Lesson 4 data processing

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The document discusses the history of early electronic data processing and computer generations. It describes the Mark 1, the first fully automatic digital computer completed in 1944. It then discusses the ENIAC, the first general-purpose electronic computer developed between 1943-1946 which used 18,000 vacuum tubes. Finally, it introduces the EDVAC, the first computer designed to be stored-programmed, employing binary arithmetic and developed by John von Neumann.

4-1 Early Developments in Electronic Data Processing4- 2 Mark 14 - 3 The Eniac4 - 4 The Edvac4 – 5 Computer Generations4 – 6 First Generation Computers4 – 7 Second Generation Computers4 – 8 Third Generation Computers4 – 9 Fourth Generation Computer

Mark IHoward Aiken began work on the Mark I at Harvard UniversityMark I digital computer was completed in 1944Mark I official name was Automatic Sequence Controlled Calculator.Mark I functions:Could perform arithmetic operationsCould locate information stored in tabular form.

Mark IProcessed numbers up to 23 digits longs and could multiply three eight-digit numbers in 1 second.It was not an electronic computer but as rather an electromechanical one

THE ENIACENIAC – Electronic Numerical Integrator and CalculatorENIAC was developed by Presper Eckert Jr. aand John Mauchly from 1943 to 1946.It has 18,000 vacuum tubes and required the manual setting of switches.It could perform 300 multiplications per second

The EDVACEDVAC is the modified version of ENIACEDVAC – Electronic Discrete variable automatic ComputerEDVAC employs binary arithmeticJohn von Neumann invented the EDVAC

Computer GenerationsFirst Generation ComputersSecond Generation ComputersThird Generation ComputersFourth Generation Computers

First Generation Computers ( 1951-1959)The use vacuum tubes in place of relays as a means of storing data in memory and the use of stored-program concept.It requires 3.5 KW of electricity per day to keep the vacuum tubes running

Second Generation Computers ( 1959-1964)Solid-state components ( transistors and diodes) and magnetic core storage formed the basis for the second generation of computers

Third Generation Computers ( 1965-1970)Integrated solid-state circuitry, improved secondary storage devices and new input/output devices were the most important advances in this generation.

Fourth Generation Computers ( 1970 to present)The major innovations were in the development of microelectronics and in the development of different areas in computer technology such as: multiprocessing, multiprogramming, miniaturization, time sharing , operating speed and virtual storage.

The document traces the evolution of computers over five generations from the early mechanical counting machines to the modern era. The first generation used vacuum tubes which were large, generated heat, and frequently broke down. The second generation introduced transistors, which were smaller and more reliable. The third generation saw the development of integrated circuits and microchips, making computers smaller and less expensive. The fourth generation brought microprocessors and personal computers. Current and future computers continue advancing with technologies like robotics, virtual reality, and artificial intelligence.

computer history and latest technologyVibrant academy

Charles Babbage invented the first mechanical computer in the early 1800s to be used for calculations. His machines were not completed due to limitations of machined parts at the time. Later inventors developed the light bulb, vacuum tubes, transistors and integrated circuits which became the building blocks of modern computers. Gordon Moore observed that the number of transistors on integrated circuits doubles every two years, known as Moore's Law. This allowed computers to continuously shrink in size while increasing in power and capabilities over decades.

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The first electronic computer was built at the University of Pennsylvania using vacuum tube technology to perform logical operations and store data. Computers have been divided into five generations according to the development of their processing, memory, and input/output technologies: 1) Vacuum tubes (1942-1955), 2) Transistors (1955-1964), 3) Integrated circuits (1964-1975), 4) Microprocessors (1975-present), 5) Artificial intelligence and increased speeds (present and beyond).

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The document discusses the history of computers from the first to fourth generations. It describes how each generation led to improvements like replacing vacuum tubes with transistors, using integrated circuits, and the development of the microprocessor which led to personal computers. Key events and inventions included the transistor by Bell Labs, the first integrated circuit by Jack Kilby, the Altair 8080 inspiring the PC revolution, and the IBM PC establishing the PC standard.

