Night vision technology

MANISH KUMAR PANDEY
ECE 6TH SEM
ROLL NO.- 1003331054
SUBMITTED TO:-
o NISHA WALDE
(SEMINAR CO-ORDINATOR)
SUBMITTED BY:-

CONTENT
Introduction
Types of night vision
- Biological night vision
- Technical night vision
Night vision devices
Advantage
Disadvantage
Application
Conclusion
Reference

 Night vision technology allows one to see in
the dark
 INTRODUCTION
 It is originally developed for the military use.
 In other word we say that Night vision technology is a
type of image processing where we get to see Images
in the dark
 With the proper night vision equipment we can see a
person standing over 200 yards (183 metres)away on
a moonless cloudy night.

Night vision approaches
There are two types of night vision approaches
1) Spectral range-
Enhanced spectral range allows the viewer
to take advantage of non-visible sources of
electromagnetic radiation (such as near-
infrared or ultraviolet radiation). Some
animals can see well into the infrared or
ultraviolet compared to humans.
2)Intensity range:
It is the ability to see with very small quantities
of light. Many animals have better night
vision than humans . To enhanced intensity
range in achieved via technological means
through the use of an image intensifier , gain
multiplication devices and photo detectors.

TYPES OF NIGHT VISION
1. Biological Night Vision
2. Technical Night Vision
(A) Image Intensification
(B) Thermal Imaging

BIOLOGICAL NIGHT VISION
TECHNOLOGY
Some animal like cat , owl and deep sea animals can see in
night because they have a tissue layer called the tapetum
lucidum, in the back of the eye that reflect light back through
the retina .
But human has lack of this layer , hence human can not see
in night .
Hence a chemical called RHODOPOSIN that allows night
vision .
Molecule of rhodoposin in the rods of eye undergoes a
change in shape as they absorb light.
Rhodoposin is extremely sensitive to light .
Hence human can see in night for few hour with the help of
rhodoposin

WORKING OF TECHNICAL NIGHT
VISION
(A) IMAGE INTESIFICATION
This method of night vision amplifies the available light to
achieve better vision.
A conventional lens, captures ambient light.

The light energy causes electrons to be released from the
photocathode plate.
These electrons enter a micro channel plate and generate
more electrons
These electrons hit a phosphor screen and maintain their
position through the channel.
The green phosphor image is viewed through another lens
called ocular lens, which allows you to magnify and focus
the image.

(B) THERMAL IMAGING
This method do not require any ambient light at all.
principal -: All objects emit infrared energy as a function
of their temperature. This technology operates by
capturing the upper portion of infra red light spectrum
A special lens focuses the infrared light emitted by all of the
objects in view.
The focused light is scanned and create temperature
pattern called THERMOGRAM.
The pattern created is translated into electric impulses
The impulses are sent to a circuit board that translates the
information into data for the display.
 signal-processing unit sends the information to the display.

NIGHT VISION DEVICES
Night vision devices are
basically divided into three
categories
 Scopes: They are monocular
normally handheld or
mounted on a weapon.
Goggles: They are binocular
and worn on the head.
Cameras: Used for
transmission or recording of
images mostly if the location
is fixed.

GENERATIONS
GENERATION 0
 Night vision devices were based on image conversion rather than on
image intensification.
 The first night vision device the "sniperscope" or
"snooperscope", were introduced by the US Army in World War II
GENERATION 1
 Focused on the ability to see without additional light.
 NVD began using intensified natural lighting.
 Military scientists created two – stage cascade image tube.

GENERATION 2
There were two major development in NVD technology , first was
the micro channel plate and other was in thermal imaging.
The images are less distorted and brighter
GENERATION 3
Longer life and more defined images.
It maintains the MCP from GEN 2 and also it has photocathode plate.
Better resolution and sensitivity.
GENERATION 4
Known as “filmless and gated” technology.
improvement in high- and low-level light environments
Reduced background noise

ADVANTAGE
High Sensitivity
Low power Requirement
Able to see in dark
Light Weight
Small in size

DISADVANTAGE
Image is not good quality with NVT.
Image is not look its original place i.e
farer image is look nearer.
Loose normal eye vision if it use regularly

APPLICATION
Military
In vehicle during winter and foggy day
Hunting and wildlife Observation
Security
Navigation

CONCLUSION
Night vision technology has some limitations
but it is very useful technology in security
purpose and wildlife. Improving this technology
to reduce limitations it can use in future for
military and another purpose because now a
day terrorism is big problem for any country.
Hence this technology is helpful in war against
terrorism

REFERENCE
 www.ieee.org
 www.globalsecurity.org
 www.nightvisioncamera.com
 www.wikipedia.com

Night vision technology

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Night vision technology