APEH Reformation
- 2. Bell Ringer Which of the following beliefs was central to Martin Luther’s religious philosophy? Salvation by faith alone Saints as intermediaries between the individual Christian and God The sacrament of penance The priesthood defined as distinct from the laity The equality of men and women
- 3. What root words do you see? PROTESTANT REFORMATION
- 4. PROTEST ANT REFORM ATION
- 5. What is the Protestant Reformation ? The religious reform movement that divided the western Church into Catholic and Protestant groups. VS.
- 6. Northern Renaissance As the Renaissance moved Northward, so did its ideals Christian Humanism (aka Northern Humanism) Goal - reform the Catholic Church
- 7. Christian Humanism To change society, must 1st change humanity Human beings able to reason & improve selves Reading for selves = more pious (having strong religious feelings) Inner piety reform of church & society
- 8. Erasmus “the Philosophy of Christ” Christianity should: show people how to live good lives
- 9. Erasmus’ Egg Reform NOT Break Ideas laid foundation “ Erasmus laid the egg that Luther hatched” Luther
- 10. Reasons for the Reformation upper levels of church were wealthy & oppressive church = too feudal & old Monarchy – wanted Church’s power & money
- 11. Reasons for the Reformation (cont.) Clerical immorality – violated celibacy & accused of drunkenness, gambling, and other vice Clerical ignorance – many barely read or write Clerical absenteeism and pluralism – esp. higher level officials – often absent and held more than one office at a time (often purchased their office) SIMONY NEPOTISM
- 12. How to Attain Salvation People’s spiritual needs - not met Main concern - salvation (“How do I get to Heaven?!”) Catholic Church answers: Veneration of relics Obtaining indulgence
- 13. Movie Clip Luther - “The Price of Salvation”
- 14. What is an Indulgence ? The release from all or part of the punishment for sin in purgatory (a place between Earth & afterlife where one “serves time” for their sins & is purified. Time spent here is directly proportional to the number & severity of sins committed in one’s life.)
- 15. Martin Luther Monk & professor of theology Wittenberg, Germany Conflicted by the difference in Catholic teachings/practices vs. what was said in the Bible
- 16. Luther vs. Church: Salvation To Obtain Salvation… Church said: must have faith AND do good works Luther said: faith in God alone will earn one salvation (key teaching known as “justification by faith alone” ) Luther’s theory based on Bible - became the sole source of religious truth to Protestants
- 17. Luther’s 95 Theses October 31, 1517 Nailed to door of church in Wittenberg 95 Theses - spelled out the abuses of the Church Printing Press - HUGE impact on Reformation - Why?
- 18. Backlash Did NOT intend to break with Church - just wanted REFORM Church wanted him to recant (take back) his criticisms Luther says…
- 19. Result Luther is excommunicated & defrocked (banned from the church & stripped of his position) in 1521 Angers not only the Pope, but Charles V - Holy Roman Emperor
- 20. The Diet of Worms IS NOT a means of obtaining nutritional sustenance from eating nothing but those little squiggly things in your garden… IS a legislative assembly of the Holy Roman Emperor in the German city of Worms (pronounced Vuhrms )
- 21. Movie Clip Luther - “A Simple Reply”
- 22. Edict of Worms Made Luther an outlaw All Luther’s works to be burned Luther to be captured & turned over to Charles V
- 23. Peasant Revolts June, 1524 Luther “disappeared” - the worst was rumored Peasants revolted against nobility & clergy (thought Luther would approve) Imperial army retaliated 100,000 peasants dead
- 24. Happy Ending?? German Princes united under Luther (benefit = autonomy from HRE) 1555- Peace of Augsburg (treaty)*** Charles V conceded to formally accept the division of Christianity in Germany German princes could choose the faith of their state (not an individual choice)
- 25. Major Contributions of Luther & the Reformation Translation of the Bible into German Opened door to religious freedom Abolition of vows of celibacy for Protestant clergy Caused Catholic Church to consider reforms
- 26. Spread of Protestantism Division forever Christianity Protestantism Switzerland Zwingli of Zürich
- 27. Calvinism John Calvin - founder Doctrine of justification by faith alone Predestination - God had determined in advance those who would be saved and those who would not
- 28. Calvin’s Reforms Geneva The Consistory Special court Enforced moral discipline Oversaw morality Punished deviants Crimes = singing obscene songs, dancing, swearing, drunkenness, playing cards You little $#@&!! I LIKE BIG BUTTS AND I CANNOT LIE…
- 29. Anabaptists “ Re-baptizer” A radical adult Christian group that believed: All believers equal Any member could be minister Complete separation of Church & State Persecuted by both Catholics & Protestants Today - Mennonite & Amish
Editor's Notes
- #3: Correct Answer: A