History of computernegros oriental state university

1. The document outlines the history of important developments in computing, beginning with early numbering systems developed by Hindus between 100-200 CE and the Chinese abacus around 500 BCE. 2. Key figures that advanced computing include Charles Babbage, who invented the Difference Engine and Analytical Engine in the 1820s-1830s; Herman Hollerith, who developed the Census Tabulating Machine using punch cards in 1890; and J. Presper Eckert and John Mauchly, who created the ENIAC, the first general-purpose electronic computer, in 1946. 3. The document also describes the three generations of computers: first generation used vacuum tubes from 1951-1958; second generation used

History of computersAnne Perera

The document traces the evolution of computing devices from the abacus, through the invention of mechanical machines like Pascal's adding machine and Babbage's analytical engine, to modern computers categorized into generations based on technology. It discusses significant advancements, including the introduction of vacuum tubes, transistors, integrated circuits, microprocessors, and artificial intelligence, as well as classifications of computers by size and purpose. Notable figures, such as Ada Lovelace as the first computer programmer and the development of programming languages, are highlighted throughout the timeline.

History of computersZulqarnain haider

The document provides a history of computers from ancient abacuses used by Babylonians to modern electronic computers. It describes how early mechanical computers like Pascal's calculator and Babbage's Analytical Engine laid the foundations for modern programmable computers. The first fully electronic, programmable computers like ENIAC were developed during World War II to calculate artillery firing tables. This paved the way for the first general-purpose commercial computers by IBM and others in the 1950s.

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This document discusses the key characteristics of computer generations from first to fifth generation. It provides details on the components used such as vacuum tubes, transistors, integrated circuits and processing capabilities at each generation. The first generation used vacuum tubes, had 4,000 bit memory and programs were entered via hard wiring. The second generation featured transistors, 32,000 bit memory and used punch cards for data input. Subsequent generations saw advances like silicon chips, increased memory and use of disks.

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The document summarizes key events and innovations in the history of computers from ancient times to the present. It describes the abacus from 3000 BC, the slide rule from 1622, early mechanical calculators and computers from the 1600s-1800s, the first general purpose computer designed by Charles Babbage in 1833, the first digital computer ENIAC from 1946, the first commercial computer UNIVAC from 1952, and the development of integrated circuits, microprocessors and personal computers that ushered in newer generations from the 1960s onward.

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The document summarizes the history of computers from ancient counting machines to modern electronic computers. It describes the evolution from early counting devices like the abacus to modern programmable electronic computers using integrated circuits and microprocessors. Key developments included Charles Babbage's analytical engine, Herman Hollerith's tabulating machine, ENIAC as the first general-purpose electronic computer, the invention of the transistor and integrated circuit, and the introduction of the Altair computer, IBM PC, and Macintosh launching the personal computer revolution.

History of computershahab zebari

The document discusses the history and origins of computers. It mentions Charles Babbage as inventing the first mechanical computer in the early 1800s. It also discusses ENIAC, the first digital computer developed at the University of Pennsylvania in the 1940s. Finally, it notes the Intel 4004 microprocessor as the first commercially available microprocessor in 1971 and IBM's announcement of the first personal computer in 1981.

History of computerDIIT, Bhubaneswar

The history of computers began with early counting devices like the abacus and progressed through mechanical calculating machines invented in the 1600s. Major milestones included Charles Babbage's analytical engine design in 1833, Herman Hollerith's tabulating machine for the 1890 census, and the first programmable electronic digital computer, ENIAC, created in the 1940s. The stored program concept was developed in 1945, allowing programs to be stored in the computer's memory. The first commercially available computer, UNIVAC I, was released in 1951, marking the start of modern computing.

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The document outlines the major generations of computers from 1942 to present. The first generation from 1951-1958 included the first commercial automatic computers and electromechanical computers. The second generation from 1959-1963 saw the introduction of transistors, magnetic tapes, and disks replacing punched cards. The third generation from 1964-1979 featured integrated circuits and new memory technologies. The fourth generation from 1979 to present has seen the rise of microprocessors, PCs, and user-friendly software languages.

