () { heading "DONE" } useful directories
  • 110. 110 DATA_DIR="$ROOT_DIR/data" COMMANDS_DIR="$ROOT_DIR/commands" MODELS_DIR="$ROOT_DIR/models" detect_wsl () { set -e grep -qE "(Microsoft|WSL)" /proc/version &> /dev/null } UNIX_PROCESS_STARTUP_DELAY=1 WSL_PROCESS_STARTUP_DELAY=5 if detect_wsl ; then wait_for_process_launch () { sleep WSL_PROCESS_STARTUP_DELAY } else wait_for_process_launch () { sleep UNIX_PROCESS_STARTUP_DELAY } fi heading () { ruby -e " require '$COMMANDS_DIR/console' Console.heading '$1' " } subheading () { ruby -e " require '$COMMANDS_DIR/console' Console.subheading '$1' " } print_cic_statement() { ruby "$COMMANDS_DIR/cic_banner.rb" } finished () { heading "DONE" } WSL can take a long time to launch a Linux process so we check for it and add a longer startup delay for our system to boot
  • 111. 111 DATA_DIR="$ROOT_DIR/data" COMMANDS_DIR="$ROOT_DIR/commands" MODELS_DIR="$ROOT_DIR/models" detect_wsl () { set -e grep -qE "(Microsoft|WSL)" /proc/version &> /dev/null } UNIX_PROCESS_STARTUP_DELAY=1 WSL_PROCESS_STARTUP_DELAY=5 if detect_wsl ; then wait_for_process_launch () { sleep WSL_PROCESS_STARTUP_DELAY } else wait_for_process_launch () { sleep UNIX_PROCESS_STARTUP_DELAY } fi heading () { ruby -e " require '$COMMANDS_DIR/console' Console.heading '$1' " } subheading () { ruby -e " require '$COMMANDS_DIR/console' Console.subheading '$1' " } print_cic_statement() { ruby "$COMMANDS_DIR/cic_banner.rb" } finished () { heading "DONE" } each of these is a string containing Ruby code to be executed by the interpreter
  • 112. 112 RUBY_DIR="$ROOT_DIR/ruby" source scripts/basics.sh # http_requests will print headers and response body along with stack dumps # if the env variable DEBUG_HTTP_REQUESTS exists ruby_web_client () { local program=$1 ruby -e " require 'json' require '$CLIENTS_DIR/web' $program " } http_request () { local version=$1 local method=$2 local address=$3 local endpoint=$4 local request_body=$5 ruby_web_client " if ENV['DEBUG_HTTP_REQUESTS'] response = WebClient.$method($version, '$address', endpoint = $endpoint) do |req| puts 'REQUEST:' puts $request_body $request_body end puts 'RESPONSE:' response.each_header do |k, v| puts "#{k}: #{v}" end puts "body: #{response.body}" puts else WebClient.$method($version, '$address', endpoint = $endpoint) do |req| $request_body end rescue nil end " } use local to give shell function parameters meaningful names
  • 113. 113 RUBY_DIR="$ROOT_DIR/ruby" source scripts/basics.sh # http_requests will print headers and response body along with stack dumps # if the env variable DEBUG_HTTP_REQUESTS exists ruby_web_client () { local program=$1 ruby -e " require 'json' require '$CLIENTS_DIR/web' $program " } http_request () { local version=$1 local method=$2 local address=$3 local endpoint=$4 local request_body=$5 ruby_web_client " if ENV['DEBUG_HTTP_REQUESTS'] response = WebClient.$method($version, '$address', endpoint = $endpoint) do |req| puts 'REQUEST:' puts $request_body $request_body end puts 'RESPONSE:' response.each_header do |k, v| puts "#{k}: #{v}" end puts "body: #{response.body}" puts else WebClient.$method($version, '$address', endpoint = $endpoint) do |req| $request_body end rescue nil end " } shell variables are strings this allows us to pass in a ruby program as a string which will then be injected into this string as a text replacement
  • 114. 114 RUBY_DIR="$ROOT_DIR/ruby" source scripts/basics.sh # http_requests will print headers and response body along with stack dumps # if the env variable DEBUG_HTTP_REQUESTS exists ruby_web_client () { local program=$1 ruby -e " require 'json' require '$CLIENTS_DIR/web' $program " } http_request () { local version=$1 local method=$2 local address=$3 local endpoint=$4 local request_body=$5 ruby_web_client " if ENV['DEBUG_HTTP_REQUESTS'] response = WebClient.$method($version, '$address', endpoint = $endpoint) do |req| puts 'REQUEST:' puts $request_body $request_body end puts 'RESPONSE:' response.each_header do |k, v| puts "#{k}: #{v}" end puts "body: #{response.body}" puts else WebClient.$method($version, '$address', endpoint = $endpoint) do |req| $request_body end rescue nil end " } here we use it to make an HTTP call using our Ruby WebClient object
  • 115. 115 #!/bin/bash # (c) 2018 Innovative Identity Solutions Limited # all rights reserved source scripts/ruby_web_api.sh print_cic_statement BASE_SERVICE_PORT=9000 source ./infrastructure.sh while getopts b:v:sh option do case "${option}" in h) echo echo "This script launches the infrastructure for user registration and interaction." echo "For each user and the oracle it creates a running web service." echo "It initialises the database when it runs." echo echo "Usage:" echo " ./demo.sh -b bearer-name -v validator-name" echo " ./demo.sh -h" echo " ./demo.sh -s" exit 0 ;; b) BEARER=${OPTARG};; v) VALIDATOR=${OPTARG};; s) shutdown $DOMAIN_ADDRESS;; esac done if [ -z ${BEARER+x} ]; then echo "specify bearer name with -b"; exit 1 fi if [ -z ${VALIDATOR+x} ]; then echo "specify validator name with -v"; exit 2 fi scripts/startup.sh $BASE_SERVICE_PORT heading "Launching bearer devices" launch_bearer $BEAR_SERVICE $BEARER "bear.jpg" launch_bearer $VAL_SERVICE $VALIDATOR "val.jpg" launch our service network
  • 116. 116 source scripts/ruby_web_api.sh if [ $# -ne 1 ]; then echo echo "This script launches an identity infrastructure baselined at the specified port address." echo echo "Usage:" echo " ./startup.sh base-port" exit 1 fi BASE_SERVICE_PORT=$1 source ./infrastructure.sh heading "Creating Service Infrastructure" echo " DOMAIN_ADDRESS = $DOMAIN_ADDRESS" echo " LOGGING_ADDRESS = $LOGGING_ADDRESS" echo " SECURE_STORE_ADDRESS = $SECURE_STORE_ADDRESS" echo " REGISTRY_ADDRESS = $REGISTRY_ADDRESS" echo " ORACLE_ADDRESS = $ORACLE_ADDRESS" echo " BEAR_ADDRESS = $BEAR_ADDRESS" echo " VAL_ADDRESS = $VAL_ADDRESS" create_registry launch_domain $DOMAIN_ADDRESS sleep 1 launch_service logging $LOGGING_ADDRESS launch_service secure_store $SECURE_STORE_ADDRESS launch_service registry $REGISTRY_ADDRESS launch_service oracle $ORACLE_ADDRESS
  • 117. 117 ROOT_DIR=`pwd` REGISTRY_DIR="$ROOT_DIR/registry" COMMANDS_DIR="$ROOT_DIR/commands" MODELS_DIR="$ROOT_DIR/models" create_registry () { subheading "create registry" rm -Rf "$REGISTRY_DIR" mkdir -p "$REGISTRY_DIR" pushd "$REGISTRY_DIR" ruby -e " require '$MODELS_DIR/oracle' require '$COMMANDS_DIR/encryption' Console.section 'Create $REGISTRY_DIR/Oracle.db' do oracle = Models::Oracle.new Console.section 'Create User Zero' do key = Encryption::create_rsa_key filename: 'keyzero.pem', save_to_disk: true digest = OpenSSL::Digest::SHA256.new(Base64.encode64 key.to_pem) oracle.keys.insert ID: 0, Label: '::1', Key: key.public_key.to_pem, Checksum: ENV['USE_AMALGALITE'] ? digest : digest.to_s Console.display_records oracle, :Keys end end " popd } create_user_database () { local database_dir="$REGISTRY_DIR/$1" local selfie="$ROOT_DIR/$2" heading "create user database: $database_dir" mkdir -p "$database_dir" pushd "$database_dir" ln -s "$REGISTRY_DIR/oracle.db" "$database_dir" ln -s "$selfie" "$database_dir" popd "$database_dir" } we can directly use Ruby's OpenSSL wrapper as well as our own API over that