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The document discusses the history and evolution of computers from the 1st to 5th generations. It describes some of the earliest calculating devices like the Pascaline and how vacuum tubes were used in early computers for logic and operations. It outlines important developments in each generation including increased speeds, memory storage options, programming languages used, and applications growing from military/scientific uses to business/commercial applications. The summaries highlight the key differences between the 1st and 5th generations in terms of components, programming, storage, speeds, and capabilities.

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The document discusses the evolution of information and communication technology from the mechanical and electromechanical periods. During the mechanical period, there was interest in automating calculations which led to the development of machines like the Pascaline, a mechanical calculator invented by Blaise Pascal. Charles Babbage later invented the Analytical Engine, considered the first programmable mechanical computer. The electromechanical period saw the use of electricity for information handling and the invention of technologies like the telegraph for transmitting information over long distances, as well as Alexander Graham Bell's telephone.

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The document summarizes the history of important early calculating and computing devices, including the abacus which was invented over 5,000 years ago, Charles Babbage's Difference Engine from 1822 which had similarities to modern computers, MARK-1 which was the first automatic digital computer created in 1944, and ENIAC which was unveiled in 1946 as the first general-purpose electronic digital computer and was large in size using vacuum tubes.

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The document summarizes the evolution of computers from ancient counting devices like the abacus to modern computers. It describes early mechanical calculating devices developed by Napier, Pascal, and Leibniz. Punched cards were introduced in the 18th century to control looms. Babbage designed analytical engines in the 1800s but they were never completed. The first digital computers like ENIAC, EDVAC, EDSAC and UNIVAC used vacuum tubes. The microprocessor was invented in 1969, leading to personal computers in the 1970s. Modern computers integrate all components into a single chip called a system on chip.

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The document summarizes the history of electronics from the 1940s to present day in four periods: the vacuum tube period, the transistor period, the integrated circuit period, and the computer processors period. It describes several important early electronic devices like the ENIAC, the first general purpose computer, and the invention of the transistor in 1947, which led to smaller and faster electronic devices. The integrated circuit, invented in the 1950s, further revolutionized electronics by incorporating multiple circuit elements into a single small chip, increasing processing speeds. Modern computer processors continue to rapidly advance, powering innovations in areas like personal computing, productivity, entertainment, and communication.

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The next generation computer will be smaller, faster, and have greater data storage and portable display capabilities than 4th generation computers. It will be able to respond to natural language input and have capabilities for learning and self-organization. Quantum computing uses qubits that can represent 1s and 0s simultaneously, allowing for greater speed and efficiency than classical computing. Nanotechnology involves controlling individual atoms and molecules to create extremely small computer chips and devices for applications like new materials, medical devices, pollution monitoring, and more.

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The document discusses the history and development of computers from ancient calculating devices to modern machines. It describes: 1) Early mechanical calculating devices like the abacus used by ancient Egyptians and Chinese, and Napier's Bones invented in 1617 which used rods with printed numbers. 2) Pascal's calculator invented in 1642 which used gears to represent digits, and Leibniz's modified version which could perform multiplication and division. 3) Charles Babbage's Analytical Engine of 1833, considered the first computer for its ability to store data and use features of modern programming languages. 4) The five generations of computers, from the first using vacuum tubes to later ones using transistors,

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This document provides an overview of computer organization and its objectives. It begins with a brief history of computers, starting from the Mark 1 in 1930 and progressing to modern supercomputers, mainframes, and personal computers. The objectives section outlines goals such as understanding computer hardware components, memory addressing, input/output devices, program execution, and computer architectures.

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The document outlines key developments in computer history from ancient calculating devices like the abacus to modern computers. It notes that the abacus was the first man-made computing device used as early as 3000 BC. In the 1800s, punched cards were developed for data storage, first being used by Joseph Jacquard to automate his weaving. Charles Babbage is recognized as the "father of computers" for inventing the Analytical Engine in the 1830s, designed to store thousands of numbers. Herman Hollerith's tabulating machine in the 1890s was an early electromechanical computer that used punched cards to tabulate US census data.