  • 118. 118 ROOT_DIR=`pwd` REGISTRY_DIR="$ROOT_DIR/registry" COMMANDS_DIR="$ROOT_DIR/commands" MODELS_DIR="$ROOT_DIR/models" create_registry () { subheading "create registry" rm -Rf "$REGISTRY_DIR" mkdir -p "$REGISTRY_DIR" pushd "$REGISTRY_DIR" ruby -e " require '$MODELS_DIR/oracle' require '$COMMANDS_DIR/encryption' Console.section 'Create $REGISTRY_DIR/Oracle.db' do oracle = Models::Oracle.new Console.section 'Create User Zero' do key = Encryption::create_rsa_key filename: 'keyzero.pem', save_to_disk: true digest = OpenSSL::Digest::SHA256.new(Base64.encode64 key.to_pem) oracle.keys.insert ID: 0, Label: '::1', Key: key.public_key.to_pem, Checksum: ENV['USE_AMALGALITE'] ? digest : digest.to_s Console.display_records oracle, :Keys end end " popd } create_user_database () { local database_dir="$REGISTRY_DIR/$1" local selfie="$ROOT_DIR/$2" heading "create user database: $database_dir" mkdir -p "$database_dir" pushd "$database_dir" ln -s "$REGISTRY_DIR/oracle.db" "$database_dir" ln -s "$selfie" "$database_dir" popd "$database_dir" } we're also able to use SQLite via Amalgalite which compiles it as an in-process extension
  • 119. 119 #!/bin/bash # (c) 2018 Innovative Identity Solutions Limited # all rights reserved source scripts/ruby_web_api.sh print_cic_statement BASE_SERVICE_PORT=9000 source ./infrastructure.sh while getopts b:v:sh option do case "${option}" in h) echo echo "This script launches the infrastructure for user registration and interaction." echo "For each user and the oracle it creates a running web service." echo "It initialises the database when it runs." echo echo "Usage:" echo " ./demo.sh -b bearer-name -v validator-name" echo " ./demo.sh -h" echo " ./demo.sh -s" exit 0 ;; b) BEARER=${OPTARG};; v) VALIDATOR=${OPTARG};; s) shutdown $DOMAIN_ADDRESS;; esac done if [ -z ${BEARER+x} ]; then echo "specify bearer name with -b"; exit 1 fi if [ -z ${VALIDATOR+x} ]; then echo "specify validator name with -v"; exit 2 fi scripts/startup.sh $BASE_SERVICE_PORT heading "Launching bearer devices" launch_bearer $BEAR_SERVICE $BEARER "bear.jpg" launch_bearer $VAL_SERVICE $VALIDATOR "val.jpg" to create Ruby web services
  • 120. 120 source "$SCRIPTS_DIR/ruby_web_client.sh" launch_ruby_service () { local service=$1 local address=$2 local directory="$REGISTRY_DIR$3" local command_key=$4 pushd "$directory" ADDRESS="$address" COMMAND_KEY="$command_key" ruby "$SERVICES_DIR/$service""_service.rb" & wait_for_process_launch popd } launch_service () { local service=$1 local address=$2 local command_key=$3 local service_name="$service""_service" http_request :v1 post $DOMAIN_ADDRESS :A " req.set_form_data name: '$service_name', address: '$address'" launch_ruby_service "$service" "$address" "" "$command_key" } halt_service () { local version=$1 local address=$2 local command_key=$3 http_request :v1 shutdown $address nil "req.body = '$command_key'" } launch_bearer () { local port="$1" local name="$2" local selfie="$3" local command_key="$4" create_user_database "$name" "$selfie" pushd "$REGISTRY_DIR/$name" PORT="$port" COMMAND_KEY="$command_key" ruby "$SERVICES_DIR/bearer_service.rb" & sleep 1 popd } we need this to make web requests
  • 121. 121 source "$SCRIPTS_DIR/ruby_web_client.sh" launch_ruby_service () { local service=$1 local address=$2 local directory="$REGISTRY_DIR$3" local command_key=$4 pushd "$directory" ADDRESS="$address" COMMAND_KEY="$command_key" ruby "$SERVICES_DIR/$service""_service.rb" & wait_for_process_launch popd } launch_service () { local service=$1 local address=$2 local command_key=$3 local service_name="$service""_service" http_request :v1 post $DOMAIN_ADDRESS :A " req.set_form_data name: '$service_name', address: '$address'" launch_ruby_service "$service" "$address" "" "$command_key" } halt_service () { local version=$1 local address=$2 local command_key=$3 http_request :v1 shutdown $address nil "req.body = '$command_key'" } launch_bearer () { local port="$1" local name="$2" local selfie="$3" local command_key="$4" create_user_database "$name" "$selfie" pushd "$REGISTRY_DIR/$name" PORT="$port" COMMAND_KEY="$command_key" ruby "$SERVICES_DIR/bearer_service.rb" & sleep 1 popd } we can also start Ruby programs with dynamically set Environment Variables to configure them
  • 122. 122 source "$SCRIPTS_DIR/ruby_web_client.sh" launch_ruby_service () { local service=$1 local address=$2 local directory="$REGISTRY_DIR$3" local command_key=$4 pushd "$directory" ADDRESS="$address" COMMAND_KEY="$command_key" ruby "$SERVICES_DIR/$service""_service.rb" & wait_for_process_launch popd } launch_service () { local service=$1 local address=$2 local command_key=$3 local service_name="$service""_service" http_request :v1 post $DOMAIN_ADDRESS :A " req.set_form_data name: '$service_name', address: '$address'" launch_ruby_service "$service" "$address" "" "$command_key" } halt_service () { local version=$1 local address=$2 local command_key=$3 http_request :v1 shutdown $address nil "req.body = '$command_key'" } launch_bearer () { local port="$1" local name="$2" local selfie="$3" local command_key="$4" create_user_database "$name" "$selfie" pushd "$REGISTRY_DIR/$name" PORT="$port" COMMAND_KEY="$command_key" ruby "$SERVICES_DIR/bearer_service.rb" & sleep 1 popd } for each credential bearer in our system we can launch a custom ruby process in the background to handle their behaviour
  • 123. 123 known by their works Love is a poet, love sings the songs Pointing his fi nger you follow along Voices are calling, The monster wants out of you Paws you and claws you, you try not to fall - The Beast, Concrete Blonde
  • 124. 124 ● I have mixed feelings on patents ● I filed some, and selling the IP paid for several years of research ● it also means people can see what I do ● but the process can be complicated ● and many patents suck The Agony & The Ecstasy
  • 125. 125 ● original inventions ● not preexisting in nature - except biotech ● no maths - unless it's software and you're in the US ● must have a concrete implementation ● cannot have been published before What Can We Patent? Dell? Mac? WTF?!?!
  • 126. 126 ● inventors have to publish how their invention works - except Marconi? ● the patent provides a fixed term monopoly ● but the description of the invention is in the public domain ● only granted claims are enforceable Why Should We Patent? Nikola Tesla!