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This document discusses the history and basic parts of computers. It outlines that Charles Babbage is considered the "Father of Computing" and invented the Analytical Engine and Difference Engine. It then describes the generations of computers that have included vacuum tubes, transistors, integrated circuits, microprocessors, and artificial intelligence. The basic parts of a computer are identified as the input devices, processor, memory, and output devices. Common input devices include mice, keyboards, and cameras, while output devices include monitors, printers, and speakers. Memory can be hard disks, flash drives, RAM, or ROM. The processor is made by companies like Intel and AMD.

History of computer electromechanical ageJesus Obenita Jr.

The electromechanical age from 1840-1940 saw important advances that enabled the development of early computers. Key inventions included Alessandro Volta's battery in 1800, which provided a reliable source of electricity and allowed information to be encoded as electrical signals. Samuel Morse invented the telegraph in 1832 for electrical communication of text messages. Alexander Graham Bell invented the telephone in 1876 for bidirectional voice communication. These inventions established telecommunication networks powered by electricity. Early electromechanical computing devices were also developed, such as tabulating machines in the 1850s, the Comptometer mechanical adding machine in 1885, and Herman Hollerith's punched card tabulating system used for the 1890 US Census. These early electromechanical devices demonstrated that

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The document summarizes the evolution of computers from early mechanical calculating devices like the abacus and slide rule to modern electronic computers. It describes key developments like Pascal's calculating machine (1642), Babbage's analytical engine (1833), the first programmable electronic computer ENIAC (1946), the first stored-program computer EDVAC (1949), the first microprocessor (1969), and the first personal computer Apple-1 (1977). The evolution has progressed from mechanical to electro-mechanical to electronic digital computers driven by technological advancements.

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The document discusses different types of computers and their basic structure and functioning. It begins by classifying computers into categories like microcomputers, laptops, workstations, supercomputers, and more. It then explains the functional units of a computer including the input, output, memory, arithmetic logic, and control units. Finally, it covers various performance metrics for computers like clock rate, pipelining, superscalar operations, and differences between RISC and CISC instruction sets.

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Lesson 4 data processing

1. Data ProcessingLesson 4

2. 4-1 Early Developments in Electronic Data Processing4- 2 Mark 14 - 3 The Eniac4 - 4 The Edvac4 – 5 Computer Generations4 – 6 First Generation Computers4 – 7 Second Generation Computers4 – 8 Third Generation Computers4 – 9 Fourth Generation Computer

3. Mark IHoward Aiken began work on the Mark I at Harvard UniversityMark I digital computer was completed in 1944Mark I official name was Automatic Sequence Controlled Calculator.Mark I functions:Could perform arithmetic operationsCould locate information stored in tabular form.

4. Mark IProcessed numbers up to 23 digits longs and could multiply three eight-digit numbers in 1 second.It was not an electronic computer but as rather an electromechanical one

5. THE ENIACENIAC – Electronic Numerical Integrator and CalculatorENIAC was developed by Presper Eckert Jr. aand John Mauchly from 1943 to 1946.It has 18,000 vacuum tubes and required the manual setting of switches.It could perform 300 multiplications per second

6. The EDVACEDVAC is the modified version of ENIACEDVAC – Electronic Discrete variable automatic ComputerEDVAC employs binary arithmeticJohn von Neumann invented the EDVAC

7. Computer GenerationsFirst Generation ComputersSecond Generation ComputersThird Generation ComputersFourth Generation Computers

8. First Generation Computers ( 1951-1959)The use vacuum tubes in place of relays as a means of storing data in memory and the use of stored-program concept.It requires 3.5 KW of electricity per day to keep the vacuum tubes running

9. Second Generation Computers ( 1959-1964)Solid-state components ( transistors and diodes) and magnetic core storage formed the basis for the second generation of computers

10. Third Generation Computers ( 1965-1970)Integrated solid-state circuitry, improved secondary storage devices and new input/output devices were the most important advances in this generation.

11. Fourth Generation Computers ( 1970 to present)The major innovations were in the development of microelectronics and in the development of different areas in computer technology such as: multiprocessing, multiprogramming, miniaturization, time sharing , operating speed and virtual storage.

12. The Edvac